scholarly journals Investigation of Twist Waves Distribution along Structurally Nonuniform Yarn

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh. Shukhratov ◽  
R. Milašius ◽  
K. Gafurov ◽  
J. Gafurov
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Vibration Forms

Abstract This paper presents the features of yarn structure formation on spinning machine, i.e. yarn twist change when winding. It was considered that the twist distribution was one of the reasons for its decrease along the formed yarn. In this paper, based on analysis of changes in thickness and twist due to axial deformation, we consider a yarn moving at constant speed. Moving dynamics of yarn are studied here by using Euler variables. The correspondences of forward and reverse twist waves’ distribution speeds on presented frequency at various vibration forms are obtained. The parameters of Doppler effect for the waves distributed along the yarn are determined.

Estimation of yarn strength based on critical slipping length and fiber length distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Jiang ◽  
Chongwen Yu ◽  
Jianping Yang ◽  
Guangting Han ◽  
Mingjie Xing
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Yarn Strength ◽  
Fiber Length Distribution ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Twist Multiplier ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Yarn Structure

Yarn strength is composed of the total contributions made by all breaking and slipping fibers which are determined by critical slipping length lc. Though the definition of lc has been the focus of many research projects, it still remains unsolved. In this study, idealized assumptions were made on yarn structure, and lc was then estimated. At the same time, the actual contributions that breaking fibers and slipping fibers make to yarn strength were recalculated based on an idealized yarn structure, which was analyzed with the conditional probability method according to fiber length distribution. Then, yarn strength was computed by simulating random fiber arrangement in the yarn. It could be seen from calculated results that the critical slipping length declines as yarn twist multiplier increases. Meanwhile, as the twist multiplier increases, the calculated yarn strength rises to the highest point and then declines, which is in agreement with traditional spinning theory. Thus, the calculation of yarn strength based on critical slipping length could reflect the yarn breaking mechanism with a change in the yarn twist multiplier, and could be applied for further prediction of yarn strength.

Essence of Electric Charge of elementary particles according of New axioms and Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Variable Velocity ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
The Waves

Two new Axioms and eight new Laws have been proposed and developed in previous reports. This report uses both axioms and only four laws. According to the first axiom (Axiom1), we can replace uniform motion in a closed circle with non-uniform motion in an open vortex. According to the second axiom (Axiom2), there are pairs of vortices that are mutually orthogonal or they tend to work in a system by a special type of resonance. Of all the variants of vortex pairs, the most probable is the pair: accelerating vortex from the center outwards connected with a delayed vortex from the periphery inwards. This pair is a model of the connected proton-electron pair. The behavior of a free electron and a proton in an Electromagnetic Field is studied. Actually like a cross vortex from outside to inside the electron will be directed to the positive pole. Therefore, an external observer who does not know what the internal structure of the electron is will think and will be deceived that the electron carries a negative charge. The exact opposite is observed for the proton. The properties of a system of linked electrons and protons are also studied. It is known that the Electromagnetic Field propagates at a constant speed and when pulsating the waves are only transverse. According to the new Axioms and Laws in the electron-proton system, the internal connections are of variable speed and when pulsating, the waves are not only transverse and longitudinal. Because the Electromagnetic field is only transverse at a constant speed , it appears that the interaction between the proton and the electron is not Electromagnetic but some other interaction. The interaction between the protons includes cross vortex with variable velocity and longitudinal vortex with variable velocity

Analysis of the swimming of long and narrow animals

1952 ◽  
Vol 214 (1117) ◽  
pp. 158-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Flexible Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Marine Worms

The swimming of long animals like snakes, eels and marine worms is idealized by considering the equilibrium of a flexible cylinder immersed in water when waves of bending of constant amplitude travel down it at constant speed. The force of each element of the cylinder is assumed to be the same as that which would act on a corresponding element of a long straight cylinder moving at the same speed and inclination to the direction of motion. Relevant aerodynamic data for smooth cylinders are first generalized to make them applicable over a wide range of speed and cylinder diameter. The formulae so obtained are applied to the idealized animal and a connexion established between B / λ , V / U and R 1 . Here B and λ are the amplitude and wave-length, V the velocity attained when the wave is propagated with velocity U , R 1 is the Reynolds number Udρ / μ , where d is the diameter of the cylinder, ρ and μ are the density and viscosity of water. The results of calculation are compared with James Gray’s photographs of a swimming snake and a leech. The amplitude of the waves which produce the greatest forward speed for a given output of energy is calculated and found, in the case of the snake, to be very close to that revealed by photographs. Similar calculations using force formulae applicable to rough cylinders yield results which differ from those for smooth ones in that when the roughness is sufficiently great and has a certain directional character propulsion can be achieved by a wave of bending which is propagated forward instead of backward. Gray’s photographs of a marine worm show that this remarkable method of propulsion does in fact occur in the animal world.

scholarly journals The doppler effect and the speed of light do not change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
段贤香
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
Real Universe

The assumption that the speed of light does not change contradicts the doppler effect. In the real universe, the speed of light is not a constant speed between the light source and the observer. The speed of light is relative and time is absolute.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Yarn Combinations on Auxetic Properties of Plied Yarns

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Akgun ◽  
Recep Eren ◽  
Fatih Suvari ◽  
Tugba Yurdakul
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Twist Level ◽  
Negative Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
Plied Yarn

Abstract This study presents the effects of a novel plied yarn structure consisting of different yarn components and yarn twist levels on the Poisson's ratio and auxetic behavior of yarns. The plied yarn structures are formed with bulky and soft yarn components (helical plied yarn [HPY], braided yarn, and monofilament latex yarn) and stiff yarn components (such as high tenacity [HT] and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]-coated polyester yarns) to achieve auxetic behavior. Experimental results showed that as the level of yarn twist increased, the Poisson's ratios and the tensile modulus values of the plied yarns decreased, but the elongation values increased. A negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) was obtained in HT–latex and PVC–latex plied yarns with a low twist level. The plied yarns formed with braid–HPY and braid–braid components gave partial NPR under tension. A similar result was achieved for yarns with HT–latex and PVC–latex components. Since partial NPR was seen in novel plied yarns with braided and HPY components, it is concluded that yarns formed with bulky–bulky yarn components could give an auxetic performance under tension.

Intrusive gravity currents propagating along thin and thick interfaces

2007 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE R. SUTHERLAND ◽  
JOSHUA T. NAULT
Keyword(s):  
Wave Speed ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Interfacial Wave ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Finite Distance ◽  
The Waves

Inviscid gravity currents released from a finite-length lock are known to propagate at a constant speed to a predicted finite distance before decelerating. By extension this should occur in a two-layer fluid with equal upper- and lower-layer depths for an intrusion having the average density of the ambient. The experiments presented here show this is not necessarily the case. The finite-depth thickness of the interface non-negligibly influences the evolution of the intrusion so that it propagates well beyond the predicted constant-speed limit; it propagates without decelerating beyond 22 lock lengths in a rectilinear geometry and beyond 6 lock radii in an axisymmetric geometry. Experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that the intrusion speed decreases to half the two-layer speed in the circumstance in which the interface spans the domain. The corresponding long mode-2 interfacial wave speed increases rapidly with interfacial thickness, becoming comparable with the intrusion speed when the interfacial thickness is approximately one-quarter the domain height. For somewhat thinner interfacial thicknesses, the intrusion excites solitary waves that move faster than the long-wave speed. The coupling between intrusions and the waves they excite, together with reduced mixing of the current head, result in constant-speed propagation for longer times.

scholarly journals Derivation of general Doppler effect equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Miloš Čojanović
Keyword(s):  
Local Time ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
The Waves

In this paper, we will derive the general equations for Doppler effect. It will be proved that regardless of the nature of the emitted waves and the medium through which the waves propagate the formula always has the same form and is identical to the general Doppler effect formula for sound. We will also show that Doppler effect can be used to establish a relationship between the local time of the source and the local time of the receiver. In addition, some new characteristics of the Doppler effect have been presented that have not been discussed in the literature so far.

The refraction of head seas by a long ship

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ursell
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Horizontal Cylinder ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Constant Cross Section ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
The Waves

It is known that head seas cannot travel without deformation along a horizontal cylinder of full constant cross-section. Calculations are given which indicate that the waves are refracted away from the axis of the cylinder. Similar refraction effects are found for waves generated by a pulsating source on the cylinder, and also for the Kelvin wave pattern generated by a long ship of nearly constant cross-sectiop moving with constant speed in the axial direction.

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF SOUND FIELD CREATED BY A MOTION OF A MONOPOLE ALONG A CURVED PATH AND RELATED PHYSICAL PHENOMENA

1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 287-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ROSENHOUSE ◽  
N. PELED
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Sound Fields ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Parabolic Orbit ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Actual Location

The paper deals with sound fields created by sources moving along a curved path in the open atmosphere. The theory presented here is used for computer simulation in time steps in order to discover some general acoustic phenomena which appear during the motion of the sound source. Specifically, the modified "Doppler effect" of such motions is investigated rather than the motion along a straight line (which is a specific case). This includes the influence of condensation and rarefication of the sound waves on the amplitudes in front and behind the source. Conclusively, it has been found that generalization of the sound field radiated by a moving source along a straight line to motion along curved lines does not avoid a clear appearance of the known "Doppler effect". Enhancement 01 weakening of the waves is distinguished in a manner similar to that of a motion along a straight line, as related to the actual location of the source. Finally, examples of motion of a sound source along a circular orbit, a parabolic orbit, and others in the free space illustrate the proposed approach and highlight the possibility of its use.

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