scholarly journals Two Approaches to Examine the Impact of Different Credit Default Indicators on Real Estate Loans

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-215
Author(s):  
Reimar Pfalz
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Default Rates ◽  
Credit Default ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Financing of real estates was a trigger of the largest financial crisis after the “Great Depression” from the early thirties in the last century. One of the main causes of this 2007 crisis was poor risk management in real estate financing. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of different classes of indicators on credit default rates of real estate loans. Two research approaches should confirm a model that proves how strong the relationship is between different predictor variables such as interest rates, macroeconomic and individual indicators on the response variable of credit defaults. The first approach focuses on conducting descriptive and inferential experimental research by collecting secondary data in different markets and by analysing these data for correlations and linear regressions. The second approach is an expert survey of different banks to compare and complement the results of the first research approach. The research provides the evidence that individual indicators and macroeconomic indicators have a higher impact on credit defaults than interest rates. The scientific research on this theme has led to nearly the same results in different markets: the unemployment rate and thus personal conditions are the most responsible predictors for the credit defaults, also in different markets. The novelty of the present research is the proof that a banking survey with primary data on the causes of credit defaults confirms and complements the results of the secondary data analysis.

scholarly journals Towards the Establishment of Relationship between Macroeconomic Indicators and Cost of Public Educational Buildings in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Richard Oduro Asamoah ◽  
Bernard Kofi Baiden ◽  
Gabriel Nani
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Prime Rate ◽  
The Impact

Cost of building is usually influenced by several factors; one of such is frequent changes in macroeconomic variables. The purpose of this study is to establish the need to conduct further research on the impact of changes in macroeconomic components on the cost of public educational buildings. The study adopted the qualitative research approach; purposive and snowballing techniques were used in selecting respondents. Questionnaire survey was used to obtain primary data from respondents who were Quantity Surveyors and Estimators. The questionnaires were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Secondary data was obtained through literature review. The study revealed that respondents were satisfied with cost management procedures and practices and mainly relied on cash flow, progress reporting, and project cost control methods as means of monitoring and managing project cost. Relative important index, prime rate, interest rate, and inflation were some of the macroeconomic components that professionals considered having impact on cost. The respondents also recommended further studies on the impact of macroeconomic variability on cost of public buildings.

scholarly journals UPAYA PEMERINTAH DAERAH MENGATASI KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN BERDASARKAN KONSEP NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Dinda Riskanita ◽  
Yeni Widowaty
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Impact

  Environmental damage in Ponorogo Regency is more caused by land conversion factors that occur in several regions, especially in the highland areas. The problem formulation consists of two questions, first what is the impact of environmental damage from the function of hilly land to plantation land. Second, how do regional governments overcome environmental damage based on welfare state concept. This research aims to (1) know and analyze effect of land conversion toward environmental damage, (2) know and analyze regional government efforts in overcoming  environmental damage based on Welfare State Concept. The research method used is empirical research, which consists of primary data and secondary data. The research approach used in statute approach and sociological approach. This study finds out (1) the impact of environmental damage, such as landslides disaster, difficult to get clean water, difficulties in reforestation, lost soil characteristics, (2) the efforts of regional government in overcoming environmental damage are to conduct spatial planning based on regulations in accordance with Welfare State Concept. Keywords: Social Welfare, Environment, Regional Government, Regulations. Kerusakan lingkungan di Kabupaten Ponorogo banyak disebabkan karena faktor alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi di beberapa wilayah, khususnya di daerah dataran tinggi. Rumusan masalah terdiri dari dua pertanyaan, pertama apa dampak kerusakan lingkungan akibat alih fungsi lahan perbukitan menjadi lahan perkebunan, kedua bagaimana upaya pemerintah daerah mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan berdasarkan Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dampak alih fungsi lahan yang berakibat pada kerusakan lingkungan, (2) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis terkait upaya pemerintah daerah mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan berdasarkan konsep negara kesejahteraan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris, yang terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan sosiologis. Hasil penelitian dari dua permasalah yang penulis teliti adalah (1) bahwa dampak yang timbul dari kerusakan lingkungan, yaitu bencana longsor, minimnya air bersih, sulitnya melakukan reboisasi, dan hilangnya karakteristik lahan, (2) upaya pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan tersebut adalah melakukan perencanaan tata ruang berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan sesuai dengan Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah (1) dampak dari alih fungsi lahan mengakibatkan daerah ditetapkan menjadi Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB), (2) upaya pemerintah daerah berdasarkan Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan yaitu perencanaan tata ruang dan tata guna lahan.Kata Kunci: Negara Kesejahteraan; Lingkungan; Pemerintah Daerah;Peraturan. 

scholarly journals Interest Rates Capping and Performance of Selected Small and Medium Restaurants in Nairobi West, Nairobi City County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Jane Nganga ◽  
Gerald Atheru
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
The Impact

The use of interest rate capping as a way of controlling various economic sectors has highly contributed to a continuous decline in the growth of credit to the small and medium businesses and private entities by introducing a distortion in the market which the credit markets have not been able to recover from. This has resulted to the issues of reduced income, high borrowing risks and a high emerging rate of shylocks who are also perceived to have high interest rates. Based on the provided evidence the caps on loan have highly discouraged most of the SMEs from seeking for growth funds. Empirical studies done have found mixed results on the impacts of interest capping on the SMEs performance thus a research gap. The research aimed at filling the current gap by focusing on a research on establishing the impacts of interest rates capping on the performance of small and medium restaurants in Kenya, within Nairobi County. The research was guided by objectives which include; determining the effect of the interest rate capping on the enterprises’ performance, determining the impact of credit accessibility of the enterprise’s performance, assessing the effect of credit availability on the enterprise’s performance. The research was anchored on liquidity and classical models as well as on the theory of credit market. The research will adopt a descriptive research design. The study population was 312 employees. A census was adopted. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from the financial statements of the enterprises. The research further employed questionnaires that were administered to each participant. The study used both the quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency, mean, percentages and standard deviations and be presented using charts, tables and graphs. The study also conducted a multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship between the study variables .The understandings will ensure that they are not charged excessive interest rates for their loans. The study concluded that interest rate capping generally had a positive relationship with the performance of small and medium sized restaurants in Nairobi West. The study concluded that credit accessibility among the small and medium restaurants was based on firm characteristics and capacity and enhanced adjustment to adverse environmental shocks, raised amount of product investment and eliminates financial constraints to a great extent. It was concluded that the education level and experience of the respondents, awareness level, firm size and availability of collateral. The study concluded further that the risks associated with repaying, operating environment, status and ownership structure influenced performance of the SMEs since it determined their potential to get credit from the banks and other lenders. The study recommended that the banks and other lenders in the financial sector should enhance timely access to credit at affordable and flexible rates to enhance firm performance. It was further recommended that the SMEs need to improve awareness on existence of credit, willingness of MFIs and banks to offer credit to enhance SME thriving.  The study recommended that the number of lenders available in the market, willing to extent credit and creating awareness of products need to increase to spread choice, reduce rate and improve access and availability of credit to SMEs.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the consumers’ behaviour: The case of Republic of Kosovo economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Besime Ziberi ◽  
Donat Rexha ◽  
Rrezarta Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal consumption expenditures (PCE) in the case of Kosovo. Labor factor has been considered as the holder of the economic activity, however, manpower, namely its broader term population is at the same time the user of the product and the services, i.e., the result of the economic activity (Škuflić & Šokčević, 2010) Taking into consideration that COVID-19 is harming the labor market and in economic activity in general, we also consider that this situation is affecting the personal consumption expenditures in case of Kosovo, domestic demand, supported by low-interest rates and strong employment growth, will remain the main driver of growth (OECD, 2018). To analyze the importance of personal consumption expenditure in the case of Kosovo during the COVID-19 pandemic we used secondary data from World Bank documents and primary data collected via an online questionnaire that was randomly distributed using social media with a sample of 233 respondents. The data analysis concludes descriptive statistics, frequency tables and charts, Pearson correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, and Chi-square test. To conduct the results, the SPSS program is used. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted personal consumption expenditures and shifted the consumption from luxury to essential products. The study also concludes that citizens will realize the pre-planned expenditures as soon as the anti-COVID-19 measures will be released.

scholarly journals Does Microfinance Matter for Women Borrowers? Recent Findings from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Basharat Hossain ◽  
Syed Naimul Wadood
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Women Borrowers

This paper examines the impact of microfinance on some selected women borrower respondents of Bangladesh, who have been selected through a systematic random survey process. This is a quantitative research based on primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire on sixty women borrowers of the Dhaka City, Bangladesh. This paper finds that microfinance has a highly significant positive impact on the income of these women borrower respondents. Moreover, though microfinance encourages for savings and buying new asset but it has no significant impact on their asset building and savings.Overall, there has been a mixed outcome from this cross-sections data: microfinance has been found as a matter for women borrowers’ income increasing aspects, whereas not much effective in increasing savings or building up of assets. Finally the paper recommends some steps to increase effectiveness of microfinance on the women borrowers, including expanding training facilities and lower interest rates particularly for women borrowers.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTING EXTENSION OFFICERS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND EXTENSION SERVICES: UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA AS CHANGE AGENTS IN MODERN AGRICULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-269
Author(s):  
Constantine Busungu ◽  
Anne Gongwe ◽  
Daniel L. Naila ◽  
Laura Munema
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Impact

In conventional agriculture, extension officers are regarded as change agents. They intervene to bring about change through influencing innovation, technology transfer and decision-making process in order to help improve the lives of the farmers and their families. Farmers in 21st century have opportunity of receiving the majority of information about agriculture through mass media outlets as a result technology advancement. A case study design was employed design utilizing mixed research approach focusing on Magu district as study area. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected using purposive sampling from a sample of 148 farmers whereas the secondary data were collected from Magu District’s agriculture, irrigation and cooperative office. The data collection tools included questionnaire, focused group discussion and semi-structured interview methods. The aim of this study was to investigate how mass media is serving both extension officers and farmers to enhance agriculture knowledge and technology adaptation in the wake of few extension officers. We found extension officer to farmer ratio to be 1:1172 and 1:500 for crop and livestock farmer respectively. This ratio falls short from World Bank recommended standard ratio of 1:200-500 as well as below the Tanzania ministry of agriculture’s standard of two extension officers per village. The rapid development of social media platforms gives the specialty crop industry the ability to speak directly to the public, informing consumers about food production and encouraging them to become agriculture advocates. The impact of mass media among the farmers in enhancing productivity was moderate. This was easily analyzed by examining the theme content in mass media in the country and frequency of media usage by both farmers and extension officers. Amongst various mass media radio and television channels emerged as the most used, most dominant, relevant, low-cost medium and user friendly for farmer-to-farmer-extension and to expose rural communities to new agricultural technologies and ideas. Social media is the most recent form of digital communication and on a global scale and already this study reveal farmers particularly that farmer with high level of education and high-income level using social media for agriculture.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Akan Dying, Death and Mourning Rites

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Isaac Boaheng
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Impact

This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Akan traditional rites related to dying, death and mourning. The study used a qualitative research approach (based on both primary and secondary sources) to examine Akan dying, death and mourning rites and selected critical issues arising due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and participant observa¬tion whiles secondary data were obtained from books, journal articles and others. The study found that though COVID-19 health protocols have changed many Akan traditional rites related to dying, death and mourning, the Akan people still maintain their traditional beliefs about dying, death and mourning. Therefore, there is a high probability that changes that have taken place will be discarded as soon as the pandemic is over.

scholarly journals Financing affordable housing in Niger State of Nigeria through commercial banks : trend, issues and future directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Bassey Udoekanem Namnso
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Property Market

This study explored the trend in interest rates on real estate loans granted by commercial banks in Nigeria. Primary data used for the study were collected from selected real estate firms in Minna, the capital of Niger State of Nigeria, which are active in the residential property market in the city. The secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Results of data analysis revealed that variation in interest rates on real estate loans granted by commercial banks in Nigeria in the past three years was statistically significant at 0.05 level ofsignificance, an indication that interest rates on real estate loans granted by commercial banks in the country did not follow a similar trend. The paper examined the implications ofthis trend on affordable housing finance in Niger State of Nigeria and argues that more than 90 per cent of the households in Niger State could not afford real estate loans granted by commercial banks for housing development and acquisition in the area at the current interest rates. The paper concluded that greater involvement ofthe government at all levels in the provision of long-term real estate credit at affordable interest rates is necessary if housing finance to be made affordable for the low-income groups in Niger State, Nigeria.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI PEMODERATOR PADA BALAI PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN APARATUR KEMENTERIAN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Wahyu Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediator Variable

The study purpose is to analyse the impact of training, competence, motivation and leadership towards performance either directly or through job satisfaction as a mediator variable. As many as 55 staff are considered as respondents in this research, and census method is used as the sampling method. Primary data in this study were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Likert Scale. Secondary data are obtained from the organization structure Sukamandi Apparatus Training Centre (BDA), performance appraisal, staff attendance, information system and personnel management. Structural Equation Modeling Analisis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS) is used to process and analyze data. This study shows staff with high education, competence and leadership have a significant effect on performance, While the job satisfaction is significant in mediating the influence of training, competence and leadership on performance. Next on the employee with low education, training, competence, motivation and leadership have a significant influence on performance, while job satisfaction is significant in mediating the effect of competence and leadership on staff performance.   Keywords:  training, competence, motivation, leadership, job satisfaction, performance

scholarly journals The Impact of Dynamic Capabilities on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Pharmaceutical Sector in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Albert Naiem Naguib ◽  
Eahab Elsaid ◽  
Abdel Moneim Elsaid
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities (experience, routine, skills, firm characteristics, knowledge and technology) and competitive advantage sustainability in the Egyptian pharmaceutical sector. The data was collected using primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected from questionnaires distributed to 160 top managers in 20 pharmaceutical firms. The secondary data about pharmaceutical firms like rankings, revenues and market share was collected from external sources such as Intercontinental Marketing Service (IMS). The questionnaires examine six independent variables based on a five-scale Likert scale. The methodology used in the study is non-probability sampling (judgmental sampling), Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and Chi-square tests. The results support the notion that there is a significant relationship between four of the six dynamic capabilities (experience, skills, firm characteristics and knowledge) and the competitive advantage sustainability for pharmaceutical firms in Egypt. Designing the questionnaire and formulating the questions to target the required field was challenging, given that the topic is dynamic and the business scene in Egypt has witnessed drastic political changes since January 2011. The study should assist pharmaceutical companies in Egypt in directing their investments properly and in determining the weaknesses in their dynamic capabilities that need to be addressed.

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