scholarly journals Effect of Gender Differences and Other Factors on Remuneration of Employees in EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Irena Antošová ◽  
Naďa Hazuchová ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Job Change ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Absolute Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The aim of the paper is to verify gender income differences and to reveal factors influencing differences in remuneration. Gender income differences across the EU range from 6% in Romania to 27% in the Czech Republic. Data from 178,878 employees filtered from the EU-SILC database were used for calculations. Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect gender income differences. The greatest effect was shown in the “Absolute Income”, then the “Job Change in the Last Year” factor, but the “Education” and “Age” showed a strongly negative tendency. Extraordinary attention is devoted to the effect of the “Job sector” factor, which also significantly contributes to the difference in income. Different representation of gender appears in different industries, which can be caused by preferences and be a consequence of persisting society-wide stereotypes. Social policies are not in line with changes in society and lag behind the development of society.

scholarly journals Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolana Kvíčalová ◽  
Jan Široký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Preliminary Description

Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.

scholarly journals Comparison of agricultural subsidies in the Czech Republic and in the selected states of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
R. Zdeněk ◽  
J. Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

The Common Agricultural Policy has been implemented in order to guarantee the appropriate life quality for farmers and to preserve the European heritage. Costs of its realization amounted to 40% of the EU budget. The EU has not established the same conditions for all member states. The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of agricultural subsidies and the structure of production on the incomes of agricultural holdings and their comparison with the largest producers in the EU with similar production structure. The shift-share analysis is used. Different amount of subsidies according to the type of farming together with increasing subsidy rate may influence the type of farming. Therefore, it may cause a paradox that the structure of subsidies according to the type of farming will stimulate products that are currently suppressed. The difference in subsidies in comparison with the largest producers with a similar structure of agricultural production is significant for the Czech Republic and it is possible to compare it to the increase of the SAPS by 75%.

scholarly journals Factor conditions of the viniculture and wine sector in the EU member states, in the Czech Republic and in the selected candidate countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
A. Škorpíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
Research Plan ◽  
The Eu

The paper is a part of the solution of the research plan of the FBE MUAF in Brno, No. GAMSM 431100007, and it is focused on the analysis of factors influencing competitiveness of the wine-growing and viniculture. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the competitiveness of the viniculture and wine sector could be influenced, amongst other things, by specific national conditions as defined by “Porter’s diamond”. This essay deals with factor conditions like the total area of vineyards, the average per hectare yield of grapes, the total wine production and wine consumption including the foreign trade with this commodity. The comparison of the chosen national conditions is made within the EU member states and also within six candidate countries – Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals The Visegrad Four in Times of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Anna Chetverikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The Eu

The article contains an analysis of the Visegrad Group’s approaches to the world financial and economic crisis of 2008 and the pandemic in 2020. The reasons which determined the increase of the Four’s importance in the EU during periods of global distress for a number of economic indicators are outlined. Special attention is paid to the economic dynamics of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 2020 in comparison to the time of crisis of 2008-2009 and to the factors influencing the response of countries to the complementary economic issues. The transformation of trade and investment relations within the Visergad Group during the crisis periods is considered. The reasons for changes inside the group are identified. The conclusion is drawn that external challenges cause the weakening of relations within the Four in several areas; the Visegrad market can not fully play the compensatory role for its members in emergency conditions. However, the opportunity for expanding relations within the Group in the future is not excluded. The results of the experts’ survey on the attitudes of the Four during periods of external challenges, relations within the Visegrad Group and directions for future development are presented.

scholarly journals ACTIVITIES AIMED AT FACILITATION OF COMPETITIVENESS IN THE LATVIAN AQUACULTURE SECTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Inese Biukšāne
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Aquaculture belongs to the fisheries sector, which is evaluated as a highly productive, competitive and eco-friendly sector. The EU’s and Latvia’s economic breakthrough is related to the aquaculture sector. Participating in the establishment of the Common Fisheries Policy of the EU and using the support provided by the EU’s financial instruments, have given the Latvian aquaculture sector wide opportunities in the facilitation of competitiveness. This paper will aim to evaluate the competitiveness of the Latvian aquaculture sector, providing suggestions for its further development. On the grounds of the Model of the Factors Influencing Competitiveness of the Fisheries Sector Cluster, Aquaculture Competitiveness Index and the offered types of strategies developed by the author, was evaluated and analyzed the competitiveness of Latvian aquaculture sector and provided suggestions for further development of the sector. Significance of the factors and their influence upon competitiveness was checked through Principal component and regression analysis. In the framework of the research was evaluated and analyzed the level of competitiveness in Latvian aquaculture sector, identified ensuring spheres influencing competitiveness and provided suggestions for further development of the sector. The methodology developed within this paper can be used for evaluation of competitiveness of fisheries and its sectors in different countries. The results of the research can be used in elaboration, planning and improvement of the common policy of the sector.

scholarly journals A Typology and Conditionality of the Inter-district Migration in the Czech Republic

Geografie ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-231
Author(s):  
Dušan Drbohlav ◽  
Jiří Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the inter-district (76 districts) migration of population in the Czech republic during the late 70's early 80's. In the first part the district's typology according to their geographic, economic, social and demographic characteristics has been carried out by the use of cluster analysis. In the following sections districts are classified with regards to several characteristics of migration (age groups and stated reasons for moving). In the final part the relationship between geographic, economic and social characteristics, and migration, is investigated by using stepwise regression analysis.

scholarly journals LEADER in the Czech Republic and farming sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hudečková ◽  
M. Lošťák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Local Action ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sector Type ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Action Groups ◽  
The Eu

The paper addresses the LEADER approach in the Czech Republic. Using documentary research and content analysis of the appropriate documents and the Local Action Groups information sheets, the paper firstly outlines the evolution of the LEADER approach in the Czech Republic (the paper points out the difference in understanding LEADER in the EU /focusing on capacity building and the use of intangible forms of capital/ and in the Czech Republic EU /focusing on investments/). The paper also analyses the participation of farmers and the farming related actors in the LEADER approach (approx. 30% of local action groups are composed by those actors, however, they mostly do not aim /similarly like non-farming actors/ at developing partnership but want to achieve the investments into production; that is why the Czech local action groups are rather quasi-partnerships; it is also reflected in a very low number of strategies aiming at the “adding value to local products” which is the closest to farmers /but it is the less opted theme: only 6% of projects/). The paper ends with the analysis of projects implemented under the LEADER scheme where the farmers participate. It shows that more than the integrated strategies, the Czech local action groups prefer the strategies of the multi-sector type. The paper also points out that the publicly available information about the activities of the local action groups is not sufficient, although the groups are funded from the public budgets. This fact makes the analysis more difficult as for the scientific merit but also contradicts the principles of democratic governance.

scholarly journals Economic results of Agricultural Enterprises in 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Eu

Using a file of economic indicators of a sample of selected agricultural enterprises, their economic results have been evaluated according to their production and climatic conditions, production orientation and the system of management since 1996. The long-term tendencies of economic results and the influencing factors shall be defined according to this analysis. The authors aim to assess the influence of external conditions on management of agricultural enterprises and how the economic result can be influenced. Next, the authors aim to analyse the influence of the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. In 2005 the agricultural enterprises suffered a decrease in their profit compared with 2004, followed by a decrease of the profit rate. The decrease in the number of labour force and at the same time the increase of labour productivity shows a long-term tendency. Subsidies in agriculture have also been increasing in the long-term perspective. There was the first significant increase in 2004. Subsidies are one of the most important factors influencing the economics of agricultural enterprises and the dependence of their earnings on subsidies is increasing.

scholarly journals Improvement of methodology and development of software calculation of routes production of pipes by sink drawing taking into account accuracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (134) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Inna Solovyova ◽  
Yulia Nykolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Rolling Mills ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cold Rolling Mills ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thickness Measurements

For designing routes of sink drawing pipes a certain assortment it is necessary to choose correctly the initial sizes of preparation, to calculate admissible deformations on diameter and a wall. Sink drawing to pipes after short-drawing drawing or rolling on cold rolling mills, ie pipes having a certain difference.When designing routes to drawing it is necessary to predict in advance the size and direction of change wall thickness. The analysis of influence and its character for each parameter on change of wall thickness is carried out. Taking into account the analysis and the nature of the identified dependences, tested the construction of multiple linear and nonlinear regression to determine the wall thickness of the workpiece by , , , , .To order to assess the accuracy of the pipes after sink drawing, technological routes of pipes production from carbon steel grades were developed and investigated. According to the developed routes by the production technology, batches of tubes were drawn, samples were taken from each batch and wall thickness measurements were made at equally distant points of pipe cross-section.According to the results of measurements, correlation-regression analysis was performed, factors influencing the variation of difference were determined and regression models were built.With a small diversity of the workpiece (less than 3%) the diversity of the finished pipes increases, with a diversity of the workpiece 3 ... 4% the diversity of the finished pipes changes little and > 4% the diversity of the finished pipes decreases.The intensity of the correction ( <1) depends on the compression ratio in diameter : the larger the value , the more intense the correction of the difference. That is, to correct the difference ( >4%) in the sink drawing, it is necessary to increase the coefficient of extraction.The results of research are introduced into the calculations of routes and technological maps of production in order to predict the diversity of finished pipes during drawing and supplemented the software for determining the size of the workpiece when designing routes for drawing carbon cold-formed pipes by sink drawing.

An Investigation on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic reward on retention among Gen Y employees in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The data was collected from 113 respondents worked in manufacturing companies located in Seri Kembangan, Selangor using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed both extrinsic and intrinsic reward are the factors influencing retaining Gen Y in manufacturing companies. The discussion on the analysis, limitation of the study, recommendation for future research and conclusion were discussed at the end of this study. In a nutshell, it was proven extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward has contributed to the retention of Gen Y employees.

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