scholarly journals Investigation of Filtration Capacity of Surface Wastewater Filters by Mathematical Modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
Eglė Marčiulaitienė ◽  
Laura Meškauskaitė ◽  
Natalija Pozniak ◽  
Leonidas Sakalauskas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants

AbstractAs the urbanisation level increases, due to intensification of car traffic and increased areas of impermeable surfaces, pollution of surface wastewater and a negative impact on water bodies are increasing. Due to the increasing pollution of surface water bodies, the eutrophication process is taking place intensively. One of the technologies of surface wastewater treatment allowing reduction in the amounts of suspended solids (SS), heavy metals and other pollutants is surface wastewater filters. Filters with different fillers have been designed for the treatment of principal surface wastewater pollutants: suspended solids, heavy metals (zinc, cadmium, copper, lead), BOD5, total carbon and nitrogen. The Kriging method was adapted to test the efficiency of filters filled with construction waste and wood waste-derived biochar using distance matrices. The method developed makes it possible to model the characteristics of filters in relation to different fillers, using experimental results. The mathematical model is suitable for other filtrate characteristics, not only the ratio of fillers, but also the length of the filter life, its durability calculations, which allows optimizing filter cleaning efficiency up to 96.93 %.

scholarly journals Radiological Assessment of Reservoirs in Volyn Region that is Under Radioactive Contamination

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
The Village

Purpose. To determine the content of radionuclides 137Сs, 90Sr and heavy metals in water bodies within the boundaries of settlements of Kamyn-Kashirsky, Lyubeshivsky and Manevychi administrative districts of Volyn region. Methods. During the expedition and laboratory work, standard methods of sampling, preparation and measurement of samples were used according to the current methods of radiochemical, radiospectrometric, ichthyological, hydrochemical, statistical analyses, etc. The determination of the total content of heavy metals was performed in laboratory conditions by conventional methods. Results. The research is based on its own analyses, as well as the stock materials of the Scientific Information Center for Water Management and Ecological Monitoring and Optimization of Water Use. Features of 137Сs, 90Sr radionuclides distribution in reservoirs (water, sediments, fish, birds) within the zone of radioactive contamination in Volyn Region are considered. The maximum concentrationі of 137Сs, 90Sr in the studied area were determined. The anthropogenic impact and excess of the maximum permissible concentrations and maximum permissible levels of toxic substances in the ecosystem links of certain water bodies of the partially contaminated region are identified. Conclusions. As a result of the study on the level of concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr and heavy metals in water (within the boundaries of settlements) of the investigated area, it was found that reservoirs in village of Prylisne, village of Velyka Osnytsya, village of Cherevakha in Manevitsky District, village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District and the village of Vetly in Lyubeshiv Administrative Distict are affected by the highest concentrations of 137Сs and 90Sr. The significant content of heavy metal salts is recorded in the reservoirs, namely in the village of Serhiv – lead, village of Prylisne in Manevytskyi District– zinc, cadmium; in the village Berezna Volia in Lyubeshiv District – copper; in the village of Nuyno in Kamin-Kashirsky District – lead.

Assessment of Pollutant Loads of Runoff in Pretoria, South Africa

2012 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Josiah Adeyemo ◽  
Folasade Adeyemo ◽  
Fred Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Receiving Water

Pollutants in stormwater are detrimental to the receiving water bodies. The study of pollutants in stormwater is important to know the appropriate management techniques to remove these pollutants. This paper presents an explorative study of runoff in Pretoria, South Africa. Common pollutants in stormwater are studied to determine their correlation with total suspended solids found in four different sites in Pretoria. The metals are strongly correlated with total suspended solids. It is suggested that treatment of pollutants by treating or removing solids may be extended to other heavy metals and nutrients to improve stormwater quality. In this study, some contaminants are identified to be associated with traffic volume. In this paper, the authors suggest that efforts should be made nationally and internationally to redesign vehicular products to eliminate the traffic contaminants in stormwater.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL OF HAYFIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Viktor Chuykov ◽  
Dalhat Teberdiev ◽  
Anna Rodionova ◽  
Sergey Zapivalov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils of various compositions is an urgent problem in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The main objective of the research conducted at the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology was to determine the effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on agrochemical soil parameters and accumulation of heavy metals. Systematic application of mineral fertilizers on the sod-podzolic loamy soil of hayfield for 74 years has not had a negative impact on its agrochemical indicators. On the contrary, the organic matter content increased by 30-40% according to the experimental variants. The acidity of the soil decreased from a pH of 4.3 to 4.5–5.3. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of mobile forms of copper, zinc, cadmium, lead in the soil and their accumulation in plants is shown. Analysis of the soil by layers showed that 15–20% more humus, mobile macroelements, microelements – copper, zinc are concentrated in the 0–10 cm layer. The content of toxic elements – cadmium and lead – was characterized by their uniform distribution over the 0–20 cm horizon. An annual balance calculation of the use of microelements supplied with mineral fertilizers to plants is presented. The obtained results showed that the forage grasses during the growing season fully used the copper, zinc, cadmium, lead introduced with mineral fertilizers and additionally consumed from the soil: copper – 68, zinc – 268, cadmium – 0.2, lead – 3 g/ha.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

ECOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD, POSED BY WATER CONTAMINATION OF WATER BODIES WITH POLYVINYL NITRATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Maslennikov ◽  
S. A. Demidova ◽  
A. V. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Polyvinyl Nitrate

Water containing polyvinyl nitrate was experimentally assessed on the basis of organoleptic, general sanitary and toxicological indicators of harmfulness. It was established that that the compound did not change water organoleptic properties but produced a negative impact on viability of saprophytic microflora , nitrification processes and biochemical oxygen demand. Besides, in tests on animals. the substance caused acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity. Based on those signs of harmfulness, threshold levels of exposure were established. Data obtained were taken into account for substantiation of MAC (Maximum allowable concentration) of polyvinyl nitrate in water bodies.

scholarly journals Detecting the Cool Island Effect of Urban Parks in Wuhan: A City on Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Qijiao Xie ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Heat

As a nature-based solution, development of urban blue-green spaces is widely accepted for mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. It is of great significance to determine the main driving factors of the park cool island (PCI) effect for optimizing park layout and achieving a maximum cooling benefit of urban parks. However, there have been obviously controversial conclusions in previous studies due to varied case contexts. This study was conducted in Wuhan, a city with high water coverage, which has significant differences in context with the previous case cities. The PCI intensity and its correlation with park characteristics were investigated based on remote sensing data. The results indicated that 36 out of 40 urban parks expressed a PCI effect, with a PCI intensity of 0.08~7.29 °C. As expected, larger parks with enough width had stronger PCI intensity. An increased density of hardened elements in a park could significantly weaken PCI effect. Noticeably, in this study, water bodies in a park contributed the most to the PCI effect of urban parks, while the vegetated areas showed a negative impact on the PCI intensity. It implied that in a context with higher water coverage, the cooling effect of vegetation was weakened or even masked by water bodies, due to the interaction effect of different variables on PCI intensity.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Small Hydropower Plants on the Ecological Status Indicators of Water Bodies: A Case Study in Lithuania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Midona Dapkienė ◽  
Petras Punys
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Hydropower plants produce renewable and sustainable energy but affect the river’s physico-chemical characteristics and change the abundance and composition of the aquatic organisms. The impact of large HPPs on the ecological conditions of surface water bodies have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to environmental impact studies of small hydropower plants (SHPs). The impact of hydropeaking on both the river flow regime and ecosystems has been well-studied for peaking mode plants, mainly medium to large-sized ones. However, for small hydroelectric power plants, and especially for those in lowland rivers, the available information on water quality, benthic macroinvertebrates communities and fish abundance, and biomass is not sufficient. Ten small hydropower plants were selected, and the ecological status of water bodies was assessed in different parts of Lithuania. The studies were performed at the riverbed upstream from the SHPs, where the hydrological regime has not changed, and downstream from the SHPs. It was found that the small hydropower plants do not affect the physico-chemical values of the water quality indicators. This study demonstrated that the total number of benthic macroinvertebrates taxa (TS) is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids, the water flow, the river area, and the current speed; the number of EPT (Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies)) taxa is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids. The studied indicators do not have a significant impact on biomass. The SHPs affect the fish abundance and biomass. The Lithuanian fish index (LFI) is influenced by the average depth and area of the river. Some SHPs operating in lowland areas may yield somewhat significant hydrograph ramping but more detailed investigation is needed to support the significance of this impact on the biological indices.

Biolixiviation des métaux lourds et stabilisation des boues d'épuration : essai en bioréacteur opéré en mode cuvée

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Tyagi ◽  
J. F. Blais ◽  
N. Meunier ◽  
D. Kluepfel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Batch Time ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A biological process of heavy metals solubilization and sewage sludge stabilization was studied in a batch reactor of 30-L capacity. The acclimatized leaching microflora was composed of two major groups of thiobacilli: less acidophilic and acidophilic. A batch time of 10 days allows a substantial metal solubilization: cadmium (100%), copper (80%), manganese (80%), nickel (46%), and zinc (100%). The bioleaching process also causes a significative decrease in sludge total suspended solids (25%) and volatile suspended solids (32%), and a considerable reduction (under the detection limit of 10 cfu∙mL−1) of indicator bacteria (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci). After filtration or centrifugation of the leached sludge, the solubilized metals were precipitated by lime neutralization. The phosphorus and potassium sludge contents were not affected by bioleaching process. These results indicate that the process of sludge digestion and metal leaching can be conducted in parallel in the same reactor. Key words: sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioleaching, stabilization, thiobacilli, elemental sulfur.

Repeated freeze–thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 115353
Author(s):  
Kaizad F. Patel ◽  
Corianne Tatariw ◽  
Jean D. MacRae ◽  
Tsutomu Ohno ◽  
Sarah J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Freeze Thaw
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