scholarly journals The Mobility and/or Fixity of Urban and Planning Policies – The Role of Divergent Urban Planning Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hamedinger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Policy Mobilities

Cities and regions are increasingly interconnected on a global scale. In the process of the making of cities and regions policy actors increasingly rely on globally flowing and very mobile urban policy models, which have been originally developed in different socio-spatial contexts. Simultaneously the search for these policies and their implementation is refracted by local/regional factors, which are relatively fixed as they are rooted in historically produced planning cultures. In this conceptual paper governance change is discussed through looking at the interplay between fixity and motion in urban development. For this purpose approaches to planning cultures and policy mobilities are related to each other theoretically.

scholarly journals From TOD to TAC: Why and How Transport and Urban Policy Needs to Shift to Regenerating Main Road Corridors with New Transit Systems

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Peter Newman ◽  
Sebastian Davies-Slate ◽  
Daniel Conley ◽  
Karlson Hargroves ◽  
Mike Mouritz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Road Corridors

The need for transit oriented development (TOD) around railway stations has been well accepted and continues to be needed in cities looking to regenerate both transit and urban development. Large parts of suburban areas remain without quality transit down main roads that are usually filled with traffic resulting in reduced urban value. The need to regenerate both the mobility and land development along such roads will likely be the next big agenda in transport and urban policy. This paper learns from century-old experiences in public–private approaches to railway-based urban development from around the world, along with innovative insights from the novel integration of historical perspectives, entrepreneurship theory and urban planning to create the notion of a “Transit Activated Corridor” (TAC). TACs prioritize fast transit and a string of station precincts along urban main roads. The core policy processes for a TAC are outlined with some early case studies. Five design principles for delivering a TAC are presented in this paper, three principles from entrepreneurship theory and two from urban planning. The potential for new mid-tier transit like trackless trams to enable TACs is used to illustrate how these design processes can be an effective approach for designing, financing and delivering a “Transit Activated Corridor”.

scholarly journals Intra-urban connectedness, policy mobilities and creative city-making: national conservatism vs. urban (neo)liberalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borén ◽  
Patrycja Grzyś ◽  
Craig Young
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Creative City ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
The City

This article aims to advance the literature on policy mobility by decentring the primacy of mobility itself and focusing on understanding what cities do in order to ‘arrive at’ localized versions of urban policy in relation to globally circulating ideas around creativity. The paper explores the performance of a particular local ‘creative economy’ in terms of institutional and strategic adjustments, key drivers and individuals and events, and the role of long-term local, national and international influences on ‘creative cityness’. It does this through an analysis of cultural and creativity policy and local stakeholders in the cultural policy scene in Gdańsk, Poland, focusing on the local performative aspects of mobile policies and arguing the need to understand the formation of a ‘common local project’ as a form of intra-urban connectedness alongside inter-urban connectedness. The paper extends the range of contexts in which the ‘creative city’ has been analysed to include post-socialist, post-European Union accession Central and Eastern Europe, thus making an original contribution by studying these issues in the context of the complex multi-scalar relations between the city, national government and the supranational European Union and the ideological conflict between national authoritarian neoliberalism and urban and supranational scale (neo-)liberalism.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Cayo Costa ◽  
Sugie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Over Time

Many cities evolve over time, but some are designed from scratch. Brasília is presented as a unique case on urban planning for having been built from figuratively nothing, based on a design concept that was the brainchild of Brazilian urbanist Lucio Costa. The present study aimed to analyze the interrelation between urban planning and spatial structure change over time to understand the role of urban development policies on the spatial organization of Brasília. The study was conducted based on three interrelated aspects: (1) The intentions of the plans, (2) territorial governance, and (3) external conditions. The results showed that the circumstances of territory occupation—characterized by a polycentric development system with dispersed satellite cities economically dependent on Brasília—have been gradually replaced by strategic development policies, mainly influenced by social and political driving forces. Accordingly, this research suggests a reconsideration of the scale of development instrumentations based on a better understanding of the metropolitan area of Brasília as a unique structure by strengthening its interrelations and seeking better coordination of interests and adaptability of governance processes.

scholarly journals The role of mobile policies in coalition building: The Barcelona model as coalition magnet in Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro (1989–1996)

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802093980
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silvestre ◽  
Guillermo Jajamovich
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Global North ◽  
Key Policy

Research on policy mobility has tended to focus on what moves (e.g. policy models, templates) and who moves them (e.g. consultants, international organisations), with less attention paid to the relational politics of grounding dominant ideas in local policymaking. The ‘demand side’ at the end of the mobilisation process (e.g. local authorities and policy actors) is usually depicted as passive or as having stable interests. This assumption is problematic as it can reinforce taken-for-granted power asymmetries in the flow of urban policy ideas, particularly in cases where cities in the Global North are presented as ‘exporting sites’ for a Global South audience of ‘importing sites’. Drawing on the concept of policy ideas as ‘coalition magnets’ from policy studies, this article demonstrates how local policies are relationally produced by cosmopolitan policy actors on the ‘demand side’ who strategically mobilise circulating ideas as a tool for coalition building. We provide a relational comparative study of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro’s policy processes and urban outcomes in mobilising the Barcelona model of urban regeneration and strategic planning, drawing on evidence from interviews, document analysis and the biographies of key policy actors. We demonstrate the strategic importance of mobile policies for emerging political actors who employ them as a ‘coalition magnet’ to build support for their governments.

scholarly journals Failure matters: Reassembling eco-urbanism in a globalizing China

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Catherine Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Dominant Focus ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Global North ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
North And South

This paper is an attempt to reassess the role of failure in policy mobilities. Empirically, this paper examines the various aftermaths of, and the continuing trans-local connections originating from, the prominent but un-materialized Sino-British Shanghai-Dongtan eco-city—with a particular consideration on its relation with a subsequently realized project—the Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city. The findings reveal that despite its apparent failure, Dongtan eco-city established a set of urban planning procedures adopted by many, including those who designed and delivered the Tianjin eco-city. Meanwhile, Dongtan’s failure to materialize motivated the Chinese government to pursue collaboration with the Singaporean government over the increased involvement of private Western partners. The intent to avoid association with Dongtan’s failure also fostered a new eco-urbanism model based on rebranding the planning practices of Singapore’s public housing. Parts of Dongtan eco-city have also lived on through the international circulation of a piece of planning software that was first developed for the failed project. This paper contributes to the policy mobilities literature by challenging its dominant focus on successful exemplars and exploring how a project fails in implementation yet parts of it remain mobile, influential and present in other developments. This paper also advances the understanding of contemporary urban sustainability by revealing how eco-urbanism models are co-produced in this globalizing era between the global North and South, as well as within the global South.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável: uma contradição de termos?

2000 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Heloisa Soares de Moura Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Urban Analysis ◽  
Different Origins

Poucos conceitos têm sido tão amplamente utilizados como o de desenvolvimento sustentável, num aparente consenso revelador mais de imprecisão do que de clareza em torno de seu significado. Com base em uma revisão de abordagens recentes, argumenta-se que a noção de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável traz consigo conflitos teóricos de difícil, porém não impossível, reconciliação: a) entre as trajetórias da análise ambiental e da análise urbana que, originando-se em áreas do conhecimento diferentes, confluíram na proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) entre formulações teóricas e propostas de intervenção, traduzindo-se no distanciamento entre análise social/urbana crítica e planejamento urbano. São examinadas propostas de planejamento que adotam o discurso e/ou pressupostos de sustentabilidade urbana, discutindo exemplos da literatura internacional — as cidades compactas européias, o movimento californiano por cidades sustentáveis — e, no caso brasileiro, a experiência recente de planejamento urbano em Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; desenvolvimento sustentável; meio ambiente; política urbana. Abstract: Few concepts have been so widely adopted as sustainable urban development, an apparent consensus revealing more imprecision than coherence of meaning. The paper discusses some aspects of such theoretical and conceptual fragility as a contribution to building an alternative for the future. The concept is considered to have been worn out by excessive fashionable repetition. The paper argues, however, based on a review of recent approaches ranging from political economy to the contributions of political ecology and post-structuralism, that the concept of sustainable urban development embodies conflicts that are difficult but not impossible to solve: a) the conflict between the different origins of and paths followed by environmental analysis and urban analysis, both converging on the proposition of sustainable development; b) the conflict between theory and practice represented by the growing distance between critical social/urban analysis and urban planning. Finally, some planning proposals are examined as examples of adoption of the discourse and assumptions of sustainable development. They are the European compact city proposal; the Californian sustainable cities movement; and, in the Brazilian case, the recent urban planning experience in Belo Horizonte.Keywords: urban planning; sustainable development; environment; urban policy.

scholarly journals IDENTITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
E.V. Alzemeneva ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Mamaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
The City

Modern research on the sustainability of the urban environment mainly focuses on environmental factors like water, air, energy and transport, while urban identity rarely attracts attention. The concept of sustainability, which includes the identity of the urban environment, combines a wide range of factors, including urban planning and architectural objects, natural, geographical, cultural products and social norms. With modern architectural and urban development and globalization, cities are increasingly facing the problem of losing their original identity. In the context of the concept of the identity of the urban environment considered in this study, the role of urban planning objects, architecture and culture in the formation and maintenance of the unique identity of the city of Astrakhan and the need for considerable attention to the resource of identity for the development of the city and the region is stressed.

scholarly journals Urban Structure, Energy and Planning: Findings from Three Cities in Sweden, Finland and Estonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Große ◽  
Christian Fertner ◽  
Niels Boje Groth
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Functional Relations

Transforming energy use in cities to address the threats of climate change and resource scarcity is a major challenge in urban development. This study takes stock of the state of energy in urban policy and planning and reveals potentials of and constraints to energy-efficient urban development. The relationship between energy and urban structure provides a framework for discussing the role of urban planning to increase energy efficiency in cities by means of three in-depth case studies of medium-sized cities in Northern Europe: Eskilstuna in Sweden, Turku in Finland and Tartu in Estonia. In some ways these cities go ahead when it comes to their national climate and energy policies and aim to establish urban planning as an instrument to regulate and influence the city’s transition in a sustainable way. At the same time, the cities are constantly facing goal conflicts and limitations to their scope of action, which creates dilemmas in their strategic orientation and planning activities (e.g. regional enlargement and increased commuting vs. compact urban development). Finally, considering urban form and spatial structure along with the policy context as well as regional drivers and functional relations is suggested as a suitable approach for addressing the challenges of energy-efficient urban development.

scholarly journals Sustainable Empowerment as a Tool to Activate Brownfield

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Mays K. Hamdan ◽  
Shaimaa Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The redevelopment of brownfields participate to sustainable urban development, it can make cities more valuable worth for community and more attractive for companies to settle down their projects through investment, and it can help to reduce expenditures for the construction of infrastructures and other services. Recent studies in brownfield redevelopment and investment have shown great interest in urban planning studies because of their negative effects on cities, they promoted sprawl, pollution, social and economic problems. There is a general agreement among researchers and experts that brownfield sites can be reused as green spaces, commerce centers, and residential projects. To promote sustainable urban development the role of the community must be strengthened and enabled to participate in the development process. The partnership between stakeholders such as community development organizations and investors are critical to promoting both communications and build confidence, which are important elements to a sustainable redevelopment program. The paper Highlights the role of community participation including society, public-private sector and local organization in activating brownfield projects through analysis several projects, from this analysis we point out that most of the brownfield project need huge corporation between community and public and private sector in addition to various disciplines such as urban planning, policy management and economic and environment aspect

scholarly journals The Energoprojekt building in Belgrade, designed by architect Milica Šterić: High modernism as a paradigm of urban conservation

Nasledje ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Rade Mrlješ
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Urban Conservation ◽  
Analytical Basis ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
The City

In examining the urban heritage, which has often been fragmented in Belgrade as a result of different social and political circumstances, the issue of the choice of methodology is often raised in urban conservation. The present paper will propose to consider along these lines the role of high (second) Modernism in the architecture and urban development of Belgrade. The strategies of urban conservation focusing on the main issue of the synthesis of the historical and planned structure would be directed towards the Modernist phenomena which are established as a platform structure of the urban conservation of Belgrade's spatial cultural and historical units. The present research analyses the potential and possibilities of implementing the postulates of the Modernist creative efforts in the contemporary architectural, urban planning and conservation theory and practice, with the analytical basis in the seminal work of architect Milica Šterić (1914-1997) - the Energoprojekt building (1956-1960), located in Zeleni Venac Square in Belgrade. This study, which is based on certain aspects of the high Modernism, namely rationalism and neutrality, aims to point out a number of issues in the current globalist textualism, in which concepts of high Modernism and internationalism are evidently manipulated in the historical urban contexts of the city.

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