scholarly journals Reviewing the potential use of scaffold-mediated localized chemotherapy in oncology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Archana A Gupta ◽  
Supriya Kheur ◽  
A. Thirumal Raj ◽  
Ravindra V. Badhe ◽  
Ramesh. R. Bhonde
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Residual Cancer ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Interim Period

Abstract Post-surgical recurrence and metastasis remain to be the major concern in oncology. The absence of any therapeutic modality during the interim period between the surgical intervention and initiation of conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy allows the residual cancer cells to proliferate, culminating in recurrence and/or metastasis. Introducing a therapeutic modality during this interim period could suppress the proliferation of the residual tumor cells. Further, as the detrimental effects of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy drastically reduce the patient’s quality of life, use of therapeutic modality with localized effect can reduce the risk of systemic toxicity. Thus, the present manuscript reviews the potential use of scaffold-mediated local chemotherapy in oncology. Its localized effect would prevent systemic toxicity, while the scaffold serves as an ideal vehicle for the sustained targeted delivery of therapeutic agents.

Macrophage membrane coated nanoparticles: a biomimetic approach for enhanced and targeted delivery

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafeesa Khatoon ◽  
Zefei Zhang ◽  
Chunhui Zhou ◽  
Maoquan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Macrophage Membrane

The enhanced and targeted drug delivery with low systemic toxicity and subsequent release of drugs is the major concern among researchers and pharmaceutics. Inspite of greater advancement and discoveries in...

Mini-review: Childhood-onset Craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Otte ◽  
Hermann L Müller
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Grade Malignancy

Abstract Craniopharyngiomas are rare embryonic malformational tumors of the sellar/parasellar region, classified by the WHO as tumors with low-grade malignancy (WHO I°). The childhood adamantinomatous subtype of craniopharyngioma is usually cystic with calcified areas. At the time of diagnosis, hypothalamic/pituitary deficits, visual disturbances and increased intracranial pressure are major symptoms. The treatment of choice in case of favorable tumor location (without hypothalamic involvement) is complete resection. It is important to ensure that optical and hypothalamic functionality are preserved. In case of unfavorable tumor location, i.e. with hypothalamic involvement, a hypothalamus-sparing surgical strategy with subsequent local irradiation of residual tumor is recommended. In the further course of the disease, recurrences and progression often occur. Nevertheless, overall survival rates are high at 92%. Severe impairment of quality of life and comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypothalamic obesity and neurological consequences can be observed in patients with disease- and/or treatment-related lesions of hypothalamic structures. Childhood-onset craniopharyngioma frequently manifests as a chronic disease so that patients require lifelong, continuous care by experienced multidisciplinary teams to manage clinical and quality of life consequences.For this review, a search for original articles and reviews published between 1986 and 2020 was performed in Pubmed, Science Citation Index Expanded, EMBASE and Scopus. The search terms used were “craniopharyngioma, hypothalamus, pituitary obesity, irradiation, neurosurgery”.

CBIO-19. GENOME SHREDDING ENABLES CRISPR-MEDIATED GLIOBLASTOMA ONCOLYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi31-vi31
Author(s):  
Christof Fellmann ◽  
I-Li Tan ◽  
Alexendar Perez ◽  
Rachel Lew ◽  
Karen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Innovative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Epigenetic Profile ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults 1. Despite multimodal treatment regimens including surgical resection, radio- and chemotherapy, the growth of residual tumor often results in therapy resistance and ultimately death. GBMs are highly diffuse and exhibit extensive intratumoral heterogeneity 2,3, confounding diagnostic efforts and presenting opportunities for therapy evasion. Therefore, innovative treatment paradigms that can efficiently eliminate GBM cells irrespective of their mutational and epigenetic profile are urgently needed. CRISPR technologies have revolutionized medicine by enabling targeted genome editing through RNA-guided introduction of DNA double-strand breaks 4,5. Here, we show that CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome fragmentation through targeting of highly repetitive loci, termed “genome shredding”, enables rapid and robust elimination of GBM cells. We characterized genome shredding across mammalian and vertebrate cells, and identified optimal repetitive pan-vertebrate and species-specific loci. Genome shredding is equally effective in temozolomide (TMZ)-sensitive and -resistant GBM cells, and multi-cycle treatment regimens are feasible. Importantly, when deployed in intracerebral GBM xenografts through local delivery, CRISPR-Cas9 genome shredding efficiently eliminated all targeted cells. Together, genome shredding enables the rapid and efficient fragmentation of a target cell’s genome and subsequent DNA damage-induced cell death. This provides an innovative treatment paradigm that is independent of a tumor’s mutational and epigenetic profile and leverages CRISPR-Cas9 as a breakthrough therapeutic modality for GBM.

scholarly journals Positive Effect of Electroacupuncture Treatment on Gut Motility in Constipated Mice Is Related to Rebalancing the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mingmin Xu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment

Functional constipation (FC) is a common and often recurrent functional bowel disorder that seriously affects the quality of life of affected individuals and incurs a significant economic burden on both the individual and society. There is accumulating evidence that intestinal dysbiosis contributes to constipation and that rebalancing the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic modality for FC. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to restore the gut microbiota to normal levels in a variety of diseases. Additionally, several high-quality clinical studies have confirmed that EA is an effective, sustained, and safe treatment for FC. However, whether the effects of EA are secondary to changes in the gut microbiota and how EA modulates intestinal dysbiosis induced by constipation are unknown. Therefore, here, we focused on the potential regulatory mechanisms of EA on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice by analyzing structural changes in the gut microbiota. Our results showed that EA treatment effectively rebalanced the gut microbiota of constipated mice, mainly by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which may represent one way in which EA promotes gastrointestinal motility and alleviates constipation. Our findings lay the foundation for further mechanistic and clinical research into the application of EA in patients with FC.

Potential Use of Plant‐Based By‐Products and Waste to Improve the Quality of Gluten‐Free Foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziana Difonzo ◽  
Giuditta Gennaro ◽  
Antonella Pasqualone ◽  
Francesco Caponio
Keyword(s):  
Gluten Free ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

Efficacy of Endoscopic Posterior Nasal Neurectomy in Treating Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Manman Chen ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Xuefeng Lei ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sinonasal Outcome Test ◽  
Random Number Table ◽  
Group B

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Recent guidelines have revealed that eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) exhibits a strong tendency for recurrence after surgery and impairs quality of life. Neuropeptides play an important neuroimmunological role. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) for the treatment of ECRS by inhibiting type 2 cytokine expression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Forty-six patients were divided into group A and group B according to a random number table. Group A underwent conventional functional endoscopic sinusitis surgery (FESS) combined with PNN, and group B underwent conventional FESS alone. The subjective and objective symptoms included a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), 22-item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score, nasal speculum Lund-Kennedy score, and paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) Lund-Mackay score at the 1-year postoperative follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Postoperative VAS (10.33 ± 2.18 vs. 8.38 ± 2.11, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and Lund-Kennedy score (1.95 ± 1.32 vs. 3.14 ± 1.35, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) were significantly improved. The rhinorrhea score (1.76 ± 0.83 vs. 2.90 ± 1.14, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) in the VAS and the discharge (0.43 ± 0.51, vs. 0.95 ± 0.67, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and edema (0.57 ± 0.60 vs. 0.95 ± 0.59, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) scores in the Lund-Kennedy score were observed to have improved significantly in group A compared with those in group B. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FESS combined with PNN suppresses edema symptoms, which might significantly decrease the surgical recurrence rate of ECRS in the long term.

Quality of Drinking Water in Benin (West Africa): Analysis of the Potential Use of the “Songhaï” Ceramic Filter

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Roch Christian Johnson ◽  
Gratien Boni ◽  
Cyriaque Degbey ◽  
Karel Togbe ◽  
Hermione Amoukpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Potential Use

Surgical Approach to Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. S47-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Goss ◽  
S D'Amico ◽  
A Mobiglia ◽  
A Sargiotto ◽  
M Deandrea
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Background Precautionary locoregional lymph node dissection in thyroid carcinomas for diagnostic and/or staging purposes is useless both in differentiated (papillary and follicular) and undifferentiated forms. It is only indicated in medullary carcinomas because of their frequent spread to regional lymph nodes. The objective of lymphadenectomy is to contain tumor spread; however, the procedure may be associated with intraoperative complications and postoperative sequelae. In order to improve the therapeutic management of patients with thyroid carcinoma, diagnostic scintigraphy with 201Tl or 99mTc-sestamibi is used in the advanced and undifferentiated forms of this tumor. Methods We have treated a woman submitted three years previously to total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma (pT3) without subsequent radiometabolic treatment. On physical examination we noticed a swelling on the left side of the neck. The lesion was confirmed by ultrasonography, CT scan, and scintigraphic examination with 99mTc-sestamibi 24 hours before planned lymphadenectomy. During the surgical procedure we performed radiodetection to localize metastatic lesions. Results Intraoperative radiodetection may help to identify residual disease, which is often difficult to trace in the presence of post-surgical fibrosis. In our patient, histological examination of the removed tissue specimens demonstrated that intraoperative radiolocalization had been highly accurate. The eradication of residual disease was confirmed by scintigraphic follow-up after 12 months. Discussion and conclusions Scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi has been proposed as a means to localize metastatic spread and possible residual disease after a supposedly radical thyroidectomy. Surgical eradication of all residual tumor guarantees the best disease control without having to resort to radiometabolic therapy. This approach will reduce the incidence of iatrogenic comorbidity and consequently improve the patients' quality of life.

scholarly journals Rain water quality assessment as air quality indicator in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
G Yaqub ◽  
A Hamid ◽  
S Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into

Rain is an effective way for removing pollutants from the atmosphere. The present study was initiated to determine rain water quality for its safe use as potable water, as well as a tool for indirect evaluation of air quality of different study areas. A total of 20 rain water samples were collected from areas including Kasur, Sheikhupura, Gujranwala and Lahore. The pH (5.49 + 0.323), turbidity (12.267 + 5.933NTU), Cl- (4785 + 1458.32ppm) and F- (16.44 + 4.52ppm) contents of samples are not in compliance with drinking water quality limits (Pakistan, WHO). Average sulphate (1.396 + 0.384 ppm) and NO3 − concentrations (52.35 + 12.11ppm) varied between 1.005-2.05ppm and 36.79-81.3ppm, respectively. Heavy metals analysis showed presence of Cu, Co, Mn and Zn concentrations below WHO limits while Cd and Pb concentrations exceeded WHO limits with values ranging between 0.005ppm-0.017ppm and 19ppm-254ppm, respectively . Findings indicate that rain water can provide an insight into the air quality of an area and its potential use as an alternative to drinking water, especially in areas of short domestic water supply. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 161-168, 2019

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