scholarly journals Subgingival Microbial Profile And Production Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Chronic Periodontitis

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velichka T. Dosseva-Panova ◽  
Christina L. Popova ◽  
Vladimir E. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

ABSTRACT This review examines literature data concerning the bacterial findings in chronic periodontitis depending on pocket depth, and presents the latest published information on the presence of proinflammatory factors in periodontal environment. It has been found that chronic periodontitis affects as much as 80% of the middle-aged population; by comparison, the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis reaches up to 1-1.5%. It is accepted that this social disease is multifactorial in etiology, but the evidence in the literature suggests that the levels of specifi c Gram-negative organisms in subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Of the many bacterial species inhabiting the periodontal environment, three types - Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Treponema denticola (TD), Tannerella forsythia (TF) - are strongly associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Microbiological studies suggest that Porphyromonas gingivalis should be considered a major etiologic agent. Currently, Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. On the other hand, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis may be related to the severity of the disease and thus modify the therapeutic plan. The increased amount of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival area can activate a cascade of defense mechanisms of the body associated with the production of factors causing infl ammation and destruction, which suggests a correlation between the bacterial findings and the body response implemented by enhancing the local cytokine expression. Studies in the literature show that the presence of certain micro-organisms in the periodontal environment is associated to increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingival fluid and gingival tissue. These levels have been associated with destructive tissues response. There is little evidence in the literature on the correlation of the levels of periodontal pathogens of sites with different pocket depth with periodontal disease activity defined by the degree of the proinflammatory cytokine expression such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6 ).

Assessment of the Plasma/Serum IgG Test to Screen for Periodontitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kudo ◽  
K. Naruishi ◽  
H. Maeda ◽  
Y. Abiko ◽  
T. Hino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

Chronic periodontitis is a silent infectious disease prevalent worldwide and affects lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, efficient screening of patients is essential for general health. This study was performed to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic utility of a blood IgG antibody titer test against periodontal pathogens. Oral examination was performed, and IgG titers against periodontal pathogens were measured by ELISA in 1,387 individuals. The cut-off value of the IgG titer was determined in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and changes in periodontal clinical parameters and IgG titers by periodontal treatment were evaluated. The relationships between IgG titers and severity of periodontitis were analyzed. The best cut-off value of IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis for screening periodontitis was 1.682. Both clinical parameters and IgG titers decreased significantly under periodontal treatment. IgG titers of periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, especially in those with sites of probing pocket depth over 4 mm. Multiplied cut-off values were useful to select patients with severe periodontitis. A blood IgG antibody titer test for Porphyromonas gingivalis is useful to screen hitherto chronic periodontitis patients (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01658475).

scholarly journals In Situ Anabolic Activity of Periodontal Pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis in Chronic Periodontitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralee Spooner ◽  
Kris M. Weigel ◽  
Peter L. Harrison ◽  
KyuLim Lee ◽  
Gerard A. Cangelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Filifactor Alocis

scholarly journals Effects of initial periodontal therapy on the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese chronic periodontitis patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Kato ◽  
Yorinobu Ikeda ◽  
Kenichi Imai ◽  
Yorimasa Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Background Initial periodontal therapy (IPT) is cornerstone of periodontal therapy and the first step to control of periodontal risk factors. Scaling and root planing are used to treat root surface irregularities and remove virulent factors caused by periodontal pathogens. This procedure also incorporated into periodontal surgery. To elucidate the effects of IPT on prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis, we used subgingival plaque samples from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Methods Seventeen CP patients were recruited and measured periodontal clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP), and subgingival plaque samples were collected from two periodontal sites with PD of <3 mm (healthy sites: HS) or >5 mm (periodontitis sites: PS) at first visit and after IPT. Plaque samples were subjected to a real-time PCR to detect EBV DNA and P. gingivalis. Results EBV DNA and P. gingivalis were detected 9 (52.9%) and 14 (82.3%) in the subgingival samples from HS, and 13 (76.5%) and 14 (82.3%) in the PS at first visit. After IPT, number of detections of EBV DNA and P. gingivalis were decreased to 5 (29.4%) and 13 (76.5%) in the HS, and 9 (52.9%) and 10 (58.8%) in the PS. Significant improvements in PD and BOP were observed after IPT in PS. Coexistence of EBV DNA and P. gingivalis in the subgingival samples from PS at first visit (12; 70.6%) were significantly decreased after IPT (6; 35.3%). Conclusion These results suggest that the IPT was effective in improvement of clinical parameters such as PD and BOP and reducing the coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis in the subgingival plaque from PS. However, IPT could not eradicate the EBV and P. gingivalis. Further research would be necessary for improving the periodontal treatment strategy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Scaling and Root Planning on Salivary TNF-α and IL-1α Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoome Eivazi ◽  
Negar Falahi ◽  
Nastaran Eivazi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Eivazi ◽  
Asad Vaisi Raygani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Objective:Periodontitis is one of the main diseases in the oral cavity that causes tooth loss. The host immune response and inflammatory factors have important role in periodontal tissue. The current study was done with the objective to determine the effect of scaling and root planning on the salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α).Methods:In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, 29 patients with chronic periodontitis and 29 healthy subjects without periodontitis were studied. Clinical examination findings and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α (using ELISA method) were compared before and after scaling, root planning.Results:Before starting treatment, salivary TNF-α and IL-1α concentrations were higher in healthy control group than in periodontitis group (P< 0.05). Non-surgical treatment increased the concentration of these two biomarkers in the saliva. However, increase in IL-1α concentration was not statistically significant (P= 0.056). There was a negative relationship between TNF-α and IL-1α levels with pocket depth and attachment loss (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Scaling and root planning improved periodontal disease indices and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α levels.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis and its impact on periodontal health and systemic diseases. A concise review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Pablo Jasma ◽  
Patricio Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Systemic Health

Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, associated to a dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by the progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment. Clinical studies have revealed the presence of 10 to 15 bacterial species that are potential periodontal pathogens in adults. From these, the most cited are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. The aim of this article is to review P. gingivalis’ characteristics and impact on periodontal and systemic health. Different studies have reported a relation between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal disease. P. gingivalis was one of the most frequently detected species in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. This is due to its unique ability to avoid the host’s immune response and contribute to the development of the destructive process. P. gingivalis, although only present in low frequency, is pathogenic because of its ability to induce dysbiotic microbial communities. There is more evidence that P. gingivalis might invade cardiovascular cells and tissues causing inflammation. It has been suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the development of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The repeated exposure to P. gingivalis, produces neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and formation of intra and extracellular amyloid plaques, which are pathognomonic signs of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Association of haptoglobin and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 alleles with heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh ◽  
Ahmad Reza Ebadian ◽  
Zahra Alizadeh Tabari ◽  
Reza Amid ◽  
Anahita Moscowchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Macrophage Protein ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background. This study aimed to assess the association of haptoglobin (HP) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) alleles with the presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in a group of Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 69 eligible chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis patients selected from Shahid Beheshti Dental School. The periodontally diseased individuals had at least three teeth with clinical attachment loss of ≥3 mm and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥3 mm in at least two quadrants. Peri-implant PPD of at least one site was ≥5 mm with or without suppuration and bleeding on probing. A plaque index of >20% and a radiographic crestal bone loss was present in at least one site around the implant. The paper point method was used for sampling from the deepest periodontal/peri-implant pocket of each tooth or implant for the DNA checkerboard hybridization technique. Statistical analyses were performed with PASW Statistics 18.0. The variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies (%). Results. An Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) score of 1–2 was 5.8 times more frequent in HP 2, rs1723540 G, and rs2276631 G alleles. A Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) score of 1–2 was 4.8 times more common in the subjects carrying HP 2, rs1723540 G, and rs2276631 G alleles compared with HP 1, rs1723540 A, and rs2276631 A alleles. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it seems that there was a relationship between HP and NRAMP1 allele frequencies and the presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in the Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis evaluated in the present study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus aureus species in adults with generalized chronic periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Aretuza FRITOLI ◽  
Eduardo LOBÃO ◽  
Geisla Soares ◽  
Belén RETAMAL-VALDES ◽  
Magda FERES
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Warneri ◽  
Percentage Points

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and quantify the levels of three bacterial species that have recently been identified as potential “new” periodontal pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus warneri) in subjects with periodontal health and generalized chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty adults with generalized chronic periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy were included in this study. Nine subgingival biofilm samples were collected per subject and individually analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Results: The mean levels of E. faecalis and S. warneri were higher in chronic periodontitis than in periodontal health (p<0.05). Furthermore, a higher percentage of subjects with periodontitis were colonized by the three species evaluated in comparison with healthy subjects (p<0.05). This represented a difference of 40 percentage points between the two groups, for E. faecalis (present in 90% of individuals with periodontitis and 50% of the healthy individuals) and S. warneri (100% and 60%, respectively), and 26 percentage points for S. aureus (86% and 60%, respectively). Conclusion: E. faecalis and S. warneri have the potential to be periodontal pathogens. The role of S. aureus was less evident, since this species was more prevalent and at relatively higher levels in health than the other two species. These data might guide future studies on the role of these microorganisms in the etiology of periodontitis and help to establish more effective treatments for these infections.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Reactivation Induced by the Periodontal Pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4 and 9 Activation in Monocytes/Macrophages

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1417-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio A. González ◽  
Mengtao Li ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ebersole ◽  
Chifu B. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tlr9 Activation ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Although oral coinfections (e.g., periodontal disease) are highly prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive (HIV-1+) patients and appear to positively correlate with viral load levels, the potential for oral bacteria to induce HIV-1 reactivation in latently infected cells has received little attention. We showed that HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter activation can be induced by periodontopathogens in monocytes/macrophages; nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in this response remain undetermined. Since Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and TLR9 activation have been involved in HIV-1 recrudescence, we sought to determine the role of these TLRs in HIV-1 reactivation induced by the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis using BF24 monocytes/macrophages stably transfected with the HIV-1 promoter driving chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression and THP89GFP cells, a model of HIV-1 latency. We demonstrated that TLR9 activation by F. nucleatum and TLR2 activation by both bacteria appear to be involved in HIV-1 reactivation; however, TLR4 activation had no effect. Moreover, the autocrine activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) but not interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced in response to bacteria could impact viral reactivation. The transcription factors NF-κB and Sp1 appear to be positively regulating HIV-1 reactivation induced by these oral pathogens. These results suggest that oral Gram-negative bacteria (F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis) associated with oral and systemic chronic inflammatory disorders enhance HIV-1 reactivation in monocytes/macrophages through TLR2 and TLR9 activation in a mechanism that appears to be transcriptionally regulated. Increased bacterial growth and emergence of these bacteria or their products accompanying chronic oral inflammatory diseases could be risk modifiers for viral replication, systemic immune activation, and AIDS progression in HIV-1+ patients.

New Bacterial Species Associated with Chronic Periodontitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Kumar ◽  
A.L. Griffen ◽  
J.A. Barton ◽  
B.J. Paster ◽  
M.L. Moeschberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽  
Species Specific

Recent investigations of the human subgingival oral flora based on ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing have shown many of the bacterial species present to be novel species or phylotypes. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify potential periodontal pathogens among these newly identified species and phylotypes. Species-specific ribosomal 16S primers for PCR amplification were developed for detection of new species. Associations with chronic periodontitis were observed for several new species or phylotypes, including uncultivated clones D084 and BH017 from the Deferribacteres phylum, AU126 from the Bacteroidetes phylum, Megasphaera clone BB166, clone X112 from the OP11 phylum, and clone I025 from the TM7 phylum, and the named species Eubacterium saphenum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella denticola, and Cryptobacterium curtum. Species or phylotypes more prevalent in periodontal health included two uncultivated phylotypes, clone W090 from the Deferribacteres phylum and clone BU063 from the Bacteroidetes, and named species Atopobium rimae and Atopobium parvulum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document