Morphometric Characteristics of the Extreme Eastern Algerian Domestic Donkey (Equus asinus)

AbstractThe aim of this study was to define the morphometric variability of the extreme Eastern Algerian donkeys. The study was carried out from June to December 2018 in El-Tarf, Souk-Ahras, and Tebessa provinces. The study population involved 65 individuals (32 jacks and 33 jennies) between the ages of 3 and 16 years old. In total, 13 body measurements were used, and 5 zootechnical indexes were calculated. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied in order to establish an ethnic and functional classification of this particular subspecies. The qualitative data demonstrated that the coat colour was variable. Bay and greyish colours were dominant with a respective rate of 61.5 % and 38.5 %, respectively. The head, the nose, as well as the eyes contour colours were mainly grey with 52.3 %, 58.5 % and 50.8 % respectively. The partial absence of the coat particularities was observed. The population presented a significate relationship between the quantitative characters (P < 0.05). The donkeys were longilinear, of a rectilinear profile, compact with massive trends. They had a hyper-metric format. The animals are good for meat production. The General Linear Model (GLM) showed that the body measurements were variable by sex and body mass. The principal component analysis (PCA), the multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) and the ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) revealed that the population was composed of 2 clusters representing 4 animal classes. This study was the first report on the phenotypic characterization of donkeys in the extreme Eastern Algerian area, based on corporal measurements. The results indicated the existence of heterogeneity and suggested the possibilities of genetic improvement within the species.

Download Full-text

Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1401125o ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 125-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.M. Ogah ◽

M. Kabir

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Components ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Dependence Structure ◽

Muscovy Duck ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Male And Female ◽

Size And Shape

Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCs at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.

Download Full-text

Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in West African cattle sires

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-59-337-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amadou Traoré ◽

Delphin O. Koudandé ◽

Iván Fernández ◽

Albert Soudré ◽

Isabel Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cattle Breed ◽

Principal Component ◽

West African ◽

The Body ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Qualitative Traits ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

African Cattle ◽

Type Traits

Abstract. A total of 183 adult sires belonging to nine West African cattle breeds sampled in 67 villages of Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin were assessed for 16 body measurements and 18 qualitative traits. Within type of cattle (zebu, sanga or taurine), the different breeds analysed showed large differences in body measurements. In general, taurine breeds had lower average values than the zebu breeds while sanga cattle tended to have intermediate values. Principal component analysis identified three factors characterising body measurements. Factor 1 summarised the information provided by those traits characterising the size of the individuals and explained 59.0 % of the variability. Factor 2 tended to gather information characterising the body width and explained 8.0 % of the variation. Less representative, Factor 3 (6.6 % of the variability) had no clear interpretation. Qualitative traits did not allow to distinguish among either cattle groups or breeds. Two Correspondence Analysis Dimensions computed on qualitative traits (explaining 26.2 and 15.5 % of the variability, respectively) did not allow to differentiate between zebu, sanga or taurine cattle breeds. Our results confirm that, in the framework of a general appearance, body measurements are the main criteria for differentiating West African cattle breeds. Furthermore, the current research has not allowed to identify breeding preferences on qualitative type traits in West African cattle sires. Therefore, homogenisation of the appearance of individuals within cattle breed is not expected.

Download Full-text

Principal component analysis of the exterior traits in dairy cows

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7910 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (79) ◽

Author(s):

S. Kramarenko ◽

N. Kuzmicheva ◽

A. Kramarenko

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

State Enterprise ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Generalized Variance ◽

Diagonal Length

The present study was undertaken to study the relationship between different body measurements and to develop unobservable factors (latent) to define which of these measurements best represent body conformation in the dairy cows. Biometrical observations were recorded on 109 Red Steppe dairy cows randomly selected from State Enterprise «Breeding reproducer «Stepove» (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine) during the 2001–2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to account for the maximum portion of variation present in the original set of variables (body traits in cow) with a minimum number of composite variables through STATISTICA software. Most of the pairwise phenotypic correlations among the exterior traits in dairy cows were positive and significant. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the body measurements ranged from 0.215 (chest depth – cannon circumference) to 0.889 (height at withers – rump height). In factor solution of the Principal Component Analysis, two (latent) which explained 48.5% of the generalized variance were extracted. The first principal component (PC1) explained general body confirmation and explained 33.5% variation. It was represented by significant positive loading for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, chest depth, chest circumference etc.). The second principal component (PC2) accounted for an additional 15.0% of the generalized variance and was interpreted as an indicator of body shape (e.g., endomorphic vs. ectomorphic). It was represented by significant negative loadings for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, but significant positive loadings for chest width, chest depth, chest circumference and cannon circumference. The study also revealed that factors extracted from the present investigation could be used in breeding programs of the dairy cattle.

Download Full-text

Diversity of biometric and morphological traits among sheep breeds in Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i2.51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 13-25

Author(s):

R. O Okeke ◽

B. I Nwagu ◽

A. O Iyiola-Tunji ◽

P. A. John

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Body ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Linear Body

Towards assessment of variations within and between sheep; biometric and morphological data of the four breeds of sheep found in Nigeria were collected using multi-stage samplin method. A total of 46 Balami, 30 Uda, 36 Yankasa and 37 WAD were sampled. Stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to find the best linear combination of metric variables that best predict the body weight. Principal component analysis of biometric and morphological traits was carried out. Simple discriminant analysis procedure was used to classify the breeds. Cluster analysis was done using the model building specificationinterface. Head length (HL), chest girth (CG), leg length (LL), and tail length were the only linear body measurements that were significant (P<0.01) in predicting body weight of sheep in the overall prediction equation. Body weight and all the linear body measurements had their highest loadings on principal component 1 (PC1). Tassel was the only variable that had its highest loading on PC2. Tail type and state (location) were the variables that bestdescribes the third component (PC3). Sex and hair type were variables that best described the forth component (PC4). Discriminant analysis showed that 70.59% of sheep sampled as Balami were classified as pure breed. Sheep sampled as WAD and Yankasa had 100% conformation while Balami and Uda had 70.59% and 60%, respectively in conformation to the classifying features of their breed based on discriminant analysis. The farthest genetic distance (5.48) was observed between Balami and WAD while the shortest genetic distance (1.26) was observed between Balami and Uda. Improvement of growth traits of sheep breedsin Nigeria is recommended through the use of either Balami or Uda as sire and either WAD or Yankasa as dam.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic characterization of three strains of indigenous goats in Tanzania

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900001358 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 43-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A. Madubi ◽

G.C. Kifaro ◽

P.H. Petersen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Body Weights ◽

Indigenous Goats ◽

Similar Body

SummaryCharacterization of three strains of indigenous goats found in three regions of Tanzania was undertaken on the basis of their phenotypes viz: body weight and measurements, colour pattern, ears and horns.The three strains differed in the body weights and in the frequencies of the different coat colours. The Dodoma and Mtwara strains had similar body measurements, whereas the Kigoma strain was significantly smaller.

Download Full-text

Morphometric characteristics and present status of Ponwar cattle breed in India

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900001693 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G.K. Gaur ◽

Avtar Singh ◽

P.K. Singh ◽

R.K. Pundir

Keyword(s):

Present Status ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Coat Colour ◽

The Body ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Service Period ◽

The Face ◽

Average Body

SummaryThis study was undertaken in order to characterize the Ponwar breed and to establish its present status so that suitable breeding strategies and conservation models could be suggested for the overall improvement of the breed.The Ponwar is a draught cattle breed and is native to the Pilibhit District of Uttar Pradesh. The breeding tract lies between latitude 28°4' and 28°8' North and between longitude 79°0' and 80°4' East. The coat colour of these animals is brown or black with white patches in varying proportions. The tail switch is white in black animals and black in those having a greater proportion of white patches. The body is small, compact and non-fleshy, the face is small and narrow and the ears are small. The horns are small to medium and curve inward with pointed tips. The hump is small in females and developed in males. The tail is long and reaches to below the hock. Cows have small udders and teats. The animals of this breed possess an aggressive temperament.The milk production of the Ponwar cows is low, i.e. about 0.5 to 2.5 kg per day for a lactation period of 8 to 10 (average 8.9±0.1) months. Lactation milk yield averaged 462.5±12.1 kg. The age at first calving ranged from 40 to 60 months and the inter-calving period averaged 12.6±0.1 months. The service period in Ponwar cattle varied from 60 to 100 days. The cows remained dry for average of 110.0±2.6 days. Bullocks of this breed can transport an 800 to 1 000 kg load up to 10 kilometres easily. They can plough 0.4 hectares of land in a day working for 6 to 8 hours. Body length, height at wither and heart girth in adult cows averaged 97.1±0.5, 109.0±0.4 and 140.6±0.5 cm, respectively. The animals recorded in the different villages had similar average body measurements corresponding to their category. The survey revealed that about 21% of total cattle population was of Ponwar breed in Puranpur Tehsil. The approximate Ponwar population in the entire breeding tract was estimated as 10 667.

Download Full-text

Conformation des bovins de race Nélore (Bos indicus) au ranch Kila-département de la Cuvette en République du Congo

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v43-1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43:1 ◽

pp. 7340-7349

Author(s):

DIMI NGATSE Silvère ◽

OGNIKA Alexis Jonas ◽

AKOUANGO Parisse

Keyword(s):

Traditional Method ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Live Weight ◽

Coat Colour ◽

The Body ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Measuring Tape ◽

The Common ◽

Males And Females

L’objectif de l’étude a été d’apprécier la conformation et certaines mensurations de la race bovine Nélore dans le but de maitriser leurs aptitudes à la reproduction. Les animaux avaient trois (3) ans d’âge. Les mensurations et la conformation ont concernées 89 génisses et 28 taurillons en stade de reproduction, sur un troupeau de 2587 têtes. Les mensurations corporelles concernées ont été évaluées par la méthode traditionnelle à la toise et au mètre ruban. Le poids vif moyen des mâles a été de 418,97 kg ± 25,84 kg et celui des femelles de 333,67 ± 33,12 kg. La robe régulière est blanche, uniforme avec des membres sombres aux extrémités chez les mâles. La conformation indique de bonnes aptitudes bouchères et les mâles sont de grande taille. La hauteur au garrot a été de 1,54 ± 0,01 m et 1,48 ± 0,03 m pour les mâles et les femelles respectivement. La longueur scapulo-ischiale a indiqué 1,89 ± 0,03 m et 1,81 ±0,02 pour les mâles et femelles respectivement. Le périmètre thoracique de 1,82 ± 0.03 m et 1,72 ± 0,03 m respectivement pour les mâles et femelles. La liaison corrélative du poids vif a été plus marquée avec la hauteur au garrot (r= 0,926) qu’avec le périmètre thoracique (r= 0,81) et la longueur scapulo-ischiale (r= 0,730). Il est donc important que les éleveurs procèdent à l’étude des mensurations et de conformation des Nelores pour bien apprécier leurs aptitudes futures de reproductions dans une ferme. ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to highlight the morphometric characteristics and conformation of the Nélore bovine breed in order to control their breeding. The animals were all about three (3) years old. The measurements and conformation involved 89 heifers and 28 breeding bulls from a herd of 2,587 heads. The body measurements concerned were evaluated by the traditional method of the measuring board and measuring tape. The average live weight of males was 418.97 kg ± 25.84 kg and that of females 333.67 ± 33.12 kg. The Common coat colour is uniform white, with dark extremities in the males. The conformation indicates good beefing abilities and the males are large. The height at the withers was 1.54 ± 0.01 m and 1.48 ± 0.03 m for males and females respectively. The scapuloischial length of 1.89 ± 0.03 m and 1.81 ± 0.02 for males and females respectively and thoracic perimeter of 1.82 ± 0.03 m and 1.72 ± 0.03 m respectively for males and females. The correlation of body weight was more marked with the height at the withers (r = 0.926) than with the thoracic perimeter (r = 0.81) and the scapuloischial length (r = 0.730). It is therefore important that the breeders study the measurements and conformation in order to appreciate the future breeding abilities of the animals on a farm.

Download Full-text

Principal Component Analysis of the Body-Measurements of Native Cattle in Eastern Asia and Banteng in Indonesia

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.55.174 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Junichi OTSUKA ◽

Takao NAMIKAWA ◽

Ken NOZAWA

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Native Cattle

Download Full-text

Phenotypic variability of natural and cultivated populations of Oreochromis niloticus from Haut Sassandra region (Côte d'Ivoire)

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v41-3.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41.3 ◽

pp. 7029-7041

Author(s):

Ahou Nicole YOBOUE ◽

Koffi Charles BOUSSOU ◽

Kouassi Sylvain KONAN ◽

Koffi Félix KONAN ◽

Abouo Béatrice ADEPO-GOURENE

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Hierarchical Classification ◽

The Body ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Meristic Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

The City

1 ABSTRACT The phenotypic characterization of four populations of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Haut-Sassandra region was carried out using 147 specimens. Among them, 39 were from the natural environment (Sassandra River) and 108 from three fish farms in the town of Daloa. The body weight, sixteen (16) metric characters and fifteen (15) meristic characters recorded on each individual made it possible to analyze the phenotypic variability of the four populations. Twenty-eight (28) on the 31 morphometric characters studied differentiated populations (P <0.001). Based on these 28 characters, Principal Correspondence Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Classification Analysis (HCA) grouped the individuals into two groups, a group consisting of Guessabo and PK 12(Kilometer 12 fish farm located at the end of the city of Daloa) specimens and the other group consisting of APDRACI and Quartier Manioc (two fish farms in the city) individuals. Six morphometric characters (PrAL. IOD. LDF. DAL. AFL and SsL) were the most relevant in the discrimination of these two groups. Discriminant factor analysis (DFA) has also classified these populations into two clusters identical to those of the PCA and the HCA. The brood stocks of PK 12 farm is morphologically identical to specimens of the natural environment (Guessabo). The waters of the PK 12 farm have similar characteristics to the natural environment. The PK 12 farm compared to the others (APDRACI and Quartier Manioc) would be better managed.

Download Full-text

Performance of Kampung Super chicken and Bangkok chicken first generation (G1) until the age of 12 weeks

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v19i3.52535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Fetty Febriana Rahayu ◽

Depison Depison ◽

Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

First Generation ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Principal Component ◽

Selection Response ◽

The Body ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Average Value ◽

Research Material

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the performance of the first generation (G1) Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken aged 12 weeks.Methods: The research material were G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken with 174 samples for each strain. This research was using the experimental method. The data collected included body weight, body weight gain, body measurements, and selected responses. The body weight, body weight gain, and body measurements data were analyzed using t-test independent, while the average value vector of body measured using T2-Hotelling test. Principal Component Analysis ware used to identify the characteristics of body shape and size.Results: The results of this study showed that body weight, body weight gain of DOC-4 weeks, 4-8 weeks, 8-12 weeks, and body measurements of G1 Kampung Super chickens were real different higher (P<0.05) than G1 Bangkok. The identifier of the size of the G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken is the chest circumference. The characteristics of the shape G1 Kampung Super chicken is the length of the wings and the G1 Bangkok chicken is the lower body lenght. The selection response of G1 Kampung Super is higher than G1 Bangkok.Conclusions: The performance of G1 Kampung Super chicken was higher than G1 Bangkok chicken but the selection response value of G1 Bangkok chicken was higher than G1 Kampung Super chicken. The highest body weight gain of G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chickens was achieved at the age of 8-12 weks.

Download Full-text