scholarly journals Seasonal variation in helminth parasites of snakeheads Channa punctatus and Channa striatus (Perciformes: Channidae) in Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kumari Gautam ◽  
P. Kumar Misra ◽  
A. Murari Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Channa Striatus ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

Summary Snakehead fishes are widely consumed throughout South East Asia, China and India because of their good taste of meat and high nutrient values such as presence of prostaglandins, thromboxane and Omega-6 fatty acid. Parasitic infection constitutes significant economic loss in fish production. The aim of this work was to study the seasonal variation of helminths in snakeheads. In the presented study, a three-year survey has been performed. A total of 1013 individuals of Channa punctatus and 247 individuals of Channa striatus were examined. A total of 3783 helminths were collected, with an average of 3.02 helminths/fish. 43.50 % individuals of C. punctatus and 59.10 % of C. striatus were found to be infected with acanthocephalans, trematodes, nematodes and cestodes per year. The prevalence and mean abundance of Pallisentis sp. was at its peak in summer. However the prevalence of trematodes, nematodes and cestodes was at peak during autumn. Mean abundance of nematodes was at peak in summer. Interestingly, the males were found more infected as compared to the females and the infection rate in males peaked in summer. In comparison to other weight groups, medium size hosts (21 – 40 g) were found more consistently infected. Thus the results indicate that there are seasonal variations in parasitic helminths infecting C. punctatus and C. striatus which also depend upon sex and weight. These variations may be attributed to various environmental and biological factors including parasite life cycle and immune level of host.

scholarly journals Seasonal prevalence, intensity and organal distribution of Helminth parasites in macrognathus aculeatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Salma Begum ◽  
Aleya Begum
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Macrognathus Aculeatus

Examination of 122 individuals of Macrognathus aculeatus (popularly known as Tara Baim), collected monthly, from the river Buriganga during March, 2007 to February, 2008 revealed 77 fishes were infected with various helminth parasites with an infection rate of 63.11% and intensity of infection of 3.18. A total of 245 parasites were recovered from different organs of the fishes, with the highest number from the intestine. Six species of helminths were detected, of which two were trematodes (Clinostomum piscidum and Rhynchooharynx paradoxa), one species of cestode (Marsipometra parva) and three species of nematodes (Pseudoproleptus vestibules, Cucullanus cirratus and Porrocaecum trichiuri L3 larva). The prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection were a bit higher in female fish than in male. The parasites were much more abundant in rainy season (75%) followed by summer (62.5%) and winter (31.81%). The larger fishes were heavily infected (71.01%) than medium (53.33%) and smaller (52.17%) fishes. Key words: Macrognathus aculeatus; Helminth; Prevalence; Intensity; Organal distribution;  Seasonal variation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8971 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 117-122

Dynamic interaction between CD4+ T cells and parasitic helminths: mathematical models of heterogeneity in outcome

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Schweitzer ◽  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Th1 Cell ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Duration Of Infection

SUMMARYPotential mechanisms of immunoregulation have been investigated for the capacity to generate heterogeneity in the outcome of infection with helminth parasites. We have developed a mathematical model of the interaction between T cell and parasite populations, based on the assumption that activation of a Th1 CD4+ T cell response is required for host resistance. Antigen dose-dependent inhibition of Th1 cell proliferation generates heterogeneity in the outcome of host response to infection, with relatively low levels of exposure inducing resistance, and high levels of exposure associated with host susceptibility. Heterogeneity is additionally predicted in the duration of infection before individuals of the resistant class clear infection, with infection becoming more prolonged as the level of exposure rises. Similar categories of response are predicted if an alternative regulatory mechanism, that of interferon γ-regulated control of Th1 cell differentiation, is substituted into the model. However, the relationship between level of exposure and duration of infection is reversed. Results are discussed in the context of how these simple models of parasite–immune system interactions might be used to make predictions concerning specific examples of parasitic infection.

scholarly journals The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: role of Mu class in triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-991
Author(s):  
Rebekah B. Stuart ◽  
Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽  
Neil D. MacKintosh ◽  
Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽  
Peter M. Brophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock industry and is re-emerging as a foodborne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines, treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and its detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths with the phase II detoxification system dominated by the soluble glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by exploiting a sub-proteomic lead strategy to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ-susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated differential abundance of FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity. Furthermore, a low or weak affinity matrix interacting Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a new low-affinity Mu class GST. Low-affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not restricted to FhGST-Mu5 with a second likely low-affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the potential of subproteomic analyses on individual adult flukes.

scholarly journals Population density of helminths in ducks: effects of host’s age, sex, breed and season

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
KR Islam ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
The Mean

 A study was conducted to investigate the population density of helminth parasites in domestic ducks (Anas boschas domesticus) in relation to host's age, sex, breed and seasons of the year from March 2002 to May 2003. A total of 300 ducks were collected from different villages of Netrokona and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh and autopsied to collect the parasites and counted to determine the population density of parasites. Off 300 ducks examined, 290 (96.66%) were infected with 17 species of helminth parasites in which 11 species were trematodes, 4 were cestodes and 2 nematodes. Among the parasites, density of cestodes was the highest (33.15±5.26), followed by trematodes (5.98±1.32); and nematodes (2.95±0.68). Mean density of parasites increased with the increase of age (young: 21.23±1.09, adult: 26.18±2.14 and old: 27.87±2.98) while the mean density of most of the helminth parasites was higher in female ducks (31.35±4.72) than in males (27.52±3.32). Indigenous ducks (33.72±3.61) were infected with the highest load of helminths than Khaki Campbell breed (29.61±4.32) of ducks. Mean density of most trematodes (5.42±0.80) were highest in winter season whereas mean density of all cestodes (48.43±4.85) and nematodes (4.13±1.76) were highest in summer.  The present study suggests that age, sex, breed of ducks and seasons of the year influence the parasitic infection to a greater extend. Key words: Population density, helminths, duck, Bangladesh DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1338 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Parasitic helminths of the digestive system of wild boars bred in captivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva da Silva ◽  
Gertrud Müller
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Possible Cause

This study aimed to identify the parasites that inhabit the digestive system of Sus scrofa scrofa from a commercial breeding facility in southern Brazil, and reports the first occurrence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in wild boars. The gastrointestinal tracts of 40 wild boars from a commercial breeding facility were collected and individualized during slaughter in a cold-storage slaughterhouse. Out of this total, 87.5% were parasitized by the helminths Ascaris suum,Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis. T. colubriformis presented a prevalence of 45%, mean intensity of 28.4 and mean abundance of 12.8. The data from this study showed that T. colubriformis not only has a capacity to develop in the small intestines of wild boars, but also adapts well to animals raised in captivity, thus representing a possible cause of economic loss in commercial wild boar farming.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Development of Liver Fluke and Blood Fluke Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Blood Fluke ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Fasciola Spp

Liver flukes (Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp., Clonorchis sinensis) and blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.) are parasitic helminths causing neglected tropical diseases that result in substantial morbidity afflicting millions globally. Affecting the world’s poorest people, fasciolosis, opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis and schistosomiasis cause severe disability; hinder growth, productivity and cognitive development; and can end in death. Children are often disproportionately affected. F. hepatica and F. gigantica are also the most important trematode flukes parasitising ruminants and cause substantial economic losses annually. Mass drug administration (MDA) programs for the control of these liver and blood fluke infections are in place in a number of countries but treatment coverage is often low, re-infection rates are high and drug compliance and effectiveness can vary. Furthermore, the spectre of drug resistance is ever-present, so MDA is not effective or sustainable long term. Vaccination would provide an invaluable tool to achieve lasting control leading to elimination. This review summarises the status currently of vaccine development, identifies some of the major scientific targets for progression and briefly discusses future innovations that may provide effective protective immunity against these helminth parasites and the diseases they cause.

scholarly journals Postharvest Diversification and Sensory Evaluation of Some Food Products Made From Senescence Plantain (Musa paradisiacal) (P03-008-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Otitoju ◽  
Olawale Otitoju ◽  
Paul Baiyeri ◽  
Virginia Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Very High

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated the nutrients (proximate, vitamins, minerals) and sensory attributes of some products; fried plantain buns (FPB), baked plantain buns (BPB) and steamed plantain buns (SPB) made from over-ripped plantain. Methods A bunch of matured over-ripe plantain samples (3.2 kg) were collected, washed with deionised water, peeled, mashed into pulp. About 400 g plantain pulp were mixed with other ingredients (egg 2 medium size, baking powder (14 g), vanilla flavor (0.5 ml) and onions (13 g) ), fried, steamed and baked respectively. Nutrient composition analysis was carried out in the Food Chemistry Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Sensory evaluations of the three products developed were done in the Food Diet Laboratory using nine-point Hedonic scale with twenty four (24) panellists. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Standard deviation and Fisher least significance difference (FLSD) were used to compare the mean at P < 0.05. Results The proximate values of fried, baked, and steamed plantain buns were appreciable. Fat content of fried plantain buns was the highest (12.1%) while steamed plantain buns had the lowest (0.77%). Protein contents were high and comparable in all samples (P > 0.05), the highest moisture content (56.52%) was found in steamed plantain buns. The mineral content shows that Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn levels were comparable (P > 0.05) in all the samples while potassium content ranged from 342.7 to 312.0 mg/100 g with the highest level in SPB. Generally FPB has the highest mineral contents compare with BPB and SPB. Vitamin content in all the samples showed that vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E were present. However, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the products. The general acceptability of FPB, BPB and SPB in terms of color, flavor, taste and texture were very high (8.12, 7.12 & 6.71) respectively. Although FPB and BPB were most preferred, SPB was accepted sparingly. Conclusions In conclusion, senescence plantain losses may be reduced if the over ripped ones are converted to buns products and this will consequently add to the value chain and also minimize economic loss globally. Funding Sources NIL. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of prostaglandin-H E-isomerase, a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase, from Ascaridia galli

1996 ◽  
Vol 313 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. MEYER ◽  
Richmond MUIMO ◽  
Michael THOMAS ◽  
David COATES ◽  
R. Elwyn ISAAC
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Accessory Cells ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Prostaglandin H

Comparison of partial primary sequences of sigma-class glutathione S-transferases (GSH) of parasitic helminths and a GSH-dependent prostaglandin (PG)-H D-isomerase of rat immune accessory cells suggested that some of the helminth enzymes may also be involved in PG biosynthesis [Meyer and Thomas (1995) Biochem. J. 311, 739-742]. A soluble GSH transferase of the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli has now been purified which shows high activity and specificity in the GSH-dependent isomerization of PGH to PGE, comparable to that of the rat spleen enzyme in its isomerization of PGH to PGD, and similarly stimulates the activity of prostaglandin H synthase. The enzyme subunit is structurally related to the rat spleen enzyme and sigma-class GSH transferases of helminths according to the partial primary sequence. The data support the hypothesis that some sigma-class GSH transferases of helminth parasites are involved in PG biosynthesis which, in the case of PGE, is likely to be associated with the subversion or suppression of host immunity. A PG-H E-isomerase of comparable specificity and activity has not previously been isolated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some heavy metals toxicity in Channa punctatus and riverine water of Kosi in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Idrees ◽  
Robeena Sarah ◽  
Baby Tabassum ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Riverine Water ◽  
Heavy Metals Toxicity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document