Characteristics of Very High Intensity Runs of Soccer Players in Relation to Their Playing Position and Playing Half in the 2013-14 Spanish La Liga Season

AbstractThe objective of this study was to carry out a detailed quantitative analysis of the very high intensity runs during actual play in the 2013-2014 Spanish First Division, at a general level and according to the specific playing position and half. 380 matches of the Spanish First Division in the 2013 - 2014 season were monitored using the Mediacoach video motion analysis tool. Total distance, very high intensity (above 21 km/h) running distance and the number of runs at very high intensity of 230 players from 20 teams in the Spanish First Division were analysed. The main findings of the study were that the performance indicators at very high intensities decreased from the first half to the second half for all outfield players (covered distance: 4694 ± 538 m vs 4485 ± 437 m, sprint distance: 256 ± 72 m vs 239 ± 67 m, number of sprints: 14.3 ± 3.5 vs 13.2 ± 3.1), except the central defenders (sprint distance: 166 ± 37 vs 166 ± 40 m, number of sprints: 10.0 ± 2.1 vs 9.8 ± 3.8). Secondly, although wide defenders (9759 ± 665 m) and central midfielders (9776 ± 942 m) covered the most distance during matches, it were the wide defenders (30 ± 5), centre-forwards (28 ± 7) and wide midfielders (31 ± 8) who performed the most runs at very high intensity. Consequently, the distance they ran at these very high intensity runs followed the same pattern. Such results enable general and specific profiles by demarcation to be established based on the demands of the game at high-level competitive play.

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Syntaxonomic diversity as an indicator of ecological diversity — case study Vranica Mts in the Central Bosnia

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-007-0026-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sulejman Redžić

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

General Level ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Ecological Diversity ◽

Vegetation Diversity ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

AbstractSyntaxonomic diversity (SD) represents the number of plant communities (phytocoenoses) in certain area. Plant communities as organized systems of populations of various coexisting plant species inhabiting same or similar habitat in the function of time. SD is one of the best indicators of the state and potential carrying capacity of every ecosystem and an attribute of total ecological diversity. In general, level of syntaxonomic diversity indicates habitat heterogeneity and diversity. This could have significant importance in the categorization of habitat values in accordance with European Nature Information System (EUNIS) criteria. The results presented in this paper indicate without any doubt high natural values of mountain range Vranica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the best proofs is an extremely high level of syntaxonomic diversity. In this area covering just 288 km2, vegetation is differentiated into 9 formations, 28 classes, 44 orders, 73 alliances and 165 associations. This represents 85% of all classes, 73% of all orders, 65% of all alliances, and 53% of all associations of vegetation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or 35% of all classes in vegetation diversity in Europe. Going from the level of class to the level of order, the number of syntaxa increases for 61%, from order to alliance for 60%, and from alliance to association for 44.24% (average 55%). SD index is very high and it is 0.5729. This means that on each km2 contains 0.5729 syntaxa.

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Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16204032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 4032 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Modric ◽

Versic ◽

Sekulic ◽

Liposek

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Speed ◽

Body Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Running Performance ◽

Total Distance ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Performance Statistics ◽

Game Performance

Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.

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Can Supplementation of Vitamin D Improve Aerobic Capacity in Well Trained Youth Soccer Players?

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2018-0033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maria Jastrzębska ◽

Mariusz Kaczmarczyk ◽

Małgorzata Michalczyk ◽

Łukasz Radzimiński ◽

Piotr Stępień ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

High Level ◽

Intensity Training

AbstractThere is no clear evidence that vitamin D effectively improves physical capacity in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to confirm that vitamin D supplementation of soccer players during eight-week high-intensity training would have a significant effect on their aerobic capacity. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental one that was supplemented with vitamin D (SG, n = 20), and the placebo group (PG, n = 16), not supplemented with vitamin D. All the players were subjected to the same soccer training described as High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). The data of the vitamin D level, PWC170, lactate threshold (LT) were collected just before and after the intervention. A significant increase in vitamin D concentration (119%) was observed in the supplemented group, while the non-supplemented group showed a decrease of 8.4%. The studied subjects improved VO2max results by 20% in the SG, and by 13% in the PG. The improvement in velocity at the LT was similar in both groups. Results of this study show that vitamin D can have a positive, though moderate, effect on aerobic performance in players subjected to high-intensity training in the form of small-sided games for 8 weeks.

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Individualization of Time–Motion Analysis: A Case-Cohort Example

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.8.4.456 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 456-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ric Lovell ◽

Grant Abt

Keyword(s):

Motion Analysis ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Speed ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Match Play ◽

Type Method ◽

Motion Data ◽

Time Motion ◽

External Loads

Purpose:To report the intensity distribution of Premier League soccer players’ external loads during match play, according to recognized physiological thresholds. The authors also present a case in which individualized speed thresholds changed the interpretation of time–motion data.Method:Eight outfield players performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion to determine the running speeds associated with their ventilatory thresholds. The running speeds were then used to individualize time–motion data collected in 5 competitive fixtures and compared with commonly applied arbitrary speed zones.Results:Of the total distance covered, 26%, 57%, and 17% were performed at low, moderate, and high intensity, respectively. Individualized time– motion data identified a 41% difference in the high-intensity distance covered between 2 players of the same positional role, whereas the player-independent approach yielded negligible (5–7%) differences in total and high-speed distances covered.Conclusions:The authors recommend that individualized speed thresholds be applied to time–motion-analysis data in synergy with the traditional arbitrary approach.

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Individualized speed threshold to analyze the game running demands in soccer players using GPS technology (Umbral de velocidad individualizado para analizar en jugadores de fútbol mediante tecnología GPS las exigencias de sus desplazamientos en competici

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i32.52871 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 130-133

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Núñez-Sánchez ◽

Francisco Javier Toscano-Bendala ◽

Miguel Angel Campos-Vázquez ◽

Luis Jesus Suarez-Arrones

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Absolute Threshold ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Low Intensity ◽

The Mean ◽

Soccer Team ◽

Very High

The aim of the study was to compare the relative running demands (m·min-1), among different soccer players positions, coded by an absolute threshold vs. an individualized threshold based on splits of 10% of peak velocity, during friendly games, with the same tactical system and monitoring with a GPS. To this end he had 20 players on a semiprofessional soccer team. All players were monitored with a unit GPS (15 hz SPI-pro W2b, GPSport, Canberra, Australia). They are measured peak velocity with a sprint of 40 m, and its activity in 4 friendly matches. The player’s activities were coded into five absolute speed thresholds and ten individualized speed thresholds. The absolute speed thresholds were: Very low intensity running (VLIR: 0-7 km·h-1), Low intensity running (LIR: 7-13 km·h-1), medium intensity running (MIR: 13-18 km·h-1), high intensity running (HIR: 18-21 km·h-1), and very high intensity running (VHIR: >21 km·h-1). The individualized thresholds were from <10%, 10-20 %, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, and >90% of peak velocity (PV). Variables are presented as the mean (± SD), and the estimated precision is indicated with 90% confidence limits (CL). In addition to the analyses for statistical significance (i.e., paired t-tests), possible differences between players’ position was analysed (pairwise comparisons) for practical significance using magnitude-based inferences. The 30% of players get 80-90% of its peak velocity in match and 2.5% reaches 90-100% of its peak velocity.Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las demandas de carrera ent jugadores de fútbol con diferentes roles empleando tecnología GPS, analizando y comparando sus desplazamientos durante partidos amistosos en base a un umbral absoluto, frente a un umbral individualizado al perfil locomotor del jugador. Para ello se les valoró su pico máximo de velocidad realizando un sprint de 40 m, así como su actividad locomotora en 4 partidos amistosos. Los desplazamientos de los jugadores codificaron en cinco umbrales de velocidad absolutos y diez umbrales de velocidad individualizados. Los umbrales de velocidad absolutos fueron: carrera de muy baja intensidad (VLIR: 0-7 km·h-1), carrera de baja intensidad (LIR: 7-13 km·h-1), carrera de intensidad media (MIR: 13-18 km·h-1), carrera de alta intensidad (HIR: 18-21 km·h-1), y carrera de muy alta intensidad (VHIR: >21 km·h-1). Los umbrales individualizados en base a su pico de velocidad máxima (PV) fueron: <10%, 10-20 %, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, and >90% del PV. El 30% de los jugadores consiguen el 80-90% de su pico de velocidad en partidos y el 2.5 % alcanza el 90-100 % de su pico de velocidad.

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Area per player in small-sided games to replicate the external load and estimated physiological match demands in elite soccer players

10.1101/2020.02.03.932954 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea Riboli ◽

Giuseppe Coratella ◽

Susanna Rampichini ◽

Emiliano Cé ◽

Fabio Esposito

Keyword(s):

Motion Analysis ◽

Effect Size ◽

High Intensity ◽

External Load ◽

Specific Area ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Metabolic Power ◽

Total Distance ◽

Time Motion ◽

Small Side

AbstractThe current study determined the area-per-player during small- or large-sided games with or without goalkeeper that replicates the relative (m·min−1) total distance, high-intensity running distance, sprint distance and metabolic power covered during official matches. Time-motion analysis was performed on twenty-five élite soccer-players during 26 home-matches. A total of 2565 individual samples for SSGs using different pitch sizes and different number of players were collected and classified as SSGs with (SSG-G) or without goalkeeper (SSG-P). A between-position comparison was also performed. The area-per-player needed to replicate the official match demands was largely greater in SSG-G vs SSG-P for total distance [187±53 vs 115±35 m2, effect size (ES): 1.60 95%CI 0.94/2.21], high-intensity running distance [262±72 vs 166±39 m2, ES: 1.66(0.99/2.27)] and metabolic power [177±42 vs 94±40, ES: 1.99(1.31/2.67)], but similar for sprint distance [(316±75 vs 295±99 m2, ES: 0.24(−0.32/0.79)] with direction of larger area-per-player for sprint distance > high-intensity running > total distance ≅ metabolic power for both SSG-G and SSG-P. In SSG-G, forwards required greater area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 2.96(1.07/4.35)], wide-midfielders [ES: 2.45(0.64/3.78)] and wide-defenders [ES: 3.45(1.13/4.99)]. Central-midfielders required greater area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 1.69(0.20/2.90)] and wide-midfielders [ES: 1.35(−0.13/2.57)]. In SSG-P, central defenders need smaller area-per-player (ES: −6.01/−0.92) to overall replicate the match demands compared to all other positions. The current results highlight that soccer players need a specific area-per-player during the small-side games with or without goalkeeper to replicate the overall match demands, especially to perform high-intensity running or sprint distance. Additionally, central defenders, central midfielders and forwards need to be trained with tailored area-per-player or specific rules/additional exercises.

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Characteristics, Features of Development, Regional and Sectoral Determinants of High-tech Business in Russia

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2017-12-142-154 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 142-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Yusupova ◽

S. Khalimova

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Business Development ◽

High Tech ◽

Assessment Data ◽

High Tech Sector ◽

Fast Growing ◽

High Level

The paper deals with the research devoted to characteristics of high tech business development in Russia. Companies’ performance indicators have been analyzed with the help of regression analysis and author’s scheme of leadership stability and sustainability assessment. Data provided by Russia’s Fast Growing High-Tech Companies’ National Rating (TechUp) during 2012-2016 were used. The results have revealed that the high tech sector is characterized by high level of uncertainty. Limited number of regions and sectors which form the basis for high tech business have been defined. Relationship between innovation activity’s indicators and export potential is determined.

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التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

Journal of Education College Wasit University ◽

10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss34.800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (34) ◽

pp. 391-422

Author(s):

اشواق حسن حميد صالح

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Solar Brightness ◽

The Subject ◽

Climate Station ◽

The Times ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed 3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

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