scholarly journals The Effect of an Olympic Distance Triathlon on Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity and its Recovery 24 Hours Later

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Alain Boussana ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Daniel Le Gallais ◽  
Olivier Hue
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity ◽  
T Values

Abstract The Olympic distance triathlon includes maximal exercise bouts with transitions between the activities. This study investigated the effect of an Olympic distance triathlon (1.5-km swim, 40-km bike, 10-km run) on pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCO). In nine male triathletes (age: 24 ± 4.7 years), we measured DLCO and calculated the DLCO to alveolar volume ratio (DLCO/VA) and performed spirometry testing before a triathlon (pre-T), 2 hours after the race (post-T), and the day following the race (post-T-24 h). DLCO was measured using the 9-s breath-holding method. We found that (1) DLCO decreased significantly between pre- and post-T values (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 35.92 ± 6.63 ml∙min-1∙mmHg-1) (p < 0.01) and returned to baseline at post-T-24 h (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 37.24 ± 6.76 ml∙min-1∙mmHg-1, p > 0.05); (2) DLCO/VA was similar at the pre-, post- and post-T-24 h DLCO comparisons; and (3) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) significantly decreased between pre- and post-T and between pre- and post-T-24-h (p < 0.02). In conclusion, a significant reduction in DLCO and DLCO/VA 2 hours after the triathlon suggests the presence of pulmonary interstitial oedema. Both values returned to baseline 24 hours after the race, which reflects possible mild and transient pulmonary oedema with minimal physiological significance.

scholarly journals Oscillometric and Spirometric Bronchodilator Response in Preschool Children with and without Asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn Ho Shin ◽  
Sun Jung Jang ◽  
Jung Won Yoon ◽  
Hye Mi Jee ◽  
Sun Hee Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Quality Control Criteria ◽  
Control Criteria

BACKGROUND: Bronchodilator responses (BDR) are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of asthma; however, their acceptability and repeatability have not been evaluated using quality control criteria for preschool children.OBJECTIVES: To compare conventional spirometry with an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in healthy and asthmatic preschool children.METHODS: Data from 30 asthmatic children and 29 controls (two to six years of age) who underwent IOS and spirometry before and after salbutamol administration were analyzed.RESULTS: Stable asthmatic subjects significantly differed versus controls in their spirometry-assessed BDR (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity) as well as their IOS-assessed BDR (respiratory resistance at 5 Hz [Rrs5], respiratory reactance at 5 Hz and area under the reactance curve). However, comparisons based on the area under the ROC curve for ΔFEV1% initial versus ΔRrs5% initial were 0.82 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.93) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.87), respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity for ΔFEV1≥9% were 0.53 and 0.93, respectively. Importantly, sensitivity increased to 0.63 when either ΔFEV1≥9% or ΔRrs5≥29% was considered as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of asthma.CONCLUSION: The accuracy of asthma diagnosis in preschool children may be increased by combining spirometry with IOS when measuring BDR.

Decrease in pulmonary diffusion capacity after maximal exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rasmussen ◽  
B. Hanel ◽  
K. Jensen ◽  
B. Serup ◽  
N.H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusion ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity

scholarly journals Changes in spirometric parameters with position in asymptomatic Egyptian young males with central obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen A. Abd-Elaleem ◽  
Sherif A.A. Mohamed ◽  
Wael M. Wagdy ◽  
Reham A. Abd-Elaleem ◽  
Azza S. Abdelhafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Central obesity is a chronic condition that can contribute to impairments in lung functions. Body position is an important technique that effectively restores and increases lung functions. We aimed to address the possible changes in spirometric parameters in asymptomatic overweight individuals with central obesity with a change in posture from sitting to supine in comparison to normal weight non-obese ones.Methods: Enrolled subjects were healthy Egyptian males, aged between 20-45 years old, asymptomatic and nonsmokers. They underwent spirometry. The following parameters were measured; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow (FEF)25-75%. They were classified into overweight with central obesity (n=40) and healthy control (n=40) groups based on their body mass index (BMI), weight-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC). Spirometric parameters were compared between the 2 groups and in both setting and supine positions.Results: The central obesity group showed significantly lower all spirometric parameters in comparison to the control one. All measured spirometric parameters had a significant reduction with supine position. There were negative correlations between both the WC and WHR and spirometric parameters.Conclusion: In this study of young Egyptian males, individuals with central obesity had reduced spirometric parameters in comparison to healthy ones. Change in position from sitting to supine has significant effects on spirometric parameters in both healthy middle age males with normal weight and those with overweight and central obesity. These results could have important clinical implications.

Relationship of ventilatory capacity to hyperbaric exposure in divers

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Davey ◽  
J. E. Cotes ◽  
J. W. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximal Depth ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

The results of divers' annual medical examinations were used to assess the effects of diving exposure independent of age, stature, and smoking on forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Cross-sectional analysis of records for 858 men showed a significant positive association between the maximal depth that subjects had experienced and FVC but not FEV1. There was a significant negative association for FEV1/FVC%, and this index was also positively correlated with years of diving exposure. Among a subsample of 81 men the forced expiratory flow rate at low lung volume was reduced relative to that of control subjects similarly assessed; the extent of the reduction from the reference value was significantly correlated with the diving exposure. Longitudinal analysis of results for 255 men over a minimum of 5 yr showed that the change in FVC per annum (positive or negative) was correlated with the change in maximal depth; there were no similar associations for FEV1 or FEV1/FVC%. Thus diving exposure affects the vital capacity and the forced expiratory flow rate at small lung volumes. The latter is evidence for narrowing of airways that might be secondary to diving-induced loss of lung elastic tissue; this hypothesis merits further investigation.

Passive Smoking by Asthmatics: Its Greater Effect on Boys Than on Girls and on Older Than on Younger Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Murray ◽  
Brenda J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow

In 415 nonsmoking asthmatic children who were seen consecutively, asthma symptoms were more severe if the mother was a smoker than if she was a nonsmoker. This applied to both sexes but was more marked in boys than in girls. There were also other indications that sons were the more severely affected: the forced expiratory volume at 1 second, the forced expiratory flow rate during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, and the provocation concentration of histamine needed to result in a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume at 1 second were significantly decreased only in the sons, and lung function test results were significantly less in sons than in daughters of mothers who smoked. When the 415 children were stratified according to age, lung function improved significantly with increasing age in the children of nonsmokers; in children of smokers, by contrast, symptoms and lung function test results became progressively worse. As well, there was a correlation between these indications of asthma severity and the number of years the child had been exposed to the mother's smoke. It appeared that, compared with girls, boys were more sensitive to passive smoking, and that its adverse effect increased with age and with duration of exposure.

An assessment of forced expiratory volumes and flow rates in the detection of early ventilatory impairment in RN submariners

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
R. Herrmann ◽  
G. M. Clifford ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
Caroline S. M. Searing
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractA prospective study of an early diagnostic test of small airway dysfunction, the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity, was carried out in 230 RN submariners. All the subjects were male caucasians, of whom 105 were smokers and 125 non-smokers. Measurements were performed using a single breath wedge spirometer (Vitalograph®) and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of the FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC%) and the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity (FEF75–85) obtained from the tracings in accordance with the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. Multiple linear regression analysis of these four measurements together with height, age and smoking habit showed age to be the most significant factor for FEF75–85, followed by height Height was the most significant factor for FVC and FEV1 followed by age. Age was the only significant factor for FEV1/FVC%. FEF75-85 was highly correlated with FEV1/FVC% (r = 0.72) and to a lesser extent with FEV1 and FVC (r = 0.70 and 0.37 respectively). In the presence of age and height no significant effect of smoking habit on FEF75–85 could be demonstrated. However when the FEV1/FYC%, age and smoking habit were examined, there was found to be a significantly greater decrease in FEV1/FYC% with age in the smokers. It would appear that in this study FEV1/FVC% is a more sensitive index of early obstructive changes induced by smoking than measurement of flow at low lung volumes.

Effects of aerosol methacholine and histamine on airways and lung parenchyma in healthy humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2681-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pellegrino ◽  
B. Violante ◽  
E. Crimi ◽  
V. Brusasco
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Bronchodilator Effect ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

To investigate whether histamine (His) and methacholine (MCh) have different effects on airways and lung parenchyma, 11 healthy subjects were given aerosol MCh until a response plateau was obtained and then two doses of His. At the plateau, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow at 40% of vital capacity from partial flow-volume curves were reduced by 19 +/- 3 (SE) and 80 +/- 4%, respectively. Aerosol His decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s by an additional 12 +/- 1% but left partial forced expiratory flow unchanged. The bronchodilator effect of deep inhalation, as inferred from the ratio of forced expiratory flow from maximal to that from partial flow-volume curves, increased after MCh and plateaued but decreased after His. Quasi-static transpulmonary pressure-volume area determined in seven subjects was unchanged after MCh but was increased by 57 +/- 10% after His. We conclude that adding His after the response to MCh plateaued does not increase the maximal degree of bronchoconstriction but may increase parenchymal hysteresis, thus blunting the bronchodilator effect of deep inhalation. These results suggest that His and MCh have similar effects on airway smooth muscle but different effects on lung tissue properties.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Resting pulmonary Function in Heart Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S12525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Olson ◽  
Dustin L. Denzer ◽  
William L. Sinnett ◽  
Ted Wilson ◽  
Bruce D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background The heart and lungs are intimately linked anatomically and physiologically, and, as a result, heart failure (HF) patients often develop changes in pulmonary function. This study examined the prognostic value of resting pulmonary function (PF) in HF. Methods and Results In all, 134 HF patients (enrolled from January 1, 1999 Through December 31, 2005; ejection fraction (EF) = 29% ± 11%; mean age = 55 ± 12 years; 65% male) were followed for 67 ± 34 months with death/transplant confirmed via the Social Security Index and Mayo Clinic registry. PF included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and alveolar volume (VA). Patients were divided in tertiles according to PF with survival analysis via log-rank Mantel-Cox test with chi-square analysis. Groups for FVC included (1) >96%, (2) 96% to 81%, and (3) <81% predicted (chi-square = 18.9, P< 0.001). Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (BC) suggested differences between groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.001) and 2 and 3 ( P = 0.008). Groups for FEV1 included (1) >94%, (2) 94% to 77%, and (3) <77% predicted (chi-square = 17.3, P < 0.001). BC suggested differences between groups 1 and 3 ( P < 0.001). Groups for DLCO included (1) >90%, (2) 90% to 75%, and (3) <75% predicted (chi-square = 11.9, P = 0.003). BC suggested differences between groups 1 and 3 >( P < 0.001). Groups for VA included (1) <97%, (2) 97% to 87%, and (3) <87% predicted (Chi-square = 8.5, P = 0.01). BC suggested differences between groups 1 and 2 ( P = 0.014) and 1 and 3 >( P = 0.003). Conclusions In a well-defined cohort of HF patients, resting measures of PF are predictive of all-cause mortality.

An Evaluation of the Initial Treatment of Acute Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Zvi Ben-Zvi ◽  
Carin Lam ◽  
Jane Hoffman ◽  
Katherine C. Teets-Grimm ◽  
Meyer Kattan
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
The One ◽  
Β2 Agonist

Two treatment regimens for the initial treatment of acute asthma in 50 patients between the ages of 12 and 20 years seen in the emergency room were evalvated. The treatments were randomized such that 26 patients received 2.5 mg of the β2-agonist fenoterol by nebulizer and 24 patients received 0.3 mg of epinephrine followed by 0.75 mg of Sus-Phrine. Clinical assessment and spirometry were performed over a two-hour period. Both groups responded within ten minutes and peak improvement was reached within one hour. Peak expiratory flow and clinical score were better following fenoterol treatment in the first hour (P &lt; .05). The one-second forced expiratory volume and the forced expiratory flow in the middle half of the vital capacity were greater at 20 minutes with fenoterol (P &lt; .05). Those with more severe obstruction (forced expiratory volume &lt; 30%) receiving aerosol therapy also had significantly greater improvement in the first 20 minutes compared with those who received injections. Four patients failed to respond to epinephrine whereas all patients showed improvement with fenoterol (P &lt; .05). These results demonstrated that an inhaled β2-agonist is effective in the initial treatment of acute asthma in children, regardless of severity, and avoids the need for injections.

Acute and Chronic Theophylline Therapy in Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Gail G. Shapiro ◽  
William E. Pierson ◽  
Carol S. Dorsett
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Asthma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effectiveness of theophylline therapy in modifying exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in children with perennial asthma and evaluated whether tolerance to theophylline developed with prolonged use. Twenty-one children between 7 and 16 years of age were studied by a standardized treadmill exercise test carried out before administration of theophylline, 90 minutes after administration of theophylline, and again after three weeks of round-the-clock theophylline treatment. Changes in forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate were measured before and after each exercise test. Theophylline inhibited EIB in 20 of 21 subjects. There was considerable intersubject variation in the response to theophylline, however, ranging from complete inhibition in five subjects to no inhibition at all in one subject, even though theophylline controlled perennial asthma in all subjects, and all but one had theophylline levels between 10 and 22 µg/ml when tested. On repeated testing after three weeks of therapy, no tolerance developed to theophylline. These findings suggest that EIB and perennial asthma may result from different causes and that theophylline's ability to control asthma will not predict its effect on EIB. Subjects who have severe EIB should be retested after theophylline pretreatment to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document