scholarly journals Characterization of Varroa destructor Mites in Cuba Using Mitochondrial and Nuclear Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anais Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos A. Yadró ◽  
Adolfo Pérez ◽  
Ciro Invernizzi ◽  
Ivanna Tomasco
Keyword(s):  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Allele Size ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers ◽  
New Alleles

AbstractVarroa destructor has been present in Cuba since 1996, but without the use of acaricidal infestation rates remain at very low levels. The presence of Korean haplotype mites was described in 2007, but there is no information regarding the introgression of the less virulent Japanese haplotype that could account for a low pathogenicity of the mite. In this research, we carried out molecular characterization of Cuban Varroa mites through mitochondrial DNA and hypervariable nuclear loci. We applied an alternative RFLP technique and found that all the analyzed samples corresponded to Korean haplotypes. We analyzed the three STRs loci VD112, VD114 and VD016, previously described as highly variable and found new alleles in all of them, with an absolute allele size very different to those reported worldwide. We also detected genic and genotypic differentiation between samples from two nearby locations (P=0.08). We also tested a new RFLP method for mite haplotype discrimination with an intra-reaction positive control of digestion.

Mitochondrial haplotype analyses of the mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) collected from honeybees Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Uruguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1526-1529
Author(s):  
Yamandú Mendoza ◽  
Estela Gramajo ◽  
Ciro Invernizzi ◽  
Ivanna H. Tomasco
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Internal Positive Control ◽  
First Time

The ectoparasite Varroa destructor is currently the main health problem faced by honeybees Apis mellifera in the world. It has been identified that two haplotypes were able of infecting and reproducing in this species: the “Korean haplotype” (K) and the “Japanese haplotype” (J). Both haplotypes differ in their virulence, being the K haplotype more harmful than the J. V. destructor was detected for the first time in Uruguay in 1978, but its effect on honeybees is very different depending on the region of the country. Although the K haplotype predominates in South America, the presence of J haplotype in Uruguay is possible, and may be the cause of different virulence of the mites. The aims of this study were to identify the haplotype of V. destructor existing throughout Uruguay and, at the same time, to present a new strategy of RFLP which that presents an internal positive control of digestion. Despite the differences in the effect of V. destructor on honeybees in different areas of the country, all the colonies evaluated presented the K haplotype. The presence in the past of haplotype J cannot be ruled out, and could be assessed with independent nuclear markers.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Brassinosteroid Analogs of Type 24-Nor-5β-Cholane and 23-Benzoate Function in the Side Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4808
Author(s):  
Nitza Soto ◽  
Karoll Ferrer ◽  
Katy Díaz ◽  
César González ◽  
Lautaro Taborga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Procedure ◽  
Hyodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
External Stresses

Brassinosteroids are polyhydroxysteroids that are involved in different plants’ biological functions, such as growth, development and resistance to biotic and external stresses. Because of its low abundance in plants, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of brassinosteroids analogs. Herein, we report the synthesis of brassinosteroid 24-nor-5β-cholane type analogs with 23-benzoate function and 22,23-benzoate groups. The synthesis was accomplished with high reaction yields in a four-step synthesis route and using hyodeoxycholic acid as starting material. All synthesized analogs were tested using the rice lamina inclination test to assess their growth-promoting activity and compare it with those obtained for brassinolide, which was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the diasteroisomeric mixture of monobenzoylated derivatives exhibit the highest activity at the lowest tested concentrations (1 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−7 M), being even more active than brassinolide. Therefore, a simple synthetic procedure with high reaction yields that use a very accessible starting material provides brassinosteroid synthetic analogs with promising effects on plant growth. This exploratory study suggests that brassinosteroid analogs with similar chemical structures could be a good alternative to natural brassinosteroids.

scholarly journals A Tracer Study on sCO2 Corrosion with Multiple Oxygen-Bearing Impurities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Lehmusto ◽  
Anton V. Ievlev ◽  
Ercan Cakmak ◽  
James R. Keiser ◽  
Bruce A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Tracer Study ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Scale Thickness ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Temperature Reactions ◽  
Ti Addition

AbstractSeveral modern power production systems utilize supercritical CO2 (sCO2), which can contain O2 and H2O as impurities. These impurities may degrade the compatibility of structural alloys through accelerated oxidation. However, it remains unclear which of these impurities plays a bigger role in high-temperature reactions taking place in sCO2. In this study, various model and commercial Fe‐ and Ni‐based alloys were exposed in 300 bar sCO2 at 750 °C to low levels (50 ppm) of O2 and H2O for 1,000 h. 18O-enriched water was used to enable the identification of the oxygen source in the post-exposure characterization of the samples. However, oxygen from the water did not accumulate in the scale, which consisted of Cr2O3 in the cases where a protective oxide formed. A 2wt.% Ti addition to a Ni-22%Cr model alloy resulted in the formation of thicker oxides in sCO2, while a 1wt.% Al addition reduced the scale thickness. A synergistic effect of both Al and Ti additions resulted in an even thicker oxide than what was formed solely by Ti, similar to observations for Ni-based alloy 282.

scholarly journals Characterization of Trypsin Inhibitor in Florunner Peanut Seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Ahmed ◽  
J. A. Applewhite
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Florunner peanut seeds contained five trypsin isoinhibitors. Amino acid profiles of the trypsin inhibitors fraction showed high levels of aspartic acid, half-cystine and serine and low levels of histidine and tyrosine. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was 8.3 KDa. The presence of multiforms of this inhibitor, its low molecular weight and the high amount of half-cystine indicate that peanut trypsin inhibitor is of the Bowman-Birk type.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antipyretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. in Escherichia coli–induced pyretic rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879295
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Sabira Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the antipyretic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. against Escherichia coli ( E. coli)-induced pyrexia in rabbits. Hydroalcohalic extracts of C. depressus were given orally at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for antipyretic affect in E. coli-induced fever in rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups of five each. Among these five groups, three received various doses of experimental treatments, whereas the fourth one served as positive control and received paracetamol. The fifth group of animals served as negative control and received no treatment. The body temperature of the rabbits was measured rectally over a period of 5 h. C. depressus exhibited better effects at dose rate of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. depressus has significant antipyretic effect. These results lend support to the popular use of C. depressus in traditional medicine as a remedy for pyrexia and suggest that the characterization of the principles for such activity deserves further investigation.

Uncovering cryptic diversity in Aspidomorphus (Serpentes: Elapidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve A. Metzger ◽  
Fred Kraus ◽  
Allen Allison ◽  
Christopher L. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

Characterization of human multipotential stromal cells from fracture non-union patients; low levels of surface receptors for licensing cytokines

Cytotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. e23
Author(s):  
Jehan El-Jawhari ◽  
Georgios Kleftouris ◽  
Yasser El-Sherbiny ◽  
Elena Jones ◽  
Peter Giannoudis
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Low Levels
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