scholarly journals Perception of the National Entrepreneurship Conditions – Differences Across Time and Expert Specialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sanja Pfeifer ◽  
Slavica Singer ◽  
Nataša Šarlija ◽  
Sunčica Oberman Peterka
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
External Context ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Perceptual Difference ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Abstract Creating an external context that will have nourishing effect on the entrepreneurial activities seems to be timely, path and location dependent process. The systemic explorations of the national entrepreneurial context (environment) are still relatively underrepresented. The paper explores strengths and weaknesses of the national entrepreneurship conditions in Croatia and how stable these conditions are in the longer time frame. The aim of the study is to provide more detailed insight on the differences in perceptions among experts engaged in Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and along the time. Findings indicate deterioration of the national entrepreneurial conditions in Croatia. Experts’ perceptions of national entrepreneurial conditions diverge between experts who have and those who do not have prior entrepreneurial experiences. The time also matters – perceptual difference in evaluating the quality of national entrepreneurship conditions is observed across 2015–2018.

High Value-Added Business Angels at post-investment stages: Key predictors

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Hoyos-Iruarrizaga ◽  
Ana Fernández-Sainz ◽  
María Saiz-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Start Ups

This article examines the differences and features displayed by business angels (BAs), depending on the extent of their involvement with, and support for, the start-ups they finance measured by expertise, experience and contacts. With a sample of 293 Spanish BAs, using data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey, our results indicate that investors who develop more rigorous screening processes in the pre-investment process and hold regular meetings with founder teams are more likely to become High Value-Added Business Angels (HVBAs). Accordingly, the ability of BAs to transfer so-called ‘smart capital’ is conditioned by the levels of screening and assessment applied at the pre-investment stage in terms of both the quality of projects and founder teams and the extent to which the expectations and profiles of the two parties match.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN AMERICAN INDIAN NATIONS: EXTENDING THE GEM METHODOLOGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350009
Author(s):  
REBECCA J. FRANKLIN ◽  
MICHAEL H. MORRIS ◽  
JUSTIN W. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Indian Nations

Drawing on institutional theory and using a methodology adapted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), early stage entrepreneurial activities are examined within American Indian nations. Examining a context within a larger institutional context, comparisons are made between three American Indian nations and the United States. Patterns are identified regarding total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), nascent entrepreneurship, business discontinuation and new and established business rates. Additional analyses are conducted of individual-level variables within American Indian nations including location, self-efficacy and other variables in relation to nascent entrepreneurship and business ownership. Implications are drawn for tribal entrepreneurship development and further extension of the GEM methodology.

The More the Merrier? Immigrant Share and Entrepreneurial Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguang Li ◽  
Rodrigo Isidor ◽  
Luis Alfonso Dau ◽  
Rudy Kabst
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillover ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Knowledge Spillover Theory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between immigrant share and entrepreneurial activities in a country. Building on knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), we hypothesize that immigrant share positively relates to the creation, growth, and export activities of new firms through knowledge spillover between immigrant and native communities. We further suggest that favorable attitudes of natives toward immigrants positively moderate this relationship. Using data for 32 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we find support for the hypothesized direct relationships and for the moderating influence of a nation's attitude toward immigrants. Our study has implications for KSTE and research on entrepreneurship and immigration.

scholarly journals Women Entrepreneurship in Visegrad Region and its Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1899-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Holienka ◽  
Zuzana Jančovičová ◽  
Zuzana Kovačičová
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Visegrád Countries

The aim of our paper is to analyze the quantitative aspects of entrepreneurial activity among female population, and to investigate for drivers of women involvement in early‑stage entrepreneurial activities in Visegrad countries (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland). We employ Global Entrepreneurship Monitor national and individual level data for four consecutive years 2011 – 2014 (altogether 16,036 respondents). First, we analyze the main indicators of female entrepreneurial activity, including the inclusivity index, using the descriptive statistics methods. Second, we execute logistic regression analysis and look for the factors related to entering the entrepreneurial path among women in our region, while considering the opportunity and necessity motive dichotomy. Our results show that women in V4 region exhibit more sceptic attitudes towards entrepreneurship as well as low inclusion in entrepreneurial activity in all stages, compared to their male counterparts. Further in our analysis, we have identified the most important factors that act as women entrepreneurship drivers, considering its motivation. Our findings therefore unveil the problematic aspects of women entrepreneurship in Visegrad countries and point out the potential solutions. In our paper we further discuss these findings and their implications.

scholarly journals Impact of Globalization on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet İncekara ◽  
Mesut Savrul
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Modern World ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Contemporarily, globalization is regarded as one of the most comprehensive forces that shape the modern world. It led to major increases in worldwide trade and exchanges in an increasingly open, integrated, and borderless international economy. The participation of developing countries in the globalization process created an opportunity for them to better utilize their comparative advantages through entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is often associated with job creation, wealth creation, innovation and its related welfare effects. Thus it is generally credited with economic development instrument especially for developing countries. In this regard, impact of globalization on entrepreneurship in developing countries is investigated in the study. Entrepreneurship and globalization data is collected from KOF Index of Globalization and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data of the countries classified by UNDP Country Classification System. Comparison of the data has shown that globalization has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities and although entrepreneurship levels are rising all over the world it is more effective in developing countries than developed ones and emerging markets in the last decade due to the increase in the globalization process.

scholarly journals The influence of human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Baier-Fuentes ◽  
Esther Hormiga ◽  
José Ernesto Amorós ◽  
David Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the influence of entrepreneurs’ human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of their firms from two economically different contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis study was developed using data that were collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of Spain and Chile. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine and compare the influence of some elements of entrepreneurs’ human and relational capital on the likelihood of their firms’ rapid internationalization.FindingsThe results revealed that Chilean entrepreneurs rely more on their formal education or experience to rapidly internationalize their firms. In contrast, Spanish entrepreneurs complement their formal education with their relational capital to conduct international entrepreneurial activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of this study are related to the role that public policies play in promoting these types of entrepreneurial initiatives.Originality/valueThis study presents several contributions. First, it advances the understanding of entrepreneurial internationalization in emerging economic contexts. Second, it provides a comparative study regarding entrepreneurial internationalization, which is considered a fundamental current in the field of international entrepreneurship. Finally, this comparative study improves our understanding of the influence of different economic contexts on entrepreneurial internationalization.

Bioethics In Neurospinal Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andi Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurosurgery is among the newest of surgical disciplines, appearing in its modern incarnation at the dawn of twentieth century with the work of Harvey Cushing and contemporaries. Neurosurgical ethics involves challenges of manipulating anatomical locus of human identity and concerns of surgeons and patients who find themselves bound together in that venture.In recent years, neurosurgery ethics has taken on greater relevance as changes in society and technology have brought novel questions into sharp focus. Change of expanded armamentarium of techniques for interfacing with the human brain and spine— demand that we use philosophical reasoning to assess merits of technical innovations.Bioethics can be defined as systematic study of moral challenges in medicine, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies related to medicine. Every surgeon should still take the Hippocratic Oath seriously and consider it a basic guide to follow good medical ethics in medical practice. It is simple and embodies three of the four modern bioethics principles – Respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. Currently, scientists are pressured on many fronts to develop an all-encompassing “cure” for paralysis. While scientific understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration has advanced greatly in the past years, there are still many unknowns with regard to inducing successful regeneration. A more realistic approach is required if we are interested in improving the quality of life of a large proportion of the paralyzed population in a more expedient time frame.

Do You Need to be Risk-Tolerant to Become an Entrepreneur? The Importance of the Reference Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Fuentelsaz ◽  
Juan P. Maicas ◽  
Javier Montero
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Educational

AbstractThe creation of new ventures involves a great deal of risk and uncertainty. However, research has been theoretically divergent and empirically inconclusive about the influence of individuals’ risk tolerance on entrepreneurial entry. In this paper, we argue that this relationship is contingent on the reference point of individuals, taking into account the human capital and the opportunity cost of individuals when they decide to start a venture. This approach allows us to clarify some of the previous mixed results in the literature. We use a sample of almost 600,000 individuals from 90 countries that have participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project between 2010 and 2014. Our results show that individuals with previous experience as entrepreneurs do not need to be so risk-tolerant to set up their own venture, while individuals with a job and/or a high educational level need to be especially risk-tolerant to become entrepreneurs.

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