scholarly journals Technological Trends in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors. The Case of Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Nina Vujanović
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Technological efficiency is one of the main factors of economic growth in modern history. Technologies have traditionally been important for manufacturing sector, but the age of digitalization has also made service sector increasingly rely on modern technologies. There are not many studies measuring the technological trends of these two sectors. This study uses the micro approach of the dynamic panel to measure productivity of the manufacturing and service sectors in Montenegro during 2010 to 2019, between the two global economic crises, using firm level data. The results indicate a clear upward technological trend in manufacturing but not in the service sector. Divergent technological trends are found amongst the manufacturing and service industries that require different level of technologies and knowledge in their production processes. The study concludes that there is a room for further technological improvements in both sectors and proposes concrete policy measures for further development.

scholarly journals Inward Investment and Market Structure in an Open Developing Economy: A Case of India’s Manufacturing Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Country Market ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Policy Measures

India announced series of liberalization measures since mid 1980s that inter-alia led to an unprecedented increase in the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). Evidence suggests that the rising inflows of FDI have influence on host country market structure though the direction is uncertain. Analytically, market structure has implications on the long run growth path of an economy through its effect on the allocation of economic resources among various economic activities including innovation. In this context, the objective of this paper is to analyze the bearing of FDI on market concentration with special reference to India’s manufacturing industries during the post-reform period. The study made use of firm level and product level data and panel regression techniques to fulfill the objective. The estimated model has shown a positive and significant influence of FDI on market concentration. If the result of the study is any indication, the increased inflow of FDI is likely to make India’s manufacturing sector more concentrated and calls for policy measures to mitigate undesirable outcomes of FDI inflows.

scholarly journals Regional dimension of firm level productivity determinants: the case of manufacturing and service firms in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (52) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Jan Jakub Michałek ◽  
Iryna Gauger
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to empirically investigate the regional dimension of productivity determinants for 24 regions of Ukraine using micro-level dataset for individual firms in 2013. The novelty of our analysis is the comparison of the determinants of productivity in the manufacturing and service sectors. We estimate both pooled regressions for all regions and separate regressions for particular regions. The estimation results obtained for the entire country demonstrate that the majority of our explanatory variables are statistically significant for the manufacturing sector and all are statistically significant for the service sector although at different levels of significance. At the same time, the estimation results obtained separately for each region show a large degree of heterogeneity across the regions and sectors and the lack of scale economies at the firm-level.

The Demographics of Trade-Affected Services and Manufacturing Workers (1987–1990): A Comparative Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Armah
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
College Education ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
White Males ◽  
Group A

Using input-output data for 1987 and 1990, this study identifies the demographic characteristics of trade-affected workers in U.S. manufacturing and service industries. Trade-affected workers are defined as employees in industries that experienced a change (positive or negative) in net total (direct and indirect) trade-related employment between 1987 and 1990. For the period 1987–1990, three industry categories were examined: (a) industries that experienced an increase in positive net trade-related employment; (b) industries that experienced a decline in positive net trade-related employment; and (c) industries that suffered net trade-related employment losses in both years yet experienced an improvement over the period. The study finds that, while manufacturing industry workers in the most favorably affected industry group (i.e., group “a”) were more likely to be highly skilled (i.e., scientists & engineers), highly educated (i.e., over four years of college education), unionized, married and white males, corresponding service sector workers were predominantly unskilled (laborers), less educated, non-unionized, young (i.e., aged 16–24) and male (black and white). Furthermore, the service sector was associated with greater mean trade-related employment and output gains and lower mean employment and output losses than was the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Health Insurance Coverage and Firm Performance: Evidence Using Firm Level Data from Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Tien Manh Vu
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Level Data

Abstract In literature, there is limited direct evidence regarding the effect of health insurance coverage on firm performance and worker productivity. We study the impacts of health insurance on medium- and large-scale domestic private firms’ performance and productivity in Vietnam, using a large firm level census dataset. We find statistically, but suggestive, positive health insurance effects on both aggregate profit and profit per worker for both complying and non-complying firms when using the full sample. We further restrict the sample to specific industries. The positive health insurance effects could exist for both complying and non-complying firms in the heavy manufacturing and construction sector, while such positive effects could be only significant for complying firms in the wholesale/retail sectors. We could not find any evidence of positive health insurance effects in the light manufacturing sector. These results imply that the impacts of health insurance could be industry specific.

scholarly journals The Rise of Robots in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cheng ◽  
Ruixue Jia ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Hongbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Aggregate Industry

China is the world’s largest user of industrial robots. In 2016, sales of industrial robots in China reached 87,000 units, accounting for around 30 percent of the global market. To put this number in perspective, robot sales in all of Europe and the Americas in 2016 reached 97,300 units (according to data from the International Federation of Robotics). Between 2005 and 2016, the operational stock of industrial robots in China increased at an annual average rate of 38 percent. In this paper, we describe the adoption of robots by China’s manufacturers using both aggregate industry-level and firm-level data, and we provide possible explanations from both the supply and demand sides for why robot use has risen so quickly in China. A key contribution of this paper is that we have collected some of the world’s first data on firms’ robot adoption behaviors with our China Employer-Employee Survey (CEES), which contains the first firm-level data that is representative of the entire Chinese manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Import Liberalization of Intermediates and Environment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yun He ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Composition ◽  
Level Lowering

This paper investigates how the import liberalization of intermediates affects firm-level pollution emissions. We divide the impact of freer import of intermediates on pollution emissions into induced scale, composition and technique effects and then develop interaction terms to examine these effects. Relying on a panel of plant-level data from China manufacturing sector for the period 2001 to 2007, we find freer import of intermediate inputs is conducive to pollution reductions at the plant level, lowering pollution via induced technique and composition effects and, in turn, increasing emission through induced scale effect. In summary, import liberalization of intermediate inputs can contribute to the better environmental performance of China manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Does Road Investment Really Promote the Export? Evidence from Sichuan County-level Data of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Lihe Xu ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoshan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
County Level ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tradable Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Whether road infrastructure promotes export is still a concerned issue debated in the previous studies. In this paper, we conduct a panel data using two data sources from year 2003 to 2013, examining the relationship between road investment and export. The primary results show that road investment significantly restricts local export. A further test indicates that the road infrastructure benefits service sector, 1) abstract more private capital investment on service sector than manufacturing sector, 2) reduce the employee of tradable sector. Then manufacturing sector was constrained. The results are robust when a set test is carried out.

Performance and Determinants of India’s GDP Since 1950: A Quantitative Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-131
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Pandey ◽  
Annapurna Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes ◽  
Sector Service

he planned economic development during the 40 years period (1950-91) has showed a mixed scenario. For example per annum growth in GDP during first fifteen years 1950-65 was found at 4 percent while during the period 1967-80 it declined marginally and stood at merely 3.45 percent per annum. However the decade of eighties which witnessed improvement in Agricultural sector, Mining & Manufacturing sector, Service sector and Export sector has resulted in 5.46 per cent per annum growth in the GDP. In this connection it is significant to observe that the overall growth in GDP during the period 1950 to 1991 was not very impressive due to constant pulls and pressures. In the early 1991, Indian economy faced several economic crises, like fiscal imbalances, mounting inflationary pressures and severe balance of payment crisis etc. The congress government, which assumed office at the end of June 1991, responded quickly to these problems. As a rescue measure, a series of new policy measures were announced in July 1991 by the government of India. These are also known as Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of 1991.The major thrust of present paper is to evaluate the performance (for the period 1950 to 2006) as well as determinants (for the period 1975 to 2006) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indian economy.

scholarly journals Kesenjangan Upah Antargender di Indonesia: Bukti Empiris di Sektor Manufaktur

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Martesa Husna Laili ◽  
Arie Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
And Gender

Theoretically, in the labor market without discrimination, wages should be paid according to productivity. Unlike other studies that use worker level data, this study will identify gender wage discrimination using firm-level data. Using Industrial Survey Data in 1996 and 2006, the gender wage ratio and gender productivity ratio were estimated simultaneously using the nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NLSUR) with least square estimator. We find that there is wage discrimination against women in the manufacturing sector. After disaggregating the firms by trade orientation, we show that wage discrimination against women occurs in non-exporting firms. While in exporting firms there is no wage discrimination. ========================= Secara teori, di pasar kerja yang tidak ada diskriminasi, seharusnya upah dibayar sesuai dengan produktivitas. Berbeda dengan penelitian lain yang menggunakan data level pekerja, penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi diskriminasi upah antargender dengan menggunakan data di level perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan data Industri Besar dan Sedang tahun 1996 dan 2006, rasio upah gender dan rasio produktivitas gender diestimasi secara simultan menggunakan metode non-linear seemingly unrelated regression (NLSUR) dengan estimator least square. Penelitian ini menemukan bukti ada diskriminasi upah terhadap perempuan di sektor manufaktur. Setelah mendisagregasi perusahaan berdasarkan status ekspor, diskriminasi upah terhadap perempuan ditemukan di perusahaan non-eksportir, sedangkan di perusahaan eksportir tidak ditemukan diskriminasi upah.

scholarly journals Identifying Service Market Reform Priorities in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Belhocine ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Macia
Keyword(s):  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Exit Barriers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Italian Firm

Italy’s labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European countries, especially in strongly regulated sectors. A model of monopolistic competition is used to identify which service sectors would benefit more from removing entry and/or exit barriers. Using Italian firm-level data, the paper finds that sectors with high markups, such as professional services, would primarily benefit from removing entry barriers. Sectors with a large mass of unproductive firms, such as retail, would instead benefit from removing exit barriers. Policy recommendations to improve efficiency are outlined in relation to the sectoral priorities identified in the data.

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