scholarly journals Impact of Using a Filter in a Direct Gasoline Injection Engine Exhaust System on the Emitted Particle Mass and Number

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Barbara Sokolnicka ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Maciej Siedlecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filtration ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe article presents emission test results comparison carried out on a dynamic engine dynamometer. Parameters were recorded during a drive made in accordance with the requirements of the RDE. Test bench allowed to determine the particle mass and number emission in the repetitive engine operation conditions. One of three used elements wan an OEM solution from one of particulate filters producers, the other was intended for use in original systems, the third was a custom product. The highest efficiency of particulate filtration was demonstrated by the last filter, which was adapted to the engine.

Methodology to Optimize and Predict the Measurement Point Distribution for Compressor Mapping on the Hot-Gas Test Bench

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Mai ◽  
André Kaufmann ◽  
Mathias Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Test System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Matching Process

Abstract Current and future legal requirements for internal combustion engines (ICE) are increasing the complexity of modern charging systems. Test system manufacturers are facing high demands in terms of hardware specifications and methods for turbocharger testing on a hot-gas test bench. Innovative test systems and methodologies help to improve the quality of the turbocharger and engine matching process and significantly optimize the operating strategy in engine process simulation, especially in the early development and design phase. The compressor and turbine characteristic maps are the most important sources of information in order to quantify the performance of the turbocharger. This is achieved in practice by thermodynamically evaluating turbochargers on the hot-gas test bench under test conditions that are as close as possible to real engine operation conditions. Turbocharger compressor mapping relies on the measurement of pressure and temperature upstream and downstream of the compressor at designated operating points. For use in the turbocharger matching process, mostly equidistant points on the operation line between surge and choke are required. Comparison to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) requires a higher density of measurement points, especially in the vicinity of maximum compressor efficiency to analyze different geometries. The requirement to measure different point distributions at fixed rotational speed is the logical consequence. The primary objective of this paper is to develop and evaluate a methodology that allows different operating point distributions of compressor speed lines for the compressor mapping on the hot-gas test bench. The secondary objective deals with the prediction of the measurement points with respect to pressure ratio and volume flow rate at a fixed rotational speed. This facilitates the pre-selection of settings on the hot-gas test bench.

Mechanism Investigations of Fluid-Solid Conjugate Heat Transfers for Vehicle Exhaust System

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Guo Quan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Heat Transfers ◽  
Transfer Study

A conjugate heat transfer study was undertaken using STAR-CD. The boundary conditions are given by vehicle operation and engine operation. All three mechanisms of heat transfer, i.e., convection, conduction, and radiation, were included in the analysis. The vehicle exhaust system components temperatures were analysized at certain several separate variables such as the velocity and temperature of the exhaust gases which depend on the engine operation conditions and the velocity and temperature of the external airflows which depend on vehicle operations. The results showed all three mechanisms of heat transfer and increased quantitative understanding of the flow conditions surrounding vehicle exhaust system.

Research on Cylinder Head Thermal State Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 668-671
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Sun ◽  
Zhen Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Head Surface ◽  
Surface Temperature Field

The thermal state of the cylinder head has a huge influence on its fatigue and damage situation; therefore it is essential to accurately simulate the thermal state of the cylinder head during engine operation. In this paper, a method research of the cylinder head thermal state simulation test has been done. A thermal state simulation test bench has been launched, using induction heating and water-cooling to regulate the temperature. A series of cylinder head surface temperature field simulation tests has been accomplished. Compared to the actual engine test results, the temperature simulation results have an average error of less than 5% and a maximum error of 8.5% in these temperature test points. It turns out that the test bench can simulate the actual cylinder head temperature distribution accurately and will has significant effects on the research of the cylinder head thermal stress distribution and thermal fatigue situation.

scholarly journals Development and testing of a tool for the decontamination of corners and inner edges on concrete surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Shanyao Zhang ◽  
Sascha Gentes ◽  
Kurt Heppler ◽  
Alexander Heneka ◽  
Carla-Olivia Krauß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dust Load

Abstract. For the decontamination of flat concrete surfaces, a wide variety of tools are available; however, these tools cannot be used for the decontamination of corners, inner edges, gaps and other geometrical discontinuities. Currently, these areas are worked by hand-held tools with a connected vacuum exhaust system to reduce dust emissions. The combination of using heavy hand-operated tools with exhaust systems on difficult to access areas as well as the forces and vibration of the tools, make the task of decontamination a burden and add additional physical stress for the operator. The goal of the research project called EKont, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research, BMBF), is, to develop an innovative semi-automated demonstrator for dry mechanical decontamination of corners, edges and geometrical discontinuities in nuclear facilities. The tool will have a flexible housing with an integrated exhaust system to reduce the dust load. This specialized tool should make the decontamination of corners and inner edges more effective regarding time and the generation of secondary waste and should further spare the musculoskeletal system of the operator physical stress by lowering the vibrations and weight of the tool. For this task, a test bench for testing and evaluating different methods of surface decontamination has been set up. The test bench enables the measurement of forces and vibrations of the machine during the decontamination and the dust emissions. Based on the analysis of different decontamination methods and tools, four prototypes are being developed. This project also aims at the scientific investigation of experimentally collected performance parameters, such as feed rate, removal depth per operation, surface roughness and removal rate, in order to determine the relevant parameters of the developed prototypes. A field test of the prototypes together with decommissioning companies is scheduled. The prototype is not limited to use in nuclear facilities but later can also be used in conventional fields, for example in the decontamination of materials containing PCBs and asbestos. In this presentation the EKont test bench and prototypes will be explained and the test results will be presented.

scholarly journals Flow resistance in the engine inlet-exhaust system as affected by the engine parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Zbigniew ŻMUDKA ◽  
Stefan POSTRZEDNIK
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Fresh Charge

The paper presents theoretical and experimanetal research into the process of charge exchange in a spark ignition engine (the process of cylinder filling and discharging). A significant role in the inlet system plays the resistance of the flow of a fresh charge through the throttle, particularly when its partially opened. In classic spark ignition engine solutions this flow resistance is a part of the engine load imposition. The problem has been illustrated by the theoretical and experimental test results of the influence of the pressure drop Δpd on the side of the fresh charge flow and the pressure drop Δpw in the exhaust system on the engine operation. Relations have been determined between the engine operating parameters and the flow conditions of the charge/exhaust gases.

ЦИФРОВОЙ ИЗОЛЯТОР В СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОМ КОРПУСЕ, ВЫПОЛНЕННОМ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ LTCC

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 392-395
Author(s):  
В.А. Бутузов ◽  
А.Е. Назаренко ◽  
Н.Ю. Дмитриев ◽  
В.А. Трофимов ◽  
В.А. Косевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Made In

Представлены результаты разработки цифрового изолятора на основе интегрального микротрансформатора в специализированном корпусе, выполненном по технологии низкотемпературной совместно обжигаемой керамики (LTCC). Согласно результатам измерений тестовых образцов максимальная скорость передачи данных разработанного цифрового изолятора - не менее 30 Мбит/с. The paper presents the results of the development of a digital insulator based on an integral microtransformer in a specialized package made in technology of low-temperature co-fired ceramics. The isolator is a microassembly consisting of a transceiver chip and an integrated transformer. According to the test results, the maximum data rate speed of the developed digital insulator is not less than 30 Mbit/s.

Measurement of cycle-resolved engine-out soot concentration from a diesel-pilot assisted natural gas direct-injection compression-ignition engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742098626
Author(s):  
Pooyan Kheirkhah ◽  
Patrick Kirchen ◽  
Steven Rogak
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Port ◽  
Exhaust Stream

Exhaust-stream particulate matter (PM) emission from combustion sources such as internal combustion engines are typically characterized with modest temporal resolutions; however, in-cylinder investigations have demonstrated significant variability and the importance of individual cycles in transient PM emissions. Here, using a Fast Exhaust Nephelometer (FEN), a methodology is developed for measuring the cycle-specific PM concentration at the exhaust port of a single-cylinder research engine. The measured FEN light-scattering is converted to cycle-resolved soot mass concentration ([Formula: see text]), and used to characterize the variability of engine-out soot emission. To validate this method, exhaust-port FEN measurements are compared with diluted gravimetric PM mass and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements, resulting in close agreements with an overall root-mean-square deviation of better than 30%. It is noted that when PM is sampled downstream in the exhaust system, the particles are larger by 50–70 nm due to coagulation. The response time of the FEN was characterized using a “skip-firing” scheme, by enabling and disabling the fuel injection during otherwise steady-state operation. The average response time due to sample transfer and mixing times is 55 ms, well below the engine cycle period (100 ms) for the considered engine speeds, thus suitable for single-cycle measurements carried out in this work. Utilizing the fast-response capability of the FEN, it is observed that cycle-specific gross indicated mean effective pressure (GIMEP) and [Formula: see text] are negatively correlated ([Formula: see text]: 0.2–0.7), implying that cycles with lower GIMEP emit more soot. The physical causes of this association deserve further investigation, but are expected to be caused by local fuel-air mixing effects. The averaged exhaust-port [Formula: see text] is similar to the diluted gravimetric measurements, but the cycle-to-cycle variations can only be detected with the FEN. The methodology developed here will be used in future investigations to characterize PM emissions during transient engine operation, and to enable exhaust-stream PM measurements for optical engine experiments.

Quantifying Optical Tip-Timing Probe Error With Laboratory Apparatus

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Hockaday
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Optical Probes ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Timing Resolution ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Made In

Detection of airfoil time of arrival with optical probes has been evolving since the 1980s. Time of arrival data are used to infer airfoil stresses caused by vibration through a sequence of manipulations. The data conversion begins by converting arrival time to blade position, so blade deflection can be determined from the expected non-vibrating position. Various methods are used in the industry to convert deflection data to frequency, amplitude, and stress, which is beyond the scope of this paper. Regardless of the analytical approach used, producing accurate stress information relies on the precise detection and measurement of time of arrival, which equates to blade position. Recent improvements have been made in time of arrival system accuracy by running faster clocks to increase temporal resolution of the measurement. Greater timing resolution, afforded by clock speed, will have diminishing returns when probe and blade-tip interactions begin producing dominant errors. In the case of optical probes, the blade-tip needs to be treated as a curved reflector in the optical system that is capable of introducing dynamic errors. In engine operation the blade-tip moves axially under the probe from untwist, static deflection, and vibration, causing the light to reflect from different parts of the blade-tip. This relative movement between the probe and blade-tip cause the arrival time to change dynamically. Neglecting the dynamic arrival errors caused by the blade-tip’s optical properties will result in blade deflection-errors that propagate into the stress information. This paper presents a laboratory study that quantifies time of arrival errors due to optical interaction with tip radii. The study reports measured arrival position error as a function of location and optical signal power levels. The work is presented in terms of arrival position, producing information that is independent of rotational speed, and vibratory mode.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document