Determination of Prooxidant–Antioxidant Balance during Uncomplicated Pregnancy Using a Rapid Assay

Summary Background: Oxidative stress is thought to be a major contributor to complications during pregnancy, for example preeclampsia. However, reports regarding prooxidant-antioxidant balance in uncomplicated pregnancy are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of oxidative stress in non-pregnant women with apparently normal pregnant women during the first trimester and at delivery. Methods: An assay for the determination of prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) was used in this study, in which the prooxidant burden and the antioxidant capacity were measured simultaneously in a single assay. The levels of oxidative stress were determined in 85 non-pregnant and 64 primigravid pregnant women. Results: Demographic data and biochemical indices did not differ significantly between the groups. Differences between PAB values were significant based on one-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.001). Using a post hoc test, we observed a statistically significant increase in PAB values during the first trimester and last trimester (P<0.001). Conclusions: Normal pregnancy is associated with a change in the measure of redox status, as assessed by the PAB assay.

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Preeclampsia and level of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150517251b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirjana Bogavac ◽

Ana Jakovljevic ◽

Zoran Stajic ◽

Aleksandra Nikolic ◽

Mirjana Milosevic-Tosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

A Prospective Study

Background/Aim. Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic syndrome that complicates 5?8% of all pregnancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia, with the purpose of comparing the level of oxidative stress with normal pregnancy. Methods. The study was conducted as a prospective study. It included totally 107 pregnant women divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 33) there were women who developed preeclampsia in the current pregnancy. The control group (n = 74) included healthy pregnant women. Blood samples were taken between 11th and 14th weeks of gestation, and the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in serum by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results. The values of SOD and GHS-Px were statistically higher in the study group, while the values of TAS were statistically higher in the control group. The level of TAS inversely correlated with GSH-Px and SOD, but there is no statistically significant correlation between GSHPx and SOD in the study group. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest a higher level of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy with preeclampsia, which may indicate that the initiation and development of pathophysiological processes underlying preeclampsia start much earlier than the clinical syndrome exhibit.

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Redox status of pregnant women with thrombophilia

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp200908001d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Dimitrijevic ◽

Jovana Bradic ◽

Vladimir Zivkovic ◽

Aleksandra Dimitrijevic ◽

Mirjana Milojevic-Corbic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Redox Status ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third

Background/Aim. Considering the fact that role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of thrombophilia in pregnancy has still not been clarified, the aim of our study was to assess the redox status of pregnant women with thrombophilia. Methods. The study involved 120 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: thrombophilia and normal pregnancy group. The thrombophilia group consisted of 60 pregnant women with thrombophilia, while the normal pregnancy group included 60 physiologically healthy pregnant women. Blood samples for biochemical analysis were collected at the end of first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrites (NO2-) and index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS were measured in plasma. Level of reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in erythrocytes. Results. In women with thrombophilia, NO2- values were increased in the first and third trimester when compared with healthy pregnant women (p<0.05). The higher levels of TBARS and H2O2 were noticed in women with thrombophilia in the first trimester when compared to healthy pregnant women (p<0.05). The values of SOD and CAT were lower in women with thrombophilia in the third and GSH in the first trimester compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Our results suggest increased generation of pro-oxidants in thrombophillia at the beginning of gestation, which declines as gestation progresses and reaches the similar values as in normal pregnancy at the end of pregnancy. Generally viewed, thrombophilia was associated with impaired antioxidant capacity - SOD and CAT were lower in the third and GSH in the first trimester compared to healthy women.

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Recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased numbers of CD5/20 positive lymphocytes and an increased incidence of thyroid antibodies

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1340084 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 84-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Judith Roberts ◽

Carol Jenkins ◽

Rhoda Wilson ◽

Charles Pearson ◽

Ian A Franklin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Recurrent Miscarriage ◽

Previous History ◽

Cell Subset ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽

Royal Infirmary ◽

Thyroid Antibodies

Roberts J. Jenkins C, Wilson R, Pearson C, Franklin IA, MacLean MA, McKillop JH, Walker JJ. Recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased numbers of CD5/20 positive lymphocytes and an increased incidence of thyroid antibodies. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:84–6. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this study was to determine whether recurrent miscarriage (three or more miscarriages, no live children) was associated with an increased incidence of autoantibodies. Five groups were enrolled into the study; healthy non-pregnant women, healthy first-trimester pregnant women, women suffering spontaneous abortion, those undergoing termination of pregnancy and those with a previous history of miscarriage. The number of total B cells and the numbers of the antibody producing B cell subset CD5+/CD20+ were determined for each group. Samples were tested for anticardiolipin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. The results showed that compared to normal pregnancy or spontaneous abortion, recurrent miscarriage was associated with a significant increase in the number of CD5+/20+ positive cells (0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 × 108/l: p < 0.001). These women were also found to have a higher incidence of thyroid antibodies, with four out of the 11 patients being positive for thyroid microsomal antibodies. These results suggest that there may be an association between autoimmunity and recurrent miscarriage. R Wilson, Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK

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STATUS OF OXIDANT (MDA) ANTIOXIDANT (SOD) IN FIRST AND THIRD TRIMESTER OF NORMAL PREGNANCY IN TERTIARY CENTER OF CENTRAL INDIA

10.36106/gjra/0200598 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-14

Author(s):

Tamrakar Seema ◽

Sachdeva Payasvi ◽

Tripathi Rashmi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Central India ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Metabolic Demand ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Antioxidant Supplements ◽

High Metabolic Demand

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is associated with high metabolic demand and increased demand for tissue oxygen. Consequently increased production of reactive oxygen species. This leads in increased oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant status during gestational age of normal pregnant women. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the level of oxidant and antioxidant in 1st and 3rd trimester of normal pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study included total 150 cases attended ANC Clinic at the department of Gynae LNMC & J K Hospital was screened for the study. Level of MDA was estimated by Jean et al and SOD was Marklund and Marklund. RESULTS: Findings were, that there was signicantly increase in Malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001) and signicantly decrease in superoxide dismutase activities (P<0.001) in 1st and 3rd trimester of normal pregnant women. Conclusion: present study concludes that there was difference in oxidative status due to dynamic changes. During pregnancy oxidative stress is increased and antioxidant decreased that can be fatal to the health of the mother and the fetus. Therefore antioxidant supplements should be prescribed in early pregnancy to prevent the overwhelming of oxidative stress in pregnant females.

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Impact of Endometriomas and Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis on Pregnancy Outcomes and on First and Second Trimester Markers of Impaired Placentation

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55090550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Carolina Scala ◽

Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore ◽

Fabio Barra ◽

Matteo Tantari ◽

Simone Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽

Deep Endometriosis ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background and objective: Previous studies did not draw a definitive conclusion about the influence of the role of deep endometriosis (DE) and ovarian endometrioma (OE) as risk factor for developing adverse perinatal outcomes in patients affected by endometriosis. This study aimed to investigate if adverse fetal and maternal outcomes, and in particular the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants, are different in pregnant women with OE versus pregnant women with DE without OE. Material and methods: This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a database collected prospectively. The population included in the study was divided into three groups: patients with OE, patients with DE without concomitant OE, and patients without endometriosis (controls). The controls were matched on the basis of age and parity. Demographic data at baseline and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in first trimester levels of PAPP-A, first and mid-pregnancy trimester mean Uterine Artery Doppler pulsatile index, estimated fetal weight centile, and SGA fetuses’ prevalence for patients with OE, and those with DE without OE in comparison to health women; moreover, there was no statistically significant difference with regard to SGA birth prevalence, prevalence of preeclampsia, and five-minute Apgar score between these three groups. Conclusions: The specific presence of OE or DE in pregnant women does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of delivering an SGA infant. These data seem to suggest that patients with endometriosis should be treated in pregnancy as the general population, thus not needing a closer monitoring.

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Gestational age-specific reference intervals for 15 biochemical measurands during normal pregnancy in China

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/0004563217738801 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 446-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yanpeng Dai ◽

Junjie Liu ◽

Enwu Yuan ◽

Yushan Li ◽

Quanxian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Parametric Method ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Laboratory Results

Aims Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can influence biochemical parameters. Therefore, using reference intervals based on specimens from non-pregnant women to interpret laboratory results during pregnancy may be inappropriate. This study aimed to establish the essential reference intervals for a range of analytes during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 13,656 healthy pregnant and 2634 non-pregnant women. Fifteen biochemical measurands relating to renal and hepatic function were analysed using an Olympus AU5400 analyzer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). All the laboratory results were checked for outliers using Dixon’s test. Reference intervals were established using a non-parametric method. Results Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, cholinesterase, creatinine, direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, total bile acid and total protein showed a decrease during the whole gestational period, while alkaline phosphatase and uric acid increased. Urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin and cystatin-C fell significantly during the first trimester and then remained relatively stable until third trimester. Reference intervals of all the measurands during normal pregnancy have been established. Conclusions The reference intervals established here can be adopted in other clinical laboratories after appropriate validation. We verified the importance, for some measurands, of partitioning by gestational age when establishing reference intervals during pregnancy.

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Fetal haemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin as biochemical markers in predicting preeclampsia in late first trimester and early second trimester of pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183322 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Vijaya ◽

M. Mahalakshmi ◽

I. Inbapriyanka

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

First Trimester ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Fetal Haemoglobin ◽

System Disorder

Background: Preeclampsia is a multi system disorder with placenta as the organ of origin and maternal endothelium being the organ of target. According to recent studies, the cell free haemoglobin induces oxidative stress mediated damage to the blood placenta barrier with consequently elevated levels of HbF in maternal blood. Alpha 1 microglobulin is an endogenous protein with antioxidant property, present in elevated levels in maternal blood in response to oxidative stress. This fact forms the basis for our study. The objective of the present study was to establish association between high levels of fetal hemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin in plasma of pregnant women between 10 to 16 weeks of gestational age and subsequent development of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ISO -KGH, between December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 100 pregnant women were included in the study after getting informed written consent. Both primigravida and multigravida, belonging to age group of 20 to 35 years (singleton/ multiple) between 10 to 16 weeks GA and with BMI between 16 to 35 kg/m2 were included in the study. A woman with Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Renal disease, Epilepsy and Vascular disorders were excluded from the study.Results: The cut off value for alpha 1 microglobulin was 1.86ng/ml and the cut off value of fetal haemoglobin was 1.92ng/ml above which the pregnant women develop preeclampsia.Conclusions: Higher values of fetal hemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin in pregnant women between 10 to 16 weeks gestational age positively correlates with development of preeclampsia in those women.

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Thrombin Generation in Chinese Pregnant Women and the Effect of Insulin Use on Thrombin Generation in Patients with GDM

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029619863492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 107602961986349

Author(s):

Feng Dong ◽

Longhao Wang ◽

Chengbin Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Control Blood Glucose ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) is a test to monitor the thrombin generation (TG), a laboratory marker of thrombosis risk, and increases during normal pregnancy, but it is still unclear whether TG is related to the use of insulin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed thrombin generation by CAT on 135 normal pregnant women, including 43 in first trimester, 32 in second trimester, 60 in third trimester, respectively; 68 pregnant women with GDM were also enrolled, 19 patients with GDM using insulin to control blood glucose and 49 patients control their blood glucose through diet and exercise with noninsulin treatment. The overall CAT parameters were calculated using descriptive statistics method with mean ± standard deviation. Mean endogenous thrombin potential, peak thrombin generation, and StartTail time increased significantly with the pregnancy. There was no significant difference in TG test parameters except StartTail time( P = .003) in insulin-treated GDM group when compared to those without insulin in the GDM group. The normal ranges for CAT parameters in pregnant women were determined. Thrombin generation increased significantly in first trimester and remains stable in second and third trimester. The use of insulin in patient with GDM did not affect thrombin generation test. Our study helps to establish the reference range of thrombin generation in Chinese normal pregnant population and provide more basis to predict the risk of thrombus complicating during pregnancy.

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Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_26_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy ◽

Ali I. Al-Gareeb ◽

Thabat J. Al-Maiahy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

The Body ◽

Related Disorder

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Free radicals seem to play an important role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in PE. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), paraoxonase (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid profile in preeclamptic patients compared to the women with normal pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 pregnant women were recruited. They were divided into two groups - Group A, 40 women were a newly diagnosed with PE and Group B, 28 women with normal pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index and blood pressure in accordance with biochemical measurements including NO, ONOO−, PON-1, MDA, and lipid profile were done for preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls. RESULTS: Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia illustrated insignificant differences in the age (31.22±2.87) compared to the age of control P > 0.05. There were significant changes in the body mass index (BMI) , type of delivery and smoking status of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.05. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were high in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.01. PON-1 and NO serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while ONOO− and MDA serum levels were significantly increased in PE compared to the women with normal pregnancy. Conclusions: This study concluded that PE is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity regarding PON-1.

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First trimester screening for pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction using three-dimensional Doppler angiography (SPIRIT): protocol for a multicentre prospective study in nulliparous pregnant women

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e037751

Author(s):

Charline Bertholdt ◽

Gabriela Hossu ◽

Claire Banasiak ◽

Marine Beaumont ◽

Olivier Morel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Power Doppler ◽

First Trimester ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Flow Index ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Biomarker Analysis

IntroductionPre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are two major pregnancy complications, related to chronic uteroplacental hypoperfusion. Nowadays, there is no screening or diagnostic test for uteroplacental vascularisation deficiency in pregnant women. Since 2004, 3 three-imensional power Doppler (3DPD) angiography has been used for the evaluation of uteroplacental vascularisation and three vascular indices are usually calculated: Vascularisation Index (VI), Flow Index (FI) and vascularisation-FI (VFI). A high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility and a potential interest for placental function study were reported by our team and others.The main objective of our study is to determine differences in 3DPD indices at first trimester between pregnancies defined at their outcome as uncomplicated pregnancy, PE (mild and severe) and IUGR in nulliparous women.Methods and analysisThis is a national multicentre prospective cohort study conducted in four French maternity units. We expect to include 2200 women in a period of 36 months. The nulliparous pregnant women will be recruited during their first trimester consultation (11–13+6 gestation week (GW)).The 3DPD and uterine artery Doppler acquisition will be included in the current routine 11–13+6 GW ultrasound. Also, additional blood samples will be taken for biomarker analysis (PAPP-A and P1GF) and biological collection. Uteroplacental VIs (FI and VFI) will be measured. For each subgroup (uncomplicated pregnancy, PE and IUGR), mean values in 3DPD indices will be computed and compared using a pairwise t test with a Bonferroni correction p value adjustment.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the French Ethics Committee, the Comité de Protection des Personnes SUD MEDITERRANEE IV on 13 February 2018 with reference number 17 12 03. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03342014; Pre-results. PHRCN-16-0567.

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