scholarly journals The role of calprotectin in rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Weiqian Chen ◽  
Jin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Heterodimeric Complex ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Clinical Disease Progression

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, high levels of cytokines, and erosion of cartilage and bone in joints. Calprotectin (CLP), as a recently described member of S100 family proteins, is a heterodimeric complex of S100A8 and S100A9. Currently, plenty of studies have indicated significantly increased serum and synovial fluid levels of CLP in patients with RA. It was reported that CLP was related to cell differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and production of pro-inflammatory factors in RA. In addition, there are the positive relationships between serum, synovial CLP and traditional acute phase reactants, disease activity, ultrasound and radiographic progression of joints, and treatment response of RA. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of CLP in the pathogenesis of RA as well as its potential to estimate clinical disease progression of RA patients.

scholarly journals Insights in the Role of Lipids, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Unveiled by New Trends in Lipidomic Investigations

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Helena Beatriz Ferreira ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Artur Paiva ◽  
Maria do Rosário Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly debilitating chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease most prevalent in women. The true etiology of this disease is complex, multifactorial, and is yet to be completely elucidated. However, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are associated with the development and pathogenesis of RA. In this case, oxidative damage biomarkers have been found to be significantly higher in RA patients, associated with the oxidation of biomolecules and the stimulation of inflammatory responses. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major consequences of oxidative stress, with the formation of deleterious lipid hydroperoxides and electrophilic reactive lipid species. Additionally, changes in the lipoprotein profile seem to be common in RA, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and a chronic inflammatory environment. Nevertheless, changes in the lipid profile at a molecular level in RA are still poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this review was to gather all the information regarding lipid alterations in RA analyzed by mass spectrometry. Studies on the variation of lipid profile in RA using lipidomics showed that fatty acid and phospholipid metabolisms, especially in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, are affected in this disease. These promising results could lead to the discovery of new diagnostic lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of RA and targets for personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics-Based Chronoefficacy of Semen Strychni and Tripterygium Glycoside Tablet Against Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingpan Lin ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Yanke Lin ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zemin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Semen Strychni

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and bone destruction. Identifying drugs with time-varying efficacy and toxicity, and elucidating the mechanisms would help to improve treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Here, we aimed to determine the chronoefficacy of semen strychni (SS) and tripterygium glycoside tablet (TGT) against rheumatoid arthritis in mice, and to investigate a potential role of circadian pharmacokinetics in generating chronoefficacy. SS extract and TGT suspension were prepared with ultrasonication. Effects of SS and TGT on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were evaluated by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 levels. SS dosed at ZT18 was more effective in protecting against CIA than drug dosed at ZT6 (i.e., lower levels of key inflammatory factors at ZT18 than at ZT6). This was accompanied by higher systemic exposure levels of strychnine and brucine (two main putative active ingredients of SS) in ZT18-treated than in ZT6-treated CIA mice. TGT dosing at ZT2 showed a better efficacy against CIA as compared to herb doing at ZT14. Consistently, ZT2 dosing generated a higher exposure of triptolide (a main putative active ingredient of TGT) as compared to ZT14 dosing in CIA mice. Moreover, strychnine, brucine, and triptolide significantly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-6 and the mRNAs of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, suggesting that they possessed an anti-arthritis activity. In conclusion, SS and TGT display chronoefficacy against rheumatoid arthritis in mice, that is attributed to circadian pharmacokinetics of main active ingredients. Our findings have implications for improving treatment outcomes of SS and TGT via timed delivery.

scholarly journals Role of inflammatory factors and adipose tissue in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Part I: Rheumatoid adipose tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (53) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Sudoł‑Szopińska ◽  
◽  
Ewa Kontny ◽  
Katarzyna Zaniewicz‑Kaniewska ◽  
Monika Prohorec‑Sobieszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Factors

scholarly journals Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Mycobacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Marco Bo ◽  
Seyedesomaye Jasemi ◽  
Giuseppe Uras ◽  
Gian Luca Erre ◽  
Giuseppe Passiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic erosive polyarthritis. A complex interaction between a favorable genetic background, and the presence of a specific immune response against a broad-spectrum of environmental factors seems to play a role in determining susceptibility to RA. Among different pathogens, mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, MAP), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), have extensively been proposed to promote specific cellular and humoral response in susceptible individuals, by activating pathways linked to RA development. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical evidence on the interplay between mycobacterial and EBV infections, and the development of the immune dysregulation in RA.

Potential role of bioactive lipids in rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wheeler Torres ◽  
Mervin Chávez-Castillo ◽  
José L. Peréz-Vicuña ◽  
Rubén Carrasquero ◽  
María P. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which involves a pathological inflammatory response against articular cartilage in multiple joints throughout the body. It is a complex disorder associated with comorbidities such as depression, lymphoma, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which significantly deteriorate patients’ quality of life and prognosis. This has ignited a large initiative to elucidate the physiopathology of RA, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets and approaches in its multidisciplinary management. Recently, various lipid bioactive products have been proposed to have an essential role in this process; including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, phospholipids/sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids. Dietary interventions using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or treatment with synthetic endocannabinoids agonists have been shown to significantly ameliorate RA symptoms. Indeed, the modulation of lipid metabolism may be crucial in the pathophysiology and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Post Translational Modification and its pathologic association in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A brief perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnupreetha Vasudevan ◽  
Prachi Agnihotri ◽  
Sagarika Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Living System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

: Post Translational Modification (PTM) is the process in which covalent addition of functional groups on protein happens to maintain their structure, function and stability. Every PTM process in our living system happens to increase the functional diversity of protein. But sometimes it happens without any regulation and occurrence of this specific change in proteins are leading to autoimmunity. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one such chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects joints. Proper treatment can be manageable for RA, but it is not completely curable. Delayed diagnosis of RA can cause severe bone pain, stiffness, inflammation, redness in joints and affect other parts of the body such as liver, kidney etc. Early diagnosis of disease is preferable to cure it effectively. Currently, Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide (Anti-CCP) are considered as biomarkers to diagnose RA. Other than citrullination several other PTM’s are also involved in generation of autoantibodies such as, carbamylation, glycosylation, glycation, acetylation, ubiquitination, proteolysis, phosphorylation, lipidation. Aim of this review is to elucidate several considerable changes in form, nature and function of above PTMs in RA, affecting joints and day to day life. This review will give a recent overview on the role of PTMs in the pathogenesis of RA, focusing on the modifications.

scholarly journals Interleukin 6 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Sharma ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Devyani Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Pannus Formation ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a widespread disease causing varying degrees of disability. It is characterised by flares and remissions and since ancient times, every culture has tried to get the better of it. Even now, research is aimed at finding novel serum biomarkers as surrogates for disease activity and newer targets to sharpen therapy. One such target is IL-6.It mediates neutrophil migration, osteoclast maturation and pannus formation through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation causing synovitis and joint destruction.IL-6 leads to various systemic manifestations like hepcidin production causing anemia hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation causing fatigue and mood changes and osteoclast activation causes osteoporosis while increase in acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP). The literature we reviewed and our research, enrolling 40 patients of RA as well describes the role of IL-6 in pathogenesis and various manifestations of RA including articular, extra-articular and other comorbid states. It supports that Serum IL-6 levels correlate with disease activity (DAS-28ESR and BRAF-MDQ) and that IL-6 remains a viable target for drug therapy.

TLRs Play Crucial Roles in Regulating RA Synoviocyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1156-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuling Luo ◽  
Juncheng Cui ◽  
Xin Long ◽  
Zhiwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease comparing the inflammation of synovium. Macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (synoviocytes) are crucial ingredients of synovium. Therein, a lot of research has focused on synoviocytes. Researches demonstrated that TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6 TLR7 and TLR9 are expressed in synoviocyte. Additionally, the expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 is increased in RA synoviocyte. In this paper, we review the exact role of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 participate in regulating the production of inflammatory factors in RA synoviocyte. Furthermore, we discuss the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), MicroRNA, Monome of Chinese herb and other cells (Monocyte and T cell) influence the function of synoviocyte by regulating TLRs. The activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in synoviocyte leads to the aggravation of arthritis, comparing with angiogenesis and bone destruction. Above all, TLRs are promising targets for managing RA.

scholarly journals The predictive role of ultrasound-detected tenosynovitis and joint synovitis for flare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission. Results of an Italian multicentre study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology Group for Ultrasound: the STARTER study

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Filippou ◽  
Garifallia Sakellariou ◽  
Carlo Alberto Scirè ◽  
Greta Carrara ◽  
Federica Rumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Italian Society ◽  
Disease Flare ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

ObjectiveTo define the role of ultrasound (US) for the assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical remission, including joint and tendon evaluation.MethodsA multicentre longitudinal study has been promoted by the US Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology. 25 Italian centres participated, enrolling consecutive patients with RA in clinical remission. All patients underwent complete clinical assessment (demographic data, disease characteristics, laboratory exams, clinical assessment of 28 joints and patient/physician-reported outcomes) and Power Doppler (PD) US evaluation of wrist, metacarpalphalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and synovial tendons of the hands and wrists at enrolment, 6 and 12 months. The association between clinical and US variables with flare, disability and radiographic progression was evaluated by univariable and adjusted logistic regression models.Results361 patients were enrolled, the mean age was 56.20 (±13.31) years and 261 were women, with a mean disease duration of 9.75 (±8.07) years. In the 12 months follow-up, 98/326 (30.1%) patients presented a disease flare. The concurrent presence of PD positive tenosynovitis and joint synovitis predicted disease flare, with an OR (95% CI) of 2.75 (1.45 to 5.20) in crude analyses and 2.09 (1.06 to 4.13) in adjusted analyses. US variables did not predict the worsening of function or radiographic progression. US was able to predict flare at 12 months but not at 6 months.ConclusionsPD positivity in tendons and joints is an independent risk factor of flare in patients with RA in clinical remission. Musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation is a valuable tool to monitor and help decision making in patients with RA in clinical remission.

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