scholarly journals Dynamics of the status of groundwater in the Polish Lowland: the River Gwda catchment example

Geologos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Izabela Jamorska ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka ◽  
Arkadiusz Krawiec
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Observation Well ◽  
Total Annual Precipitation ◽  
Drainage Zone ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Precipitation

Abstract The aim of the present study is to monitor changes in the location of the groundwater table in the catchment area of the River Gwda within the Quaternary and Neogene water-bearing level over a 35-year period, between 1981 and 2015. In addition, on account of very diverse total annual precipitation levels in particular parts of the catchment, attempts were made to determine the influence of precipitation on the location of the groundwater table. By correlating groundwater level and meteorological parameters (precipitation), it was discovered that precipitation in the previous year made the largest impact on the groundwater table. Moreover, low precipitation totals in the southern part of the catchment are not discernible in groundwater table fluctuations, which is linked to the location of the observation well within the drainage zone as well as to water ascension from deeper aquifers.

scholarly journals Energy and Water Balances of a Bog in Central Sweden

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Phersson ◽  
Ola Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Low Precipitation

Fens and bogs represent a considerable part of the boreal forest area of Scandinavia, but have not received much attention. To understand their role in the water and energy balances an investigation was carried out during the spring and summer of 1994 as a part of the NOPEX program. Groundwater level, precipitation and energy budget parameters were measured at the Ryggmossen bog, 35 km Northwest of Uppsala. The evaporation (10 min averages) was determined by the Energy Balance Bowen Ratio method and a reference evaporation (10 min averages) was also calculated according to Penman (1948). The results of the evaporation and energy balance study showed that the actual evaporation was 60% of the reference evaporation and that the evaporation rate was dependent on the groundwater depth. The weather during the period was warm with extremely low precipitation. The evaporation therefore decreased during the summer in response to the increased depth to the groundwater table. A relation was found between the groundwater level recession rate and the evaporation rate. The albedo increased during the summer and any occasional decrease could be attributed to individual rain storms.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia Isolates to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid and Biological Control by Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar ◽  
James A. Parejko ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
David M. Weller ◽  
Linda S. Thomashow
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Precipitation Zone ◽  
Low Precipitation

Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG)-8 and AG-2-1 and R. oryzae are ubiquitous in cereal-based cropping systems of the Columbia Plateau of the Inland Pacific Northwest and commonly infect wheat. AG-8 and R. oryzae, causal agents of Rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch, are most commonly found in fields in the low-precipitation zone, whereas R. solani AG-2-1 is much less virulent on wheat and is distributed in fields throughout the low-, intermediate-, and high-precipitation zones. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) also are abundant in the rhizosphere of crops grown in the low-precipitation zone but their broader geographic distribution and effect on populations of Rhizoctonia is unknown. To address these questions, we surveyed the distribution of PCA producers (Phz+) in 59 fields in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the Columbia Plateau. Phz+ Pseudomonas spp. were detected in 37 of 59 samples and comprised from 0 to 12.5% of the total culturable heterotrophic aerobic rhizosphere bacteria. The frequency with which individual plants were colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads ranged from 0 to 100%. High and moderate colonization frequencies of Phz+ pseudomonads were associated with roots from fields located in the driest areas whereas only moderate and low colonization frequencies were associated with crops where higher annual precipitation occurs. Thus, the geographic distribution of Phz+ pseudomonads overlaps closely with the distribution of R. solani AG-8 but not with that of R. oryzae or R. solani AG-2-1. Moreover, linear regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the frequency of rhizospheres colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads. Phz+ pseudomonads representative of the four major indigenous species (P. aridus, P. cerealis, P. orientalis, and P. synxantha) suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat when applied as seed treatments. In vitro, mean 50% effective dose values for isolates of AG-8 and AG-2-1 from fields with high and low frequencies of phenazine producers did not differ significantly, nor was there a correlation between virulence of an isolate and sensitivity to PCA, resulting in rejection of the hypothesis that tolerance in Rhizoctonia spp. to PCA develops in nature upon exposure to Phz+ pseudomonads.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Network Optimized with a Genetic Algorithm for Seasonal Groundwater Table Depth Prediction in Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8932
Author(s):  
Kusum Pandey ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Anurag Malik ◽  
Alban Kuriqi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Table Depth ◽  
Ann Models

Accurate information about groundwater level prediction is crucial for effective planning and management of groundwater resources. In the present study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA-ANN), was employed for seasonal groundwater table depth (GWTD) prediction in the area between the Ganga and Hindon rivers located in Uttar Pradesh State, India. A total of 18 models for both seasons (nine for the pre-monsoon and nine for the post-monsoon) have been formulated by using groundwater recharge (GWR), groundwater discharge (GWD), and previous groundwater level data from a 21-year period (1994–2014). The hybrid GA-ANN models’ predictive ability was evaluated against the traditional GA models based on statistical indicators and visual inspection. The results appraisal indicates that the hybrid GA-ANN models outperformed the GA models for predicting the seasonal GWTD in the study region. Overall, the hybrid GA-ANN-8 model with an 8-9-1 structure (i.e., 8: inputs, 9: neurons in the hidden layer, and 1: output) was nominated optimal for predicting the GWTD during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Additionally, it was noted that the maximum number of input variables in the hybrid GA-ANN approach improved the prediction accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed hybrid GA-ANN model’s findings could be readily transferable or implemented in other parts of the world, specifically those with similar geology and hydrogeology conditions for sustainable planning and groundwater resources management.

scholarly journals Responses of groundwater to precipitation variability and ENSO in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong V. V. Le ◽  
Hai V. Pham ◽  
Luyen K. Bui ◽  
Anh N. Tran ◽  
Chien V. Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Deep Aquifers

Abstract Groundwater is a critical component of water resources and has become the primary water supply for agricultural and domestic uses in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Widespread groundwater level declines have occurred in the VMD over recent decades, reflecting that extraction rates exceed aquifer recharge in the region. However, the impacts of climate variability on groundwater system dynamics in the VMD remain poorly understood. Here, we explore recent changes in groundwater levels in shallow and deep aquifers from observed wells in the VMD and investigate their relations to the annual precipitation variability and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that groundwater level responds to changes in annual precipitation at time scales of approximately 1 year. Moreover, shallow (deep) groundwater in the VMD appears to correlate with the ENSO over intra-annual (inter-annual) time scales. Our findings reveal a critical linkage between groundwater level changes and climate variability, suggesting the need to develop an understanding of the impacts of climate variability across time scales on water resources in the VMD.

scholarly journals ROUTINE, EXTREME AND ENGINEERING METEOROLOGY ANALYSIS FOR KARACHI COASTAL AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqui ◽  
Jabir Hussain Syed ◽  
Ghulam Hassan Askari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Pakistan’s largest city, Karachi, which is industrial centre and economic hub needs focus in research and development of every field of Engineering, Science and Technology. Urbanization and industrialization is resulting bad weather conditions which prolongs until a climate change. Since, Meteorology serves as interdisciplinary field of study, an analytical study of real and region-specific meteorological data is conducted which focuses on routine, extreme and engineering meteorology of metropolitan city Karachi. Results of study endorse the meteorological parameters relationship and establish the variability of those parameters for Karachi Coastal Area. The rise of temperature, decreasing trend of atmospheric pressure, increment in precipitation and fall in relative humidity depict the effects of urbanization and industrialization. The recorded extreme maximum temperature of 45.50C (on June 11, 1988) and the extreme minimum temperature of 4.5 0C(on January 1, 2007) is observed at Karachi south meteorological station. The estimated temperature rise in 32 years is 0.9 0C, which is crossing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted/estimated limit of 2oC rise per century. The maximum annual precipitation of 487.0mm appearing in 1994 and the minimum annual precipitation of 2.5mm appearing in 1987 is observed at same station which is representative meteorological station for Karachi Coast. Further Engineering meteorological parameters for heating ventilation air condition (HVAC) system design for industrial purpose are deduced as supporting data for coastal area site study for industrial as well as any follow-up engineering work in the specified region.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDRAULIC MODES OF OPERATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
V. S. Ignatchik ◽  
◽  
S. Y. Ignatchik ◽  
N. V. Kuznetsova ◽  
A. Y. Fes’kova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Approximation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Total Annual Precipitation ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
The Government

Introduction. Based on Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 782 “On water supply and wastewater disposal plans”, the volume of generated wastewater should be forecast for a period of at least 10 years. Along with this, it is also necessary to assess the hydraulic modes of operation of networks and collectors, specified earlier. However, the existing regulatory literature lacks data on the dynamics of calculated rain intensities and their prospective values. The analysis of the subject area showed that it is possible to determine the climatic parameters of an area, and thus establish the values for the characteristics of calculated rain, based on the data of long-term observations (from 20 years) with one self-recording rain gauge, or with a network of similar rain gauges, with a duration of observations of 5 years or more. A similar network of rain gauges is available in St. Petersburg. It makes it possible to assess the actual values of climatic parameters, but due to the lack of statistical data does not allow for assessing the dynamics of their changes. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to roughly estimate the dynamics of changes in climatic parameters in St. Petersburg and the degree of their impact on the hydraulic modes of operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Methods. In the course of the study, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation H and rain force in St. Petersburg and examined the influence of the dynamics of rain force changes on the operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Results. At the first stage of the study, we obtained the results of linear approximation of the H data, the calculated values of rain force changes Δ, and the results of linear approximation of the Δ data. The second stage of the study resulted in changes in the hydraulic modes of runoff input during the design period and in 50 years. Conclusion. We experimentally substantiated the possibility to determine the dynamics of rain force changes (at P = 0.33 and with acceptable accuracy) depending on the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation. For networks designed and laid 50 years ago, the actual rain force changes will be 9 %. As a result of climate change, water consumption in the calculation periods increased by about 26% with an increase in the total volume of discharged water by 9–10 %.

scholarly journals A Multiregion Model Evaluation and Attribution Study of Historical Changes in the Area Affected by Temperature and Precipitation Extremes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 8285-8299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Dittus ◽  
David J. Karoly ◽  
Sophie C. Lewis ◽  
Lisa V. Alexander ◽  
Markus G. Donat
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract The skill of eight climate models in simulating the variability and trends in the observed areal extent of daily temperature and precipitation extremes is evaluated across five large-scale regions, using the climate extremes index (CEI) framework. Focusing on Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and the Northern Hemisphere, results show that overall the models are generally able to simulate the decadal variability and trends of the observed temperature and precipitation components over the period 1951–2005. Climate models are able to reproduce observed increasing trends in the area experiencing warm maximum and minimum temperature extremes, as well as, to a lesser extent, increasing trends in the areas experiencing an extreme contribution of heavy precipitation to total annual precipitation for the Northern Hemisphere regions. Using simulations performed under different radiative forcing scenarios, the causes of simulated and observed trends are investigated. A clear anthropogenic signal is found in the trends in the maximum and minimum temperature components for all regions. In North America, a strong anthropogenically forced trend in the maximum temperature component is simulated despite no significant trend in the gridded observations, although a trend is detected in a reanalysis product. A distinct anthropogenic influence is also found for trends in the area affected by a much-above-average contribution of heavy precipitation to annual precipitation totals for Europe in a majority of models and to varying degrees in other Northern Hemisphere regions. However, observed trends in the area experiencing extreme total annual precipitation and extreme number of wet and dry days are not reproduced by climate models under any forcing scenario.

Characteristics of Rainfall- Groundwater Level Response in Taipei City, Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Kai Chen ◽  
Yuan-Jie Lin ◽  
Yuan-Yu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Taipei Basin

<p>The Taipei Basin, Taiwan has been densely populated and highly economically developed in recent decades. Global climate change has led to frequently flooding and drought events in recent years, formulating suitable measures to mitigate climatic disaster has become a crucial issue in this city. The sponge city concept is one of the most important options for disaster mitigation in highly urbanization areas. However, the city is also potentially threatened by soil liquefaction due to its sedimentary geology and increasing groundwater level. High groundwater level might be a key limiting factor in the promotion of sponge city. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between rainfall and groundwater level and the impacts of cumulative rainfall, depth to groundwater table, and impervious pavement ratio on the rainfall/groundwater level response in study area. The cross-correlation function (CCF) was applied to analyze the correlation between rainfall and groundwater level data obtained from 20 observed wells and nearby rainfall gages during dry and wet seasons from 2012 to 2017. The significance groundwater recharge response can be found in 61% and 37% of the observation wells during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Compared with the factors such as cumulative rainfall, and depth to groundwater table, the ratio of surface impervious pavement is the primary affecting factor behind the correlation between rainfall and groundwater level response. The analysis results also show the areas with shallow groundwater level, high imperious pavement ratio, and the groundwater level with no significant response to rainfall, are almost overlapped with the middle and high level liquefaction potential areas in this city. Measures such as the application of the sponge city concept to increase infiltration should be carefully reevaluated in this city. The research results can provide a reference for the future development of urban water resources management and disaster mitigation strategies under the challenge of globe climate change.</p>

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