scholarly journals Treatment and remediation by the stabilization/solidification process based on hydraulic binders of soil contaminated by heavy metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Rachid Sahnoune ◽  
Karim Moussaceb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Nature and the environment are affected by various human industrial and/or urban discharges. Remediation for this problem requires first and foremost an in-depth analysis and an overall characterization of the intrinsic properties of the pollution-receiving environments. Secondly it is necessary to predict in these environments the behavior of dangerous chemical species (here particularly heavy metals) in the long term. This study focuses mainly on a detailed characterization of 4 soil samples sampled in vicinity of wild dump-BOULIMAT located 15 km west of the city of Bejaia-Algeria. The samples were characterised by atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fluorescence X and Infrared spectroscopy. The data showed high concentrations of metallic elements especially Zn (2,651.8 mg.kg−1) and Ni (163.44 mg.kg−1) in the soil samples. For their remediation, the stabilization/solidification (S/S) process with hydraulic binders appeared promising in reducing the polluting power of metal. This approach has considerably reduced the content of pollutants; 98 % removal was obtained for Ni and 99 % for Zn. The XRD analysis technique revealed the occurrence or absence of metallic elements in the crystallized phases.

Characterization of Th Carbonate Solutions Using XAS and Implications for Thermodynamic Modeling

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Hess ◽  
A. R. Felmy ◽  
D. Rai ◽  
S. D. Conradson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Carbonate Solutions ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Aqueous Complexes ◽  
Aqueous Species

ABSTRACTThe chemical behavior of actinide elements in tank solutions, in soil, and in groundwater is dependent upon the chemical species that form when aqueous solutions come in contact with the actinide compounds. In particular the chemical speciation of the reduced actinide oxidation states (III and IV) are important, for example, to DOE waste tank processing and, more generally, to nuclear waste disposal issues. Predicting the solubility of the actinides in these solutions requires identification of the strong aqueous complexes, such as carbonates and organic chelating agents, that can form in aqueous solution.Previous speciation work has often relied on indirect techniques such as potentiometric titrations or solubility measurements. Recent XAS experiments determine directly the speciation of the Th carbonato species of seven solutions under a range of carbonate concentrations and pH conditions. The presence of the pentacarbonato complex is confirmed and the complex's stability at low carbonate concentrations is determined. These experimental results support a proposed thermodynamic model that describes the solubility of Th(IV) hydrous oxide in the aqueous Na+-HCO3--CO32--OH--ClO4--H2O system extending to high concentrations at 25°C. This model is relatively simple in that only two aqueous species are included Th(OH)3CO3- and Th(CO3)56-.

scholarly journals Level of Heavy Metals in Selected Vegetables Collected from Ijagun Dumpsite in Ogun State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Damilola Alex Omoboyowa ◽  
Clement Olomola Akinnubi ◽  
Taiwo Christiana Ajueyisi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Mixed Acids ◽  
High Absorption

Wastes from dumpsites constitute a major challenge for plants, human and environmental health. This study investigated the levels of heavy metals in stems and leaves of three (3) Vegetables and soil samples obtained from Ijagun dumpsite, located in Ijebu Ode, Ogun state. The samples were digested with mixed acids and aliquots of the extracts were analyzed for Zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co) and Copper (Cu) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Perkin Elmer A Analyst 700 model). The results obtained showed that there was an increase in the level of selected heavy metals observed in the topsoil compared with the underground soil collected from the dumpsite. The level of the metals present in the topsoil was in the order Zn > Pb >Cu > Co. The stem of Celosia argentea and Cochorus olitorius accumulate more heavy metals compared with the leaf. The level of these selected heavy metals were observed to be far above the WHO/FAO and NAFDAC permissible values in plant except Co in the stem and leaf of Celosia argentea and Talinum triangulae, indicating that the leaf and stem of vegetables from Ijagun dumpsite pose serious health threat to human. However, C. olitorius and C. argentea with high absorption ability for Zn, Pb and Cu could serve as a phytoremediator for soils contaminated with these metals.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulhamid ◽  
E.B. Agbaji ◽  
C.E. Gimba ◽  
A.S. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.

The Study on the Heavy Metal Concentrations and Translocations in Moringa Oleifera (Moringaceae) Plants and Soil of Potiskum Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
M. A Dahiru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

In recent times, the heavy metals pollution in the environment through soil, plant and air has increasingly gathered global concern. The aims of this study is to determine the heavy metals concentrations in the root, stems and leaves of Moringa oleifera plants and the soil sample of Potiskum metropolis as the plant is widely getting popularity and acceptance for used medicinally to cure different ailments in humans and also to compute the translocation factor from different sites. The heavy metals such as (lead, cadmium, zinc and iron) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method. Results from different sample of M. oleifera showed the highest mean concentrations of the following heavy metals from different parts of M. oleifera , for cadmium root (Jigawa Cd= 0.007±0.001 ppm),lead leaves (Nahuta Pb = 0.100 ±0.021 ppm), Zinc and Iron from the leaves and stem of samples (Arikeme Zn = 0.063±0.001 ppm and Fe =2.464±2.393ppm) respectively. Also, the soil samples, with the highest mean concentrations of cadmium and lead was obtained from Jigawa soil and were (Cd = 0.007±0.000 ppm and Pb = 0.080±0.009 ppm) respectively. Also for the Zinc and Iron recorded at Mamudo soils were (Zn =0.032±0.014 ppm and Fe= 5.468±0.753 ppm) respectively. Moreover, the translocation factor (Tf ), for the Cd in all the study areas were recorded (Tf ≤1) except in Jigawa (Tf ≥1), the lead Tf values reported for all study sites was (Tf < 1) and that of Arikeme site (Tf ≥1). While for the Zn and Fe Tf values of all study sites were recorded reciprocal as (Tf ≥1) and (Tf ≤1) respectively. It was concluded that the heavy metals in M. oleifera plants and soil samples of all the study areas are safe for humans as outlined by FAO/WHO.

scholarly journals Estimation of heavy metals in medicinal plants and their infusions

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Diaconu ◽  
Rodica Diaconu ◽  
Tinca Navrotescu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Primula Veris

AbstractMedicinal plants and their extracts deserve special attention because of the important influence they have to human health. There are easily contaminated with metals during growth, development and processing. The aim of this study was to achieve the quantitative determination of metallic elements (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) in some medicinal plants including Mentha piperita L., Matricaria camomilla L., Hypericum perforatum L., Achillea millefolium L., Thymusserpillum, Capsella-bursa-pastoris L., Urtica dioica L., Primula veris L., Plantago major L., Taraxacum officinalis L., and their infusions, using flame absorption spectrometry. The highest concentration of metal in medicinal plants was that of iron 333.22 ± 35.18 mg Kg-1 and zinc 244.90 ± 32.13 mg Kg-1. Metal content in the powdered medicinal plants was in descending order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr; Pb and Cd were present in minor amounts. Analysis of plant infusions showed transfer of heavy metals during extraction procedure. Monitoring the content of mineral elements in medicinal plants and their boiling water extracts is of high importance because some heavy metals in large quantities in the body may have a toxic effect.

Environmental managing of bottom ashes from municipal thermovalorization waste for civil applications, as a function of particle size, based on steam washing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Caviglia ◽  
Enrico Destefanis ◽  
Davide Bernasconi ◽  
Linda Pastero ◽  
Giorgia Confalonieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
High Concentrations

&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, the production of constructional materials requires raw materials obtained through extractive activities that often imply different environmental impacts. In a perspective of a growing sensitivity towards a responsible use of natural resources the attention to materials coming from waste is focused. The waste from the municipal thermovalorization plants can be suitable for this applications, and after moderate and sustainable treatments, can find a role of raw material-second in the construction of works, reducing the need to find additional natural resources and related problems for disposal or storage. The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting inertization (i.e. reducing the BA&amp;#8217;s release in water of environmentally dangerous chemical species below the legal thresholds) of as large a fraction of BA as possible, using ashes from one of the municipal waste incineration plants of Northern Italy, and exploiting byproducts of the incineration cycle, i.e. the spared steam from turbines, which produce electricity, and carbon dioxide from combustion fumes. The treatments discussed are as a function of the particle size (s). &amp;#160;BA are partitioned into three main classes, determined by previous studies s &amp;#8805; 4.75, 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1, s &lt; 1 mm; %. The BA fraction with 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 mm was further divided into two portions to optimize the steam washing process: 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 2 mm and&amp;#160; 2 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 mm. BA with s &gt; 4.75 mm are treated with steam washing only. In fact, although they do not contain high concentrations of heavy metals, they largely surpass the Italian legislation thresholds related to the occurrence of chlorides and sulfates. Steam is generally available from modern incineration plants in a considerable amount, and it is more effective than water in removing a variety of impurities/low-crystallinity fragments from the surface of coarse grains. Inertization of BA with 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 is investigated by means of both steam washing and accelerated carbonation, to optimize the combination of these methods and expand as much as possible the s-range that requires steam washing only.&amp;#160; As to the BA fraction with s &lt; 1 mm, whose heavy metals content is likely larger than elsewhere, steam washing is of difficult application and therefore we resort to accelerated carbonation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Comparison of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentration in spruce needles collected in the area of Gdansk and Gdynia in Northern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paweł Konieczyński ◽  
Jan Moszczyński ◽  
Marek Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Pb Concentration

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to assess the utility of spruce needles as a potential material to be used for monitoring the contamination level of the environment of Tricity agglomeration (represented by Gdansk and Gdynia). This aim was realized by determining the levels of selected essential elements indispensable for the life of living organisms, such as Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, as well as toxic, namely Cd and Pb, in spruce needles collected in the locations in Gdynia and for comparison, in Gdańsk. Due to this, the collected samples of needles were dried, and next digested by microwave technique in order to prepare them for quantitative analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, the same metallic elements were determined in the soil samples collected under the spruces, from which needles were taken for the investigation. The concentrations of the studied elements were found in the range of mg/kg of dry mass in the following order: Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd (needles), and Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (soils). By application of statistical methods (correlation, variance and principal component analyses), the differences in the elemental composition of spruce needles were identified, as well as sources of this differentiation.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Denis Alexandrovich Klyuchnikov ◽  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Platonova ◽  
Elena Vasilievna Soboleva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Technogenic Anomalies ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The paper studies heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways. An adverse effect of railway transport on adjacent territories is shown. Railway transport and subjects of its support are permanent sources of pollution. Long-term emissions to the air are reflected by essential accumulation of tocsins in the top horizons of the soil. The authors reveal the amount of heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways. To identify the coefficient of heavy metals concentration in soil samples of 8 trial areas of technogenic and anthropogenic zones of the city were analyzed. To identify local technogenic anomalies concentration coefficients were calculated. The authors concluded that the territory of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways was very polluted. The south of the railway station is characterized by an average pollution level. The authors revealed high concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb in soils of the trial sites with a high transport loading.

scholarly journals Presencia de metales pesados Cadmio y Plomo en el estuario del río Chone Manabí, Ecuador.// Presence of cadmium and lead heavy metals in the estuary of Chone River - Manabí, Ecuador

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Francisco Pozo Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Del Rio

El presente estudio busca determinar la presencia de metales pesados, Cadmio y Plomo, en el estuario del Río Chone, Ecuador, durante Junio a Septiembre de 2014; se obtuvieron seis muestras de agua y cinco de suelo en seis sitios, con dos réplicas por sitios, dando el total de 66 muestras. El análisis se realizó según el protocolo del Kit para Cadmio y Plomo de Merck-Millipore. En el agua las concentraciones de Cadmio fueron mayores en el sitio P4 (0,129 mg/L). En el sedimento, el nivel de Cadmio en el sitio P2 presentó mayor acumulación (0,0033 mg/g), para Plomo, los sitios con mayor nivel fueron P5 y P6 (0,18 – 0,21 mg/L respectivamente), lugares con mayor flujo de agua del estuario del Río Chone (8 UPS: Unidades Prácticas de Salinidad) y menor influencia con las corrientes del agua del Mar (30 UPS). Los resultados comparados con la legislación Ecuatoriana evidencian concentraciones  altas de Cadmio en el ecosistema del estuario en estudio, que podría afectar la salud de organismos que viven a nivel de la columna de agua, tales como peces, al igual que actividades de recreación de los bañistas locales, de los cantones Sucre y San Vicente Manabí.ABSTRACTThe present study aims to determine the presence of cadmium and lead heavy metals in the Chone River estuary; Ecuador, during June to September 2014, six water samples and five soil samples were obtained at six sites, with two replications per site giving a total of 66 samples. The analysis was performed according to the protocol of Merck-Millipore Kit for cadmium and lead. Cadmium concentrations in the water were higher at the P4 site (0.129 mg/L). The level of cadmium in the sediment showed greater accumulation (0.0033 mg/g) in the P2 site. The sites with higher level of lead were P5 and P6 (0.18 y 0.21 mg/L respectively), these were places with greater flow of water of the Chone River estuary (8 UPS: Practical Units of Salinity) and less influence of the sea water currents (30 UPS).The results compared with Ecuadorian legislation show high concentrations of cadmium in the ecosystem of Chone River estuary, which could affect the health of organisms living at the water column level, such as fish, as well as recreational activities for local bathers from Sucre and San Vicente cantons from Manabí province.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Penthaclethra macrophylla Benth. AS AFFECTED BY BY-PRODUCTS FROM BATTERY FACTORY IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
C O AKACHUKU ◽  
V P TOMBERE
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

The study examined the effect of polluted soil on early growth performance of Pentaclethra macro-phlylla. The objectives of the study were to determine the heavy metal content of the soil and the effect on the growth of this species. Soil samples were collected from an abandoned Sunshine battery facto-ry in Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State using soil auger. The samples, collect-ed at different soil depths and at various distances, were divided into two parts. A part was analysed in the laboratory to determine the heavy metal content of the soil using digestion and atomic absorption methods, while the other part was used in raising Pentaclethra macrophyla seedlings in polypots. The result of analysis of variance of the soil samples considering the distances showed significant differ-ence in the distribution of copper and lead only (P<0.05), while no significant difference occurred among the concentrations of all the heavy metals at different soil depths. The ranges of concentration of metals in the polluted soil samples in mg/kg were Zn (13.90-41.30), Bo (11.40-27.10), Cd (61.10-77.10), Cu (5.35-49.75), Pb (53.10-153.70), As (0.40-4.50) and Se (1.80-4.30), while the control rec-orded the least amount of Pb (2.40-4.30 mg/kg). On the average, seedlings raised in soils collected from the point of waste disposal (epicentre) had the least growth values in terms of total leaf number (166), stem height (21.90cm), branch number (1.4) and branchlet number (8.8). This signifies stunted growth, which is likely due to the high concentrations of Pb and Cu. Factories should therefore be compelled to eliminate heavy metals before disposing their waste into the environment.

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