scholarly journals Hegelian Phenomenology of Spirit and Boxing Fight

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Low Culture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Absolute Synthesis

Abstract In the presented text the author points out to anthropological as well as axiological foundations of the boxing fight from the viewpoint of Hegel’s philosophy. In the genial idealist’s views it is possible to perceive the appreciation of the body, which constitutes a necessary basis for the man’s physical activity, for his work oriented towards the self-transformation and the transformation of the external world, as well as for rivalry and the hand-to-hand fight. While focusing our attention on the issue of rivalry and on the situation of the fight - and regarding it from the viewpoint of the master - slave theory (included in the phenomenology of spirit), it is possible to proclaim that even a conventionalised boxing fight - that is, restricted by cultural and sports rules of the game - has features of the fight to the death between two Hegelian forms of selfknowledge striving for self-affirmation and self-realisation. In the boxing fight, similarly as in the above mentioned Hegelian theory, a problem of work and of the development of the human individual (that is, of the subject, self-knowledge, the participant of the fight) appears. There appears also a prospect of death as a possible end of merciless rivalry. The fight revalues the human way in an important way, whereas the prospect for death, the awareness of its proximity, the feeling that its close and possible, saturates the life with additional values. It places the boxer, just like every subject fighting in a similar or a different way, on the path towards absolute abstraction - that is, it brings him closer to his self-fulfilment in the Absolute, to the absolute synthesis. The Hegelian viewpoint enables also to appreciate the boxing fight as a manifestation of low culture (being in contrast with high culture), to turn attention to the relations which - according to Hegel - take place between the Absolute and the man, as well as to show which place is occupied by the subject both in the process of the Absolute’s self-realisation and in the German thinker’s philosophical system. Independently of the dialectical, simultaneously pessimistic and optimistic overtone of considerations connected with the very boxing fight (regarding destruction and spiritualisation on a higher level), it is possible to perceive farreaching appreciation of the human individual in Hegel’s philosophy since the Absolute cannot make its own self-affirmation without the individual, without the human body, without the fight aimed at the destruction of the enemy and without the subjective consciousness and the collective consciousness which appear thanks to this fight. Thus, it is justified to suppose that the foundation of the whole Hegel’s philosophy is constituted by anthropology and that in the framework of this anthropology a special role is played by the fight and by work, which changes the subject and his(her) environment. Admittedly Hegel does not emphasise it explicitly, nevertheless his views (with their centre, which, according to Hegel himself and his interpreters, is constituted by the Absolute) have, as a matter of fact, an anthropocentric character and the main source of the subject’s development is the struggle which, irrespectively of its result, always primarily leads to the destruction or even to the death of one of the sides, just like in the boxing fight. However, it is also a germ of the positive re-orientation of the subject, the beginning and a continuation of that what the phenomenology of the spirit describes as a movement towards absolute abstraction.

Imaging and the Human Brain Project: A Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosse ◽  
J. F. Brinkley
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Imaging Informatics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Brain Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Physical Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Summary Objectives: Survey current work primarily funded by the US Human Brain Project (HBP) that involves substantial use of images. Organize this work around a framework based on the physical organization of the body. Methods: Pointers to individual research efforts were obtained through the HBP home page as well as personal contacts from HBP annual meetings. References from these sources were followed to find closely related work. The individual research efforts were then studied and characterized. Results: The subject of the review is the intersection of neuroinformatics (information about the brain), imaging informatics (information about images), and structural informatics (information about the physical structure of the body). Of the 30 funded projects currently listed on the HBP web site, at least 22 make heavy use of images. These projects are described in terms of broad categories of structural imaging, functional imaging, and image-based brain information systems. Conclusions: Understanding the most complex entity known (the brain) gives rise to many interesting and difficult problems in informatics and computer science. Although much progress has been made by HBP and other neuroinformatics researchers, a great many problems remain that will require substantial informatics research efforts. Thus, the HPB can and should be seen as an excellent driving application area for biomedical informatics research.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

scholarly journals XII.—The Effect of changing the Daily Routine on the Diurnal Rhythm in Body Temperature

1912 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-261
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

To determine whether the diurnal variation in body temperature is due to the combined effects of the various influences which are known to act upon it, such as muscular exercise, the ingestion of food, sleep, etc., or is present independently of these, the daily routine of the individual who is the subject of the experiment may be reversed artificially by causing him to work during the night and rest and sleep during the day, or it may be modified in another way, viz. by rapidly changing his longitude in a journey from west to east, or vice versa. If the temperature of the body is dependent on the influences mentioned, then a total reversal of the daily routine, or any modification of it, should produce a corresponding change in the diurnal temperature curve.

scholarly journals SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANT OF THE SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Yuriі Boreiko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the sociocultural basis of constituting the symbolic space, the content of the symbolic violence phenomenon, the cultural and symbolic potential of the toponymics objects. It is established that practices of symbolic violence consist in constructing a system of subjective coordinates by imposing rules, senses, meanings, values that become self-evident. Symbolic space encompasses the collective consciousness of the socio-cultural community and has the ability to form a system of subjective coordinates where the individual's life activity unfolds. The intelligibility of symbolic space is conventionally established, which is provided by the process of socialization. Pursuing the goal of domination, hegemony, coercion, symbolic violence moves the real confrontation into a symbolic environment, directing the influence on the mental structures of the social subject. Giving to senses and meanings a legitimate character is a way to explain and substantiate social relations, their cognitive and normative interpretation. Accumulating the experience of community coexistence throughout its history, habitus is a set of dispositions that motivate an individual to a certain reaction or behavior. Habitus, which generates and structures practices, combines the individual tendency of the actor to act adequately to the situation, the interaction of actors in the community, and the interaction of the community and each of its members with reality. As a historically changing phenomenon, habitus determines the nature of interactions between individuals whose communication skills are consistent with the functioning of social institutions. An important component of the symbolic space and part of the cultural and historical discourse are the objects of toponymics, which explains the constant ideological and political interest in this segment of socio-cultural life. Objects of toponymics act as a marker of ordering social space, a tool for including the subject in socio-spatial landscapes. The renaming of toponyms demonstrates the connection between the social conditions in which it takes place and the reaction of the social relations entity to changes in the toponymic space.

Conversion and dissociation disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 1011-1021
Author(s):  
Christopher Bass
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Motor System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Conscious Processes ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Of all the disorders characterized by symptoms in the absence of disease, conversion disorders are perhaps the most difficult to explain. How, for example, can one explain functional blindness or a loss of function of both legs in the absence of conspicuous organic disease? The ancient Greeks recognized that if we suffer emotional disturbance as a result of some serious stress (such as personal injury or bereavement), this causes a change in the nervous system which leads in turn to symptoms in different parts of the body according to the underlying pathophysiology. Nineteenth century neurologists made significant advances when they identified specific ideas at the root of the symptoms. In the early nineteenth century Collie also observed that the significance of, and attention to, a symptom or set of symptoms may depend more on what they mean (or their value) to the individual than on the biological underpinnings of the symptom itself. Spence has recently argued that the problem in hysterical motor disorders is not the voluntary motor system per se: rather, it is in the way that the motor system is utilized in the performance (or non-performance) of certain willed, chosen, actions. This model invokes a consciousness that acts upon the body and the world. By contrast, the psychodynamic (‘conversion’) model, which Freud introduced and which held sway for most of the twentieth century, invokes an unconscious mechanism ‘acting’ independently of consciousness, to interfere with voluntary movement. Spence has further argued that hysterical paralyses are maintained not by unconscious mechanisms, but by conscious processes. The maintenance of these symptoms requires the patient's attention, a characteristic of higher motor acts; the paralyses break down when the subject is distracted, consciousness is obtunded, or when it (the ‘paralyses’) is circumvented by reflexive motor routines. Hysterical paralyses, Spence avers, are quintessentially disorders of action (or inactions), which the patient disavows, when faced with some overwhelming situation, which threatens the identity of the self. One regrettable development of psychiatry's adoption of Freudian theory was the fracture in communication between the disciplines of psychiatry and neurology, which has only recently been restored by the sort of collaborative research currently being carried out by neurologists and psychiatrists. In the last decade there have also been exciting advances in neuroimaging, which have stimulated research into the neurophysiology of hysteria, and these will be described later. This chapter will also emphasize contemporary approaches to management of these difficult clinical problems.

scholarly journals The Muscular Component in the Body of Girls of Ddifferent Constitutional Groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
N. T. Alexeeva ◽  
I. V. Pogonchenkova ◽  
E. A. Rozhkova ◽  
S. V. Klochkova ◽  
D. B. Nikityuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study - to analyze the content of the muscular component of the body in girls of 16-20 years old belonging to different constitutional groups. Material and methods. 729 girls (400 at the age of 16-17 years, and 329 at the age of 18-20 years) were explored by the method of complex anthropometry and bioimpedance. Statistical processing of digital materials was to calculate the arithmetic mean values, their errors. The evaluation of the reliability of differences in arithmetic mean values was carried out by the method of confidence intervals. Results. Girls of leptosomic groups of the constitutions are identified in 20.5% of cases, mesosomic group - in 34,2% of cases, megalosomic group at 35,7% of cases, the indeterminate group and in 9,6% of cases. The obtained data on the content of muscle mass indicate that the studied indicators significantly depend on the belonging of girls to a particular constitutional group. The absolute content of muscular components of the girls of leptosomic group of the constitution is substantially less than women of other constitutional groups. Conclusion. The study received a quantitative of girls of different constitutional groups in the studied population; obtained data on the characteristics of the absolute and the percentage of muscular component of the body depending on the type of constitution, allow us to conclude about the individual variability of the severity of these indicators and the data obtained can be used to create the passport's physical development in contemporary conditions.

scholarly journals Paysage et identité. Ambiguïtés et ambivalences des images

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
Arthur Simões Caetano Cabral ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Bartalini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Central Objective ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

"The central objective of this article is to raise questions about the relationships between identity, imaginary and landscape, which occur both at the individual and collective levels and which manifest themselves both in the body and in the landscape. Supported in different fields of knowledge related to the subject, such as anthropology, philosophy, psychology, sociology, we seek to highlight the instabilities, ambiguities and ambivalences responsible for the wealth of meanings and contradictions that such relationships present."

scholarly journals Determination of parameters of the subject of labor forest preparation for the purpose of predicting the product out of the product at the stage of the rolls tree

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Торопов ◽  
А.Н. Соловьев
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

В данной статье рассматривается новый подход к проблеме прогнозирования выхода продукции из древесины еще на стадии валки деревьев. Проводится анализ научных трудов предыдущих лет по данной тематике, оцениваются методологические и теоретические подходы к аналитическому описанию формы образующих хлыстов и методов его оптимального раскроя. Рассматриваются достоинства и недостатки существующих методик, а также возможные пути их совершенствования. Авторы предлагают и теоретически обосновывают новый подход решения проблемы определения параметров предмета труда лесозаготовок с учетом индивидуальных природных особенностей реального древостоя. По мнению авторов, наиболее точным и целесообразным подходом к описанию предмета труда будет методология, основанная на естественном законе роста древостоя. В биологических науках при изучении роста живых организмов такой методологией является теория относительного роста. Биологическая суть явления относительного аллометрического роста состоит в том, что чаще всего отношение скорости роста разных организмов в онтогенезе остается постоянным, хотя абсолютные величины этих скоростей меняются. Применительно к древесным породам установлена возможность использования этого закона для выявления соотношений между линейными и объемными размерами деревьев и древостоев. В работе приведена структура математической модели определения параметров дерева на основе аллометрического метода. Приведены результаты расчетов, подтверждающие эффективность разработанной модели и достоверность результатов прогнозирования выхода продукции лесозаготовительных и деревоперерабатывающих производств до выполнения валки деревьев. This article discusses a new approach to the problem of predicting the output of products from wood at the stage of felling trees. The analysis of scientific papers of previous years on this subject is carried out, methodological and theoretical approaches are evaluated, the analytical forms described for the forms of the whips and the methods of their optimal cutting are evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods are considered as well as the possible ways of their improvement. The authors propose and theoretically justify a new approach to solving the problem of determining the parameters of the object of labor logging, taking into account the individual natural features of the real stand. According to the authors, the most accurate and expedient approach to the description of the subject of labor will be a methodology based on the natural law of growth of the stand. In the biological sciences, when studying the growth of living organisms, such a methodology is the theory of relative growth. The biological essense of the phenomenon of relative allometric growth is that most often the ratio of the growth rate of different organisms in onotogenesis remains constant, although the absolute values of these speeds vary. In relation to the absolute values of these tree species are established between the possibility of using this law to identify the ration of linear and volumetric sizes of trees and tree stands. The paper presents the structure of a mathematical model for determining a tree based on the allometric method. The efficiency of the developed model and the reliability of the results of forecasting the yield of production parameters are given, the calculation results confirming the logging and wood processing industries before felling trees.

scholarly journals Tężnie w Polsce. Geneza, stan i przyszłość zjawiska

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Robert Faracik
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Concentrate Brine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Graduation towers in Poland. Genesis, current state and future of the phenomenon Salt is one of the materials with many uses. For centuries, its therapeutic values have been emphasized. Former salt mining centres, in which graduation towers were used to concentrate brine, played a special role. Along with changes in the technology of obtaining salt, these devices were gradually withdrawn from the use. Some of them began to perform a spa function, which resulted from the impact of the specific microclimate around them on treatment options, including upper respiratory tract diseases. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a great interest in the graduation towers was noted, due to which new facilities began to be built, and adapted to perform the therapeutic function. The literature on the subject is basically limited to analyses of the individual historical objects in terms of history and technology as well as popular-scientific guidebooks and informational studies. The purpose of this study is to give an idea of the genesis and current state of the construction of external graduation towers in Poland (89 facilities have been inventoried), taking into account the dynamics of this state, and the diversity of graduation towers due to its form, size and method of funding. Particular attention was paid to the spatial diversity of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals 1. On Variability in Human Structure, with illustrations from the Flexor Muscles of the Fingers and Toes

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
William Turner
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Form

The author, after referring to variations in the external form of the body in different individuals, and to the relations between external form and internal structure, proceeded to discuss the subject of variability in the different organic systems. He showed that internal structural variations conferred upon the individual characters as distinctive as any peculiarities in external configuration. It was argued that in the development of the individual a morphological specialisation occurs, both in internal structure and external form, so that each man's structural individuality is an expression of the sum of the individual variations of all the constituent parts of his frame.

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