Clinical implications of breast ultrasound elastography

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in Polish women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Screening mammography is the only recognized method for early detection of malignant neoplasm and provides to reduction in cancer related deaths so far. The sensitivity of this examination is strongly influenced by the structure of the breast and is definitely lower for breasts of type 2 and 3 in accordance to American College of Radiology. That is why it is suggested that women younger than 35 years should be examined with ultrasound if necessary, and for women 35 years and older it is recommended to perform mammography, as the primary breast study. Ultrasound elastography is noninvasive imaging technique which can contribute to increase the sensitivity and specificity of recognition breast lesions. There are two main types of elastography: static and shear wave one. According to tissue stiffness, static elastography encodes lesions using a 5-point color scale – the Tsukuba University Score. Improvements in the interpretation of non-invasive examinations with using ultrasound elastography were discussed. It is considered that addition ultrasound elastography to ultrasound B-mode can play an important role in verification focal lesions in the breast.

Download Full-text

Breast Ultrasound Elastography is the Most Mature and Well-documented Method for the Measurement of Tissue Stiffness: A Review

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v16i1.55737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 42-44

Author(s):

Hafizur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Ultrasound Elastography ◽

Tissue Stiffness ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Non Invasive

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of death in females worldwide. North America has one of the highest incidence breast cancer rates in the world, making breast cancer awareness a high priority. Only in the USA, 527 women are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer while 110 women will die of it per day. Central to the importance of breast cancer diagnosis is the fact that almost one-third of the latter group could survive if their cancer is detected and treated early. In a worldwide context, this translates into nearly 400,000 lives that could be saved every year as a result of early detection. As such; developing technique that can help to detect and diagnose breast cancer at early stage can have a great impact on survival and quality of life of breast cancer patients. Conventional breast cancer screening and detection techniques such as clinical breast examination and X- ray mammography are known to have low sensitivity. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive modality for breast cancer detection, however, MRI is costly and has been shown to have low specificity for breast cancer diagnosis. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI has been demonstrated to provide a good sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of benign versus malignant lesions, due to altered angiogenesis mechanisms in tumors. However, in addition to being costly, requires injection of exogenous contrast agents to provide such contrast. An alternate imaging technique for breast cancer detection employs tissue stiffness as contrast mechanism. The technique is founded on the fact that alterations in breast tissue stiffness are frequently associated with pathology. Ultrasound elastography is the most mature and well-documented method for the measurement of tissue stiffness. Elastographybased imaging technique has received substantial attention in recent years for non-invasive assessment of tissue mechanical properties. These techniques take advantage of changed soft tissue elasticity in various pathologies to yield qualitative and quantitative information that can be used for diagnostic purpose. Measurements are acquired in specialized imaging modes that can detect tissue stiffness in response to an applied mechanical force. Ultrasoundbased methods are of particular interest due to its many inherent advantages, such as wide availability including at the bedside and relatively low cost. While ultrasound elastography has shown promising results for non-invasive assessment of breast stiffness is emerging. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):42-44

Download Full-text

THE ROLE OF PET/CT WITH 11C-METHIONINE IN CONTEMPORARY NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202009234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 2076-2079

Author(s):

Maciej Kołodziej ◽

Barbara Bober ◽

Marek Saracyn ◽

Grzegorz Kamiński

Keyword(s):

Imaging Technique ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Oncological Diagnostics

Positron emission tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technique using isotopes with a short half-life usually in combination with chemical compounds. The most commonly used PET/CT tracer is 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose labeled with fluorine (18-FDG). It is used mainly in oncological diagnostics as well as myocardial viability, epilepsy and inflammatory diagnostics. The tracer less commonly used in PET/CT could be carbon-labeled methionine (11C-MET). It is mainly used in the diagnosis of focal lesions in the central nervous system. There are also reports of the use of this tracer in diagnostics of the primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism as well as multiple myeloma. This tracer may also be used in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases and solid tumors, although there is no clear evidence of its advantage over 18-FDG. Conclusion: Significant difficulties in the production and transport of this tracer and lack of reimbursement of this type of procedure in Poland limits the use of this tracer for scientific research.

Download Full-text

Irreversible electroporation ablation against subcutaneously implanted VX2 tumors in rabbits: findings of shearwave ultrasound elastography

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/0036933020954178 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003693302095417

Author(s):

Rui Chen ◽

Sheng Li ◽

Limei Wu ◽

Xueyan Qiao ◽

Yanhua Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Ultrasound Elastography ◽

Tissue Stiffness ◽

Time Points ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Before And After ◽

Invasive Method ◽

The Mean ◽

Tumor Stiffness

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate stiffness changes of rabbit subcutaneous VX2 tumors before and after irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablationby shearwave ultrasound elastography (SWE). Methods IRE was performed on 20 subcutaneously implanted VX2 tumors in rabbits (R-SIVX2). Tumor stiffness was measured by SWE at different time points (before IRE,120minutes after IRE,7 days after IRE and 14 days after IRE). Results Before IRE, the mean stiffness (Emean) of tumors was (10.45 ± 1.07) KPa. 120 minutes after I RE, the Emean of tumors obviously rose to (70.53 ± 9.87) KPa. 7 days after IRE, the Emean of tumors decreased to (40.22 ± 9.01) KPa. 14 days after IRE, the Emean of tumors was (15.17 ± 1.00) KPa. A clear boundary was observed between the ablation area and the normal tissues in the pathological results. Conclusions The stiffness of the VX2 tumors experienced a first rise process and tend to be normal in the procedure of IRE. SWE could provide tissue stiffness information of different IRE ablation period as a non-invasive method.

Download Full-text

X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

Download Full-text

Non-invasive breath test by residual gas analyzer-mass spectrometry: a new method for detection of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1601797 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (S 01) ◽

pp. S1-S84

Author(s):

C Ghosh ◽

M Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Breath Test ◽

New Method ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Residual Gas

Download Full-text

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v11i1.577 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2897-2908

Author(s):

Mohammed S.Aljohani

Keyword(s):

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Image Reconstruction Techniques ◽

Phase Dynamics ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽

And Performance ◽

Optimization And Performance

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.

Download Full-text

Skin diseases in hospitalized geriatrics: a 9-year analysis from a University Dermatology Center in Germany

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s00403-021-02244-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Ansorge ◽

Johannes M. Miocic ◽

Franziska Schauer

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Patients ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Medical Center ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Demographic Trend ◽

Venous Diseases ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Hospitalized Geriatric Patients

AbstractThe demographic trend of an ageing society is mirrored in the rising number of hospitalized geriatric patients in Germany. However, there is still a wide gap of knowledge regarding the dermatological diseases, comorbidities and performed procedures within this growingly important group of patients. The study was conducted as a retrospective monocentric data analysis of all patients 65 years or older from the Department of Dermatology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Germany. In total, 10,009 individual hospitalisations were included from 2009 to 2017, and there was a notable increase of geriatric patients in the study period. This study illustrates the following: leading major diagnoses included malignant neoplasm of the head and neck, ulcerated and non-ulcerated inflammatory spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency, whereas angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and cardiac diseases were noted most frequently as secondary diagnoses. Patients with venous diseases had considerably more often cardiopulmonary minor diagnoses, whereas endocrine diagnoses peaked in the cohort of patients with psoriasis and psychiatric and muscululoskeletal disorders in patients with bullous dieseases. Moh’s surgery, dressings and multimodal dermatological treatments were the most often encoded procedures.

Download Full-text

Serum Anti-Collagen IV IgM and IgG Antibodies as Indicators of Low Vascular Turnover of Collagen IV in Patients with Long-Term Complications of Type 2 Diabetes

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 900

Author(s):

Krasimir Kostov ◽

Alexander Blazhev

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Collagen Iv ◽

Collagen Type Iv ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Type Iv ◽

Antibody Levels

Thickening of the vascular basement membrane (BM) is a fundamental structural change in the small blood vessels in diabetes. Collagen type IV (CIV) is a major component of the BMs, and monitoring the turnover of this protein in type 2 diabetes (T2D) can provide important information about the mechanisms of vascular damage. The aim of the study was through the use of non-invasive biomarkers of CIV (autoantibodies, derivative peptides, and immune complexes) to investigate vascular turnover of CIV in patients with long-term complications of T2D. We measured serum levels of these biomarkers in 59 T2D patients with micro- and/or macrovascular complications and 20 healthy controls using an ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were also tested. In the T2D group, significantly lower levels of CIV markers and significantly higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were found compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was found between IgM antibody levels against CIV and MMP-2. These findings suggest that vascular metabolism of CIV is decreased in T2D with long-term complications and show that a positive linear relationship exists between MMP-2 levels and CIV turnover in the vascular wall.

Download Full-text