Cystic echinococcosis: An attraction for fungal and bacterial pulmonary infections

AbstractLung hydatidosis can remain latent for a long time, and symptoms may occur when the cysts grow to a certain size or when symptoms arise secondary to complications such as rupture or superinfection with bacterial organisms or fungi. A variety of signs denoting different appearances of complicated and/or uncomplicated pulmonary hydatid cysts have been described on chest radiographs and computed tomography scans. Aspergillosis is one of the most common fungal infections associated with pre-existing pulmonary cavities. The coexistence of aspergillosis and hydatid cyst is rare. Citrobacter infections usually occur in patients with underlying co-morbidities or immunosuppression. We presented a case of pulmonary echinococcosis with multiple bilateral cysts in which several consecutive episodes of cysts rupture and concomitant Aspergillus and Citrobacter pulmonary infections have been documented.

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Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985819875721 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 108-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mauricio Jiménez ◽

Caroll Stoore ◽

Christian Hidalgo ◽

Felipe Corrêa ◽

Marcela Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

B Cells ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

B Lymphocyte ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

T And B Cells ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

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Hydatid Cyst Migration in Peritoneal Cavity: A Case Report

Lietuvos chirurgija ◽

10.15388/lietchirur.2019.18.18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 254-258

Author(s):

Petar Markov ◽

Ilija Milev ◽

Aleksandar Mitevski

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Anaphylactic Shock ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Abdominal Organ ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Simple Cyst ◽

Cystic Formation ◽

Abdominal Exploration

Introduction. Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. In most of cases hydatid cysts are found in the liver but in rare cases a migration of the hydatid cyst can occur following rupture of hepatal pericist.Case. A 38 year old female presented with abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness and fever for more than three months. Computed tomography show segment II and IV hepatic per-magna cystic formations with dimensions: No I: 80×60×74 mm and No. II: 70×60×58 mm. Per magna cystic formation in the Douglas space, with dimensions of 93×90×62 mm with clearly expressed mass effect on surrounding organ structures.Discussion. Active hydatid disease may show migration of cysts due to rupture of hepatal pericyst, pressure difference between the anatomic cavities, and by contribution of gravity. Sudden death, anaphylactic shock and dissemination of disease can be seen with cystic content spillage into the peritoneal cavity.Conclusion. Migrated hydatid cysts are very rare parasitic manifestation presenting with symptoms deriving from the neighboring organs. They are diagnosed typically by CT and managed with evacuation of cysts following abdominal exploration. Full abdominal organ ultrasonography, with accent on the liver, should be performed in any case of intraabdominal simple cyst presence.

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Pancreatic Hydatid Cyst Misdiagnosed as Mucinous Cystadenoma: CT and MRI Findings

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56030124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Milica Mitrovic ◽

Boris Tadic ◽

Jelena Kovac ◽

Nikola Grubor ◽

Vladimir Milosavljevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Cystic Lesion ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Mucinous Cystadenoma ◽

Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Ct And Mri

Isolated hydatid cysts of the pancreas are rare lesions, even in endemic regions. In this report, we present the case of a 76-year-old patient who was admitted to our clinic with a diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas. On preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) examination, the cyst was characterized as a mucinous cystadenoma. A laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy followed. A histopathological examination revealed a large hydatid cyst in the tail of the pancreas.

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A Patient With Hemoptysis and the Sign of the Camalote

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy286 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Studemeister ◽

Marcos N Alvarez ◽

Lucy Studemeister

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Radiographic Finding ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Cystic Fluid ◽

Important Clue ◽

Tomography Scan

Abstract A 30-year-old woman presenting with hemoptysis followed by acute respiratory distress developed a diagnostic pulmonary radiographic finding, called the sign of the camalote, indicative of ruptured hydatid cyst. Her computed tomography scan demonstrated the characteristic detached parasitic membrane floating on cystic fluid, reminiscent of Amazonian camalote leaves. She was managed successfully surgically. Ruptured hydatid cysts may present as a diagnostic challenge, in which the sign of the camalote may provide an important clue for this serious complication.

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Epidemiological, Morphometric, and Molecular Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Camel and Cattle From Upper Egypt: Current Status and Zoonotic Implications

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.750640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Gareh ◽

Amira A. Saleh ◽

Samar M. Moustafa ◽

Amin Tahoun ◽

Roua S. Baty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Current Status ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Organ Distribution ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Transmission Cycle ◽

Parasitic Zoonoses ◽

Female Cattle

Cystic echinococcosis has been considered one of the major parasitic zoonoses which is associated with severe economic losses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence, organ distribution, cyst fertility, and viability of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered camels and cattle from various abattoirs in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of the parasite. The occurrence of hydatid cysts was investigated in total number of 100 lungs of camels and 574 liver and lungs of cattle admitted to three slaughterhouses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, several individual variable factors, including organ involvement, age, sex, and hydatid cyst characteristics, were studied to identify their possible association with the occurrence of the disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from the hydatid cysts, followed by molecular identification of the parasite through amplification of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Hydatid cysts were found in 6 camels (6%) out of 100 inspected camels, while 5 hydatid cysts (0.87%) were detected in a total number of 574 cattle examined. The parasite was detected exclusively in lungs of camels, while lungs were the main organ infected by the parasite in cattle and one hydatid cyst was found in the liver (0.17%). In camel, 66.7, 16.65, and 16.65%of detected cysts were fertile, sterile, and calcified, respectively, while in cattle, these percentages were 60, 20, and 20%, respectively. None of the studied variable factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease in camels, with the exception that all cysts were found in the lung. Conversely, we found a significant association (P < 0.05) between the age and sex of the slaughtered cattle and the occurrence of hydatid cysts. In this respect, the rate of infection was higher in female cattle and those cattle more than 5 years (P < 0.05). The morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies confirmed the presence of the parasite. Taken together, our results concluded that camels and cattle play a potential role in maintaining the transmission cycle of this zoonotic parasite.

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Uncommon Locations of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Report of 46 Cases from Southern Iran

Surgery Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/2061045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Reza Shahriarirad ◽

Amirhossein Erfani ◽

Mehrdad Eskandarisani ◽

Mohammad Rastegarian ◽

Bahador Sarkari

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Hydatid Disease ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

The Body ◽

Pelvic Cavity ◽

Fars Province ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Unusual Location ◽

Southern Iran ◽

Demographical Data

Background. Most cases of hydatid cysts form in the liver and lung and other tissues are considered as unusual locations in hydatid cysts. The current study aimed to find out the rate and features of hydatid cysts in uncommon locations in Fars Province, Southern Iran, over a 15-year period. Methods. The hospital records of patients who underwent surgery for hydatid cysts in university-affiliated hospitals in Fars Province, Southern Iran, from 2004 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, clinical and demographical data were recorded. Results. During a 15-year period, a total of 501 patients were surgically treated for hydatid cysts, and out of these, 46 (9.2%) were presented with the unusual locations of hydatid disease. Males constituted 28 (60.9%) of these patients while 18 (39.1%) of the patients were females. The patients’ age ranged from 5 to 80 years (mean = 40.49; SD = 20.37). The size of the cysts ranged from 2 to 20 cm (mean = 8.69, SD = 4.59). The most common unusual location for the hydatid cyst was the spleen with 30.4% of cases, followed by the pelvic cavity (15.2%). Out of 46 cases with unusual location of the hydatid cyst, 10 (21.7%) cases had lung, 22 (47.8%) cases had liver, and 5 (10.9%) cases had both liver and lung hydatid cysts, simultaneously with cysts in unusual locations. Conclusion. In cystic echinococcosis- (CE) endemic areas, hydatid disease can affect any organ, from head to toe, in humans. The disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic entities anywhere in the body.

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Hydatid Cyst of Liver Ruptured in the Portal Vein

Journal of Clinical and Medical Research ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-4333-2(4)-043 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Salah Berkane

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Liver Cyst ◽

Portal System ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

The Right

Introduction: The rupture of a hydatid liver cyst in the portal system is an exceptional complication. It has been reported only few observations in the world literature. We report a case a patient that we operated on for a complicated hydatid liver cyst. Observation: This is a 46-year-old patient, a professional driver with a hunting dog hospitalized in the surgical department for obstructive jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed 3 hydatid cysts in stage III of Gharbi accompanied by partial thrombosis of the portal vein with an absence of visualization of its right branch. The exploration operation revealed the existence of 3 hydatid cysts that communicate with each other and destroy half of the right liver. At the end of the total cystectomy, a communication of the cyst with the right branch of the portal vein was highlighted and the evacuation of the daughter vesicles followed by a major hemorrhage. The daughter vesicle was evacuated and the right branch of the portal vein was ligated and the bile ducts drained by a transcystic drain. The postoperative complications were complicated by a biliary fistula which dried up on the 19th postoperative day. The patient was discharged from the service on the 30th postoperative day. Currently, he is on Albendazole tablet 400mg / day with well health. Conclusion: The rupture of a hydatid cyst in the portal system remains rare and its diagnosis is well established by modern examinations such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment involves surgery and Albendazole but remains quite difficult.

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Chest radiographs and computed tomography scans in children with airway foreign body

Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease ◽

10.4168/aard.2018.6.5.241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Yu Mi Park ◽

Kyunghoon Kim ◽

Hye Jin Lee ◽

Eu Kyoung Lee ◽

Eun Ae Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Foreign Body ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

Airway Foreign Body

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An Adrift and Homeless Cyst within the Peritoneal Cavity

Case Reports in Surgery ◽

10.1155/2021/6630043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ali Mehri ◽

Aida Ayati afin ◽

Masoumeh Gharib ◽

Mohammad Etezadpour

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Zoonotic Infection ◽

Bladder Dome ◽

Histopathological Studies ◽

Tomography Scan

Introduction. Echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus species. Iran is endemic for Echinococcus granulosus. Here, we present a case of hydatidosis in an 85-year-old man, presented with acute, dull, constant, and generalized abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan (CT scan) showed an intact hydatid cyst on the bladder dome and several hydatid cysts in the liver. Open surgery revealed a cyst with hepatic origin, confirmed with histopathological studies. Conclusion. Although a primary abdominal hydatid cyst is very rare, it can be transferred to the abdominal cavity without any rupture as secondary ones. In this case, rupture of the liver wall was the reason for this transfer. As a result, there should be a suspicion of hydatidosis in a patient with a similar presentation.

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Infection status of hydatid cysts in Iran: A review

Infectious Diseases and Herbal Medicine ◽

10.4081/idhm.2021.125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Faham Khamesipour ◽

Shadan Shojaat ◽

Bahareh Basirpour ◽

Parya Kheiri ◽

Sana Afzal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Review Article ◽

Infection Status ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Health Organizations ◽

The World ◽

The Status

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a significant zoonosis, and is endemic in some parts of the world including Iran. Hydatid cyst in Iran has been studied from different aspects and has been reported from most parts of the country. But there is no comprehensive report on the appearance of pollution in the country. This study was conducted to investigate the approximate status of infection from 1985 to 2019. In this review article, various reports on hydatid cysts were collected from 1985 to 2019. According to three criteria, i.e. the rate of infection of dogs with adult worms, the rate of infection of livestock, and the rate of infection of humans with hydatid cysts, the articles were summarized and presented to approximate the status of infection in Iran. In this study, the average infection among 11593 dogs was estimated to be 11.28%. In the case of livestock, according to this review, the maximum infection of sheep was in Ardebil with 74.4%, goats and cattle were in Sari with 37.8% and 40.1%, camels in Khorasan Razavi with 40.40%, and Tabriz had the highest amount of infection in buffaloes. Out of 70907 people tested, the summary of seroepidemiological studies shows that the average infection in humans is 5.57%. The information obtained from this review article shows that despite the efforts of health organizations and veterinary organizations, the rate of infection in Iran is still high compared to some countries.

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