scholarly journals The Importance of the World Kidney Day World Kidney Day – 11 March 2021 – Living Well with Kidney Disease

PRILOZI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Momir H. Polenakovic ◽  
Saso Dohcev ◽  
Irena Rambabova-Bushljetik ◽  
Dusko Gjorgjievski ◽  
Goce Spasovski
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Abstract World Kidney Day (WKD) is a global campaign to raise awareness of the importance of our kidneys to overall health and to reduce the frequency and impact of kidney disease and associated health problems worldwide. Kidney disease is a non-communicable disease (NCD) and currently affects around 850 million people worldwide. One in ten adults has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The global burden of CKD is increasing, and is projected to become the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume 2–3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, kidney disease can be prevented and progression to end-stage kidney disease can be delayed with appropriate access to basic diagnostics and early treatment. This year World Kidney Day continues to raise awareness of the increasing burden of kidney diseases worldwide and to strive for kidney health for everyone, everywhere. During the pandemic with COVID 19 patients kidneys are also damaged, apart from the respiratory tract and other organs. It can lead to an increase in acute renal failure and consequent chronic kidney insufficiency, as well as number of deaths. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the renal function in each patient with COVID 19 virus. In the Republic of North Macedonia from 2006 to present day nephrologists and other medical personnel devoted to the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of renal disease have participated in the activities of the World Kidney Day. These activities were supported by the Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artificial Organs, the Department of Nephrology at the Medical Faculty, the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia, non-governmental nephrology organizations (NEFRON) and the media. There were lectures and presentation devoted to the various theme of the WKD, publications in journals, as well as activities for examination of the renal function of patients in the medical centers. The activities during the WKD contributed to the improvement of the nephrological protection of the citizens of the Republic of N. Macedonia.

scholarly journals KOREAN LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION - WITH THE FOCUS ON BOOKS AND TEACHING MATERIALS -

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 7-55
Author(s):  
Anna BOROWIAK ◽  
Choonsil LIM
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Korean History ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The World ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

A keen interest in the culture and economic development of the Republic of Korea has resulted in establishing business relations between Korea and various countries all around the world. The Korean War (1950-1953) is said to be the catalyst for Korean Studies, since it has generated a considerable interest in Korean history, language and culture. Yet, when the Korean Language Education (henceforward KLE) is being referred to, usually the years when the boom for "everything that is Korean” started, which could be attributed to the successfully organized Summer Olympics in 1988 and co-organized Asian World Cup in 2002, are being mentioned. This was when the world saw a different side of Korea. However, also thanks to the enormous popularity of Hallyu and the support of the South Korean Government given to initiatives, which among others, popularize the Korean language, the interest in various aspects of Korean culture as well as the language itself, has become higher than ever before. Since the turn of the 21st century, South Korea is perceived as one of the world's leading exporters of culture and tourism, and Hangeul became one of the exported goods.The aim of this research is to analyze the situation of KLE in the era of globalization, which along with the spread of lingua franca, among them English, is endangering the language variety of the world. In order to do so, several significant dates and initiatives showing how Korean scholars and the Government have influenced and shaped the language policy and thus have contributed to the popularization of the language all around the world will also be referred to. Government sponsored institutions providing Korean language classes, as well as books and other teaching materials, will be discussed and classified. The article will also try to answer the question concerning the future of the KLE.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-661
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced on June 17, 1960, a twenty-year term loan of $15.5 million, bearing 6 percent interest per annum, with amortization beginning in 1963, to the Republic of the Sudan, to finance most of the remaining foreign exchange costs of the Managil Irrigation Scheme, local currency requirements to be provided by the government of the Sudan. The project was an extension of, and patterned on, the Gezira Scheme, one of the most successful irrigation projects in the world, and a 10 percent annual increase in the value of Sudan's agricultural output was expected to result from its development. Three United States banks participated in the loan.

II. Dutch Views and Uses of British Policy in India around 1800

Itinerario ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Robert van Niel
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
The State ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

On August 31, 1803, a group of seven men, comprising the Commission for East Indies Affairs (Commissie tot de Oost-Indische Zaken), submitted the final report of its deliberations to the Government of the State of the Batavian Republic (Staatsbewind der Bataafsche Republiek) in The Hague. This Commission had been called into existence in November 1802 to make recommendations on how best to administer and conduct trade with the nation's possessions in the East Indies in a fashion that would render the greatest advantage to the nation's finances and profit to its commerce. Only a couple of years earlier Holland's monopolistic United East Indies Company (VOC) had been terminated by the Republic, and its assets and liabilities assumed by the State. The liabilities were immediately identifiable, for they consisted of debts which had to be paid in hard cash. The assets, on the other hand, consisted of territories – most of which had fallen under English control – and factories that somehow had to be made profitable, but seemed, given the then-existing conditions in the world, to be almost out of reach. The Commission was supposed to make recommendations as to how the remaining, territories of the VOC should be managed and how the trade with the East Indies and Asia in general was to be made profitable. This was no small task, so it may appear somewhat wondrous that the Commission was able to complete its work in less than ten months. The dispatch with which the Commission's work was completed, however, is more understandable if it is realised that the financial collapse of the VOC had been openly recognised since 1786, and various proposals for either reform or total change of the Company's system had been presented and discussed. These alternative proposals were well known to the members of the Commission. Their work, therefore, involved striking a balance among these proposals rather than creating a system de novo.

scholarly journals Alternative energy in Russia and Tatarstan: challenges and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05084
Author(s):  
Irek Salikhov ◽  
Vilora Avilova ◽  
Rashit Fazylov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The innovation in the energy sector involves the use of renewable resources and the transition to eco-energy, which requires a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for the economically sound choice when deciding on the energy strategy for each region. The use of alternative energy sources in Russia and the world is analyzed, which brings us to a conclusion that Russia is currently in an intermediate position in this area. Measures are proposed in orderd to strengthen the government support for Eco energy. It is held that the development of solar energy will play the largest role in the innovative development of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article is devoted to the problems of solar energy in Russia and Tatarstan respectively, as well as to the prospects for its development based on the proposed legislative, investment, financial and organizational solutions. The article provides a methodology for the comprehensive and effective adaptation of foreign experience in the field of alternative energy and a roadmap for the implementation.

The Limits of Self-Determination: The Case of the Katanga Secession

1962 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Small States ◽  
The World ◽  
States Government ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Not the least paradoxical aspect of the United Nations mandate in the Congo, as described in the three-power resolution adopted by the Security Council on November 24, 1961, is that it was designed to prevent the exercise of a right which is explicitly recognized by the Charter. In effect, by “completely rejecting the claim of the Katanga as a sovereign independent Nation” and “recognizing the government of the Republic of the Congo as exclusively responsible for the conduct of the external affairs of the Congo,” the authors of the resolution clearly denied the provincial authorities of the Katanga the right to self-determination. Similarly, the support given by the United States government to the resolution, reaffirmed in several official statements, seems hardly compatible with our long-standing moral commitment to the Wilsonian principle that “the small states of the world have a right to enjoy the same respect for their sovereignty and territorial integrity that the great and powerful states expect and insist upon.” Actually, what may at first sight appear to be a sign of inconsistency is rather a reflection of the fundamental ambiguity in the concept of self-determination.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the economy in the geography of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10044
Author(s):  
Madina A Raimjanova ◽  
Dildora Kh Shadiyeva ◽  
Laziz S Zoyirov ◽  
Rasulbek B Saidov ◽  
Mavluda T Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to an overview of the development and state of the digital economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the world as a whole. In particular, the role of information and communication technologies in enhancing the economic growth of countries and facilitating access to public services is being examined. The main components that stimulate the development of the country’s digital economy (investments in information and communication technologies and their development, digital infrastructure, e-government) are revealed. When studying the material, the methods of analysis, observation, grouping, comparison of world experience in the development of information and communication technologies, and the digitization of the economy were used. A review of the main world ratings that are significant in the development of the digital economy is carried out and the place of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the ratings is revealed, a growth trend is noted. The analysis of the prospects of digital technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan is carried out, the special role of the documents issued by the government on the development of the digital economy, as well as the organizations created that allow making innovative proposals, is noted. Based on the results of the study of the material, recommendations were made for improving the state of the digital economy in the country and in the world as a whole. These recommendations are also reflected in the regulatory documents on regulating the digitalization of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Renal Ultrasound Elastography: A Review of the Previous Reports on Chronic Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9677
Author(s):  
Takuji Iyama ◽  
Takaaki Sugihara ◽  
Tomoaki Takata ◽  
Hajime Isomoto
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Renal Ultrasound

The early detection of a kidney injury is essential to protect against the progression of kidney damage owing to the progressive nature of chronic kidney disease. A renal biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of pathological alterations such as interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. However, there are concerns regarding potential complications including bleeding and a reduction in renal function. Ultrasound elastography is an ideal modality for assessing the alterations in various organs and diagnosing malignant tumors. This technique has the potential to help detect early changes in renal function and pathological alterations. However, the careful application and interpretation of this technique in the kidney is required because of its complex hemodynamics and architecture. Shear wave elastography is the most widely investigated technique among ultrasound elastography. This review aims to summarize the previous investigations of the kidney using shear wave elastography, particularly for renal malignancy, kidney transplantation, and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, we have highlighted the influencing factors concerning the practical measurement of renal elasticity.

Knowledge and Awareness on Economic impact of Covid-19 among Trichy city population - A survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 558-566
Author(s):  
Kiran Srinivas B ◽  
Gayatri Devi R ◽  
Yuvaraj Babu K
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
City Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Government

Coronavirus disease [Covid 19] is an infectious communicable disease causing severe causality among the world’s population. A communicable disease with high intense spread rates originated from China. As a result the world has locked all its gates, prevails in the entire world. Economy the most affected sector in any country, daily life living is now restricted. The main aim of this study is to test the knowledge and create awareness on various attributes that are related to the Indian economy among the Trichy population. A self assessed questionnaire containing 14 questions about Indian economy during COVID 19 were framed and was shared through an online survey platform. The questionnaire was passed to 109 individuals. Responses from them were collected and were through SPSS. Many residents from Trichy are aware about various aspects that affect our economy. Most of the responses from them were relevant and correct, emphasizing that they are already aware in these fields. Pandemic plays an important role in deciding a country’s economy. It shows its effects on all sectors of the government. Measures should be adopted by the citizens in order to escape from this economic fever.

Kidney health for everyone everywhere from prevention to detection and equitable access to care

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Philip Kam-Tao Li ◽  
Guillermo Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Siu-Fai Lui ◽  
Sharon Andreoli ◽  
Winston Wing-Shing Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Country Specific

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions – be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can beimplemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers.

Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Adult Kidney ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Desk Reference

Written for the busy nephrologist and internist who need easy to access information on the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of patients with kidney disease, the Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology is presented in a way that is not only easy to read and digest but also is detailed enough to allow an in depth understanding of the complex mix of metabolic, immunological, and genetic causes of both acute and chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are rarely affected by disease in isolation; the book comprehensively covers the multisystem disorders that require a multidisciplinary approach, including the cardiological, rheumatological, haematological, infectious, oncological, and urological aspects of kidney disease. In parallel, it extensively describes the myriad multisystem complications of progressive chronic kidney disease with practical advice on how these should be investigated and managed. The importance of understanding the evolution of kidney disease in children and young adults is covered, as in many parts of the world there is no distinction between adult and paediatric nephrology. Therefore, it is important that nephrologists have a sound grasp of both paediatric and adult kidney diseases. The number of patients with advanced kidney disease treated with a kidney transplant or receiving dialysis is increasing in all parts of the world. All nephrologists will manage patients on dialysis or who have a kidney transplant and all internists will encounter these patients. Thus, it is imperative that they have an understanding of these treatments and the commonly encountered medical problems such patients experience.

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