Callitriche cophocarpa — a new rich source of active phenolic compounds

AbstractThis study was focused on the analysis of the contents (by HPLC-DAD) and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of aquatic higher plant Callitriche cophocarpa. The novelty of the work was: 1) the study of the species which is almost unknown in the context of investigations of bio-active compounds and, 2) the application of a unique L-band electron resonance spectroscopy (L-band EPR) to measure antioxidant activity of samples. The results were compared with those obtained for microalgae Chlorella and Spirulina which are widely distributed as the diet supplements. The obtained results are very promising with respect to the freeze-dried material of Callitriche, which revealed both high level of phenolic compounds (33 mg g−1 dry weight) and antioxidant activity (0.14 g of reduced DPPH· g−1 dry weight). An isoform of sinapic acid appeared to be the main fraction in this sample. The average content of the total phenolic compounds in Callitriche freeze-dried samples was ca. 43 or 25 times higher than in the case of the Chlorella or Spirulina samples, respectively. These samples showed also 16 times lower scavenging activity in relation to freeze-dried Callitriche material.

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Effect of Freeze, Oven and Microwave Pretreated Oven Drying on Color, Browning Index, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Hawthorn (Crataegus orientalis) Fruit

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha46211027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hacer COKLAR ◽

Mehmet AKBULUT ◽

Semih KILINC ◽

Ali YILDIRIM ◽

Iliasu ALHASSAN

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Drying Method ◽

Microwave Pretreatment ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Freeze Dried

Flowers, leaves and fruits of hawthorn plant are traditionally used for treating diseases like hypertension and atherosclerosis. The medicinal effects of the plant are generally attributed to its phenolic compounds. However, the fruits are perishable materials because of their high content of water, and generally dried and stored to be used outside its season. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on phenolic compounds of the hawthorn fruit. Fruits were collected from the wild growing trees in Turkey. De-seeded fruits were dried in freeze-, oven- (60 oC) and microwave pretreated oven drying (microwave application for 5 min at 360 W before drying at 60 oC) methods and analyzed for antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total phenolic content and color parameters. Total phenolic content of fresh hawthorn fruits was found as 13.36 mg g-1 DW. Oven- and microwave pretreated oven drying methods had a reductive effect on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits when compared to freeze drying method. (-)-Epicatechin (994.10 mg kg-1 DW), rutin (765.30 mg kg-1 DW), and procyanidin B2 (553.80 mg kg-1 DW) were the main phenolics of the fruit. Lowest values of these three compounds were observed in oven-dried fruits. Microwave pretreatment oven drying method resulted in browner product. Although the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity were occurred in freeze-dried sample, microwave pretreatment before oven drying could be applied to reduce the time and cost of drying in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.

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The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2017-0302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (11-12) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kashif Ghafoor ◽

Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed ◽

Süleyman Doğu ◽

Nurhan Uslu ◽

Gbemisola J. Fadimu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Different Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.

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Germinated Buckwheat: Effects of Dehulling on Phenolics Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Buckwheat Seeds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 740

Author(s):

Andrej Živković ◽

Tomaž Polak ◽

Blaž Cigić ◽

Tomaž Požrl

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Germinated Seeds

The aim was to investigate the effects of the cold dehulling of buckwheat seeds on their germination, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and phenolics composition. Cold dehulling had no negative effects on germination rate and resulted in faster rootlet growth compared to hulled seeds. Although the dehulling of the seeds significantly decreased TPC and AA, the germination of dehulled seeds resulted in 1.8-fold and 1.9-fold higher TPC and AA compared to hulled seeds. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified several phenolic compounds in free and bound forms. Rutin was the major compound in hulled seeds (98 µg/g dry weight), orientin and vitexin in 96-h germinated dehulled seeds (2205, 1869 µg/g dry weight, respectively). During germination, the increases in the major phenolic compounds were around two orders of magnitude, which were greater than the increases for TPC and AA. As well as orientin and vitexin, high levels of other phenolic compounds were detected for dehulled germinated seeds (e.g., isoorientin, rutin; 1402, 967 µg/g dry weight, respectively). These data show that dehulled germinated seeds of buckwheat have great potential for use in functional foods as a dietary source of phenolic compounds with health benefits.

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Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Orange By-Product

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

María del Carmen Razola-Díaz ◽

Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández ◽

Celia Rodríguez-Pérez ◽

Ana María Gómez-Caravaca ◽

Belén García-Villanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Orange peel (OP) is the main by-product from orange juice industry. OP is a known source of bioactive compounds and is widely studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this research focuses on the establishments of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds in orange peel using a sonotrode; objective framed in the European SHEALTHY (non-thermal physical technologies to preserve healthiness of fresh and minimally processed fruit and vegetables) project. For this purpose, a Box Behnken design of 27 experiments was carried out with 4 independent factors (ratio ethanol/water, time (min), amplitude (%) and pulse (%)). Quantitative analyses of total phenolic compounds (TPC) were performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH methods. The validity of the experimental design was confirmed by ANOVA and the optimal sonotrode extraction conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. The optimal extracts were characterized by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometer detectors. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity was obtained using 45/55 ethanol/water (v/v), 35 min, amplitude 90% (110 W) and pulse 100%. The established method allows the extraction of 30.42 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of total phenolic compounds from OP; this value suppose an increment up to 60% higher than conventional extraction.

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Effect of Light and Dark on the Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat Hairy Roots Overexpressing ZmLC

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4702

Author(s):

Chang Ha Park ◽

Ye Eun Park ◽

Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽

Nam Il Park ◽

Sang Un Park

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽

Continuous Darkness ◽

Phenolic Contents

Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10′ is a buckwheat cultivar capable of producing large amounts of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids (anthocyanins), phenolic acids, and catechin, which have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we revealed that the maize transcription factor Lc increased the accumulation of phenolic compounds, including sinapic acid, 4-hydroxybenzonate, t-cinnamic acid, and rutin, in Hokkai T10 hairy roots cultured under long-photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) conditions. The transcription factor upregulated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes, yielding total phenolic contents reaching 27.0 ± 3.30 mg g−1 dry weight, 163% greater than the total flavonoid content produced by a GUS-overexpressing line (control). In contrast, when cultured under continuous darkness, the phenolic accumulation was not significantly different between the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots and the control. These findings suggest that the transcription factor (ZmLC) activity may be light-responsive in the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum, triggering activation of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Further studies are required on the optimization of light intensity in ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum to enhance the production of phenolic compounds.

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Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Total Phenolic Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Indigenous Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Fruits

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.4.8064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 258-266

Author(s):

Dan Razvan Popoviciu ◽

Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol ◽

Ludmila Motelica ◽

Bogdan-Stefan Negreanu-Pirjol

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Methanol Extraction ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Pyracantha Coccinea

Scarlet/red firethorn, Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem., is a common ornamental shrub, commonly cultivated nowadays in Romania and many other countries, in gardens or hedges. The tree has small white flowers and it produces small bright colored berries. The fruit is bitter and astringent, making it inedible when raw. The fruit can be cooked to make jellies, jams, sauces and marmalade. In this study, the Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem fruits from three common cultivars named �Orange Glow�, �Red Column� and �Soleil d�Or�, were collected from different individuals in Constanta city, Romania. Both frozen and dried (80�C) fruits were analyzed for the active principles content such as, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds correlated with antioxidant activity. Carotenoids were determined by acetone extraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, flavonoids, by methanol extraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry and total phenolic, by methanol extraction, Folin-Ciocalteu reaction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The total antioxidant capacity was quantified through photochemiluminescence method by comparison with the standard substance used for calibration, Trolox� as tocopherol analogue (ACL procedure) using Photochem apparatus, Analytik Jena AG, Germany. The average carotenoid content in fresh frozen fruits ranged between 278-545 mg/kg (dry weight equivalent), while in dry material 133-203 mg/kg. Total flavonoids averaged 1415-4953 mg/kg in fresh fruits, increasing after heat-drying to 2981-5759 mg/kg. Fresh fruits contained a total amount of phenolic compounds of 11501-21107 mg/kg DW gallic acid equivalent, while dry fruits averaged 5749-8261 mg/kg GAE. Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. fruits emphasized an increased antioxidant activity correlated with a high content of potentially bioactive compounds, especially of phenolic compounds, both in frozen and heat-dried state. �Red Column� and �Orange Glow� are the most promising varieties of the three cultivars, for potential pharmaceutical applications.

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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of Phenolic Compounds from Citrus latifolia Waste for Chitosan Bioactive Nanoparticles Development

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3541 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nelly Medina-Torres ◽

Hugo Espinosa-Andrews ◽

Stéphane Trombotto ◽

Teresa Ayora-Talavera ◽

Jesús Patrón-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Value Added ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Citrus Latifolia ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Bioactive Phenols-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PL-CNps) were developed by ionic gelation from Persian lemon (Citrus latifolia) waste (PLW) and chitosan nanoparticles. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) conditions for the total phenolic compounds (TPC) recovery from PLW (58.13 mg GAE/g dw), evaluating the ethanol concentration, extraction time, amplitude, and solid/liquid ratio. Eight compounds expressed as mg/g dry weight (dw) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) analysis: eriocitrin (20.71 ± 0.09), diosmin (18.59 ± 0.13), hesperidin (7.30 ± 0.04), sinapic acid (3.67 ± 0.04), catechin (2.92 ± 0.05), coumaric acid (2.86 ± 0.01), neohesperidin (1.63 ± 0.00), and naringenin (0.44 ± 0.00). The PL-CNps presented size of 232.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.182, Z potential of −3.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 81.16%. The results indicated that a synergic effect between phenolic compounds from PLW and chitosan nanoparticles was observed in antioxidant and antibacterial activity, according to Limpel’s equation. Such results indicate that PLW in such bioprocesses shows excellent potential as substrates for the production of value-added compounds with a special application for the food industry.

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Nutritional Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile of Shortcrust Cookies Supplemented by Edible Flowers

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10112531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2531

Author(s):

Kristýna Šťastná ◽

Daniela Sumczynski ◽

Erkan Yalcin

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent

In this study, the changes in nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in free and bound fractions of shortcrust cookies were investigated. By incorporating ingredients such as kamut, matcha tea, dried mango and jasmine flowers, the contents of crude and neutral-detergent fibre reached up to 2.0 and 5.0%, respectively. Similar increments were observed in phenolic compound contents and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity values. Concerning cookies supplemented with matcha tea, the total phenolic compound content raised from 1.0 to 4.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and the antioxidant activity value increased from 0.5 to 5.7 mg trolox equivalent/g on a dry weight basis. For determining the antioxidant activity values in water-soluble and insoluble phenolic fractions of the cookies, a photochemiluminiscence assay was separately applied, and they were found up to 0.8 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g and 3.2 mg trolox equivalent/g, respectively. The main phenolic compounds in all supplemented cookies were neochlorogenic, gallic and vanillic acids.

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Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity of Talaromyces funiculosus Strains

Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal ◽

10.15407/microbiolj82.05.048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 48-57

Author(s):

S.O. Syrchin ◽

◽

О.M. Yurieva ◽

L.T. Nakonechna ◽

F.V. Muchnyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Microscopic fungi synthesize a wide range of phenolic compounds that play an important role in cell wall formation, as well as perform signaling and protective functions. One of the important functions of phenolic compounds, primarily polyphenols, is antioxidant activity. The most active polyphenols are flavonoids, their synthesis in microscopic fungi has not been studied enough. The aim of the study was to determine the total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Talaromyces funiculosus strains isolated from different econiches. Methods. 20 strains of the microscopic fungus T. funiculosus – 10 endophytes and 10 saprotrophs were used in the experiments. Cultivation of filamentous fungi was performed under submerged conditions with shaking at 210–230 rpm in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 200 ml of Czapek liquid medium at a temperature 26±2°C for 6 days. The biomass of the strains was filtered, dried at 70°C and extracted with 95% methanol (1:50 w/v). The total phenols content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by the method of Arora, Chandra (2010) with some modifications and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry weight mycelium. Flavonoids in each extract were determined spectrophotometrically with AlCl3 and expressed as mg of quercetin equivalents (QE) per g of dry weight mycelium. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was measured as radical scavenging activity by the percentage inhibition of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Results. The total phenolic content of methanolic extracts of T. funiculosus strains ranged from 0.12±0.007 to 1.97±0.150 mg GAE/g. The highest level of phenolic compounds was found for saprotroph UCM F-16790 (1.97±0.150) and endophyte UCM F-16795 (1.71±0.137 mg GAE/g). The flavonoid content in methanolic extracts of the studied strains varied in the range of 0.02±0.001–0.39±0.041 mg QE/g. All studied strains of T. funiculosus showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical, which was 12.19±2.34–60.37±7.24% inhibition. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the total phenols and flavonoids content (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r=0.92); between antioxidant activity, phenols (r=0.82) and flavonoids (r=0.81) content in methanol extracts of T. funiculosus strains. The total content of phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity did not depend on the trophic group of the studied strains. The moderate correlation between flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of endophytic T. funiculosus strains (r=0.46) may be related to their ability to synthesize a wider range of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Conclusions. The studied T. funiculosus strains have the ability to synthesize phenolic compounds and flavonoids in different concentrations. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The reason for phenomenon of moderate correlation (r=0.46) between flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in endophytic strains may be the synthesis of other compounds by individual strains. The determination of individual components synthesized by the most active strains is of scientific interest for further study. T. funiculosus UСM F-16795 and UСM F-16790 strains had a quite high level of phenols and flavonoids. Obtained data may be promising for the search for phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties to increase plant resistance to negative impacts of environmental stress factors.

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Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Two Creeping Cotoneaster Species Fruits Extracts

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.3.7981 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 136-142

Author(s):

Dan Razvan Popoviciu ◽

Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol ◽

Ludmila Motelica ◽

Bogdan Stefan Negreanu Pirjol

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Methanol Extraction ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Trolox Equivalent

Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. and Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. species are two creeping bushes, commonly used as ornamental plants in gardens and parks. The aim of this paper was to assess the concentrations of some classes of bioactive compounds classes, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds, in fresh fruits of these species. Carotenoids and flavonoids were determined through acetone and methanol extraction followed by spectrophotometry. For total phenolics, methanol extraction and a spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteu method was used. The total antioxidant capacity was quantified through photochemiluminescence method by comparison with the standard substance used for calibration, Trolox� as tocopherol analogue (ACL procedure) using Photochem apparatus, Analytik Jena AG, Germany. Average values found in Cotoneaster horizontalis and Cotoneaster microphyllus fruit tissue were 380.63 mg/kg, respectively 179.63 mg/kg, carotenoids; 8036.07 mg/kg, respectively 6888.06 mg/kg flavonoids; and 16342.06 mg/kg GAE, respectively 18631.35 mg/kg GAE total phenolic compounds. These values are comparable to those found in other wild and cultivated related Rosaceae, including domestic rowans. Cotoneaster microphyllus fruits emphasized an increased antioxidant activity (up to 39.69 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight).

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