scholarly journals Germinated Buckwheat: Effects of Dehulling on Phenolics Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Buckwheat Seeds

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Andrej Živković ◽  
Tomaž Polak ◽  
Blaž Cigić ◽  
Tomaž Požrl
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The aim was to investigate the effects of the cold dehulling of buckwheat seeds on their germination, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and phenolics composition. Cold dehulling had no negative effects on germination rate and resulted in faster rootlet growth compared to hulled seeds. Although the dehulling of the seeds significantly decreased TPC and AA, the germination of dehulled seeds resulted in 1.8-fold and 1.9-fold higher TPC and AA compared to hulled seeds. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified several phenolic compounds in free and bound forms. Rutin was the major compound in hulled seeds (98 µg/g dry weight), orientin and vitexin in 96-h germinated dehulled seeds (2205, 1869 µg/g dry weight, respectively). During germination, the increases in the major phenolic compounds were around two orders of magnitude, which were greater than the increases for TPC and AA. As well as orientin and vitexin, high levels of other phenolic compounds were detected for dehulled germinated seeds (e.g., isoorientin, rutin; 1402, 967 µg/g dry weight, respectively). These data show that dehulled germinated seeds of buckwheat have great potential for use in functional foods as a dietary source of phenolic compounds with health benefits.

The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ghafoor ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Süleyman Doğu ◽  
Nurhan Uslu ◽  
Gbemisola J. Fadimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Campomanesia Phaea Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Daniele Martins Firmiano ◽  
Gabriela Marques Bittencourt ◽  
Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This research used the Pressurized Liquid Extraction process (PLE) to obtain cambuci extracts rich in phenolic compounds and, consequently, with high antioxidant activity. Methods: We determined the centesimal composition and the mean particle size of the dried and crushed sample for characterization of the fixed bed extractor. Extractions with pressurized ethanol were performed following a Central Composite Design (CCD) with temperature (60 °C at the center point with ± 10 °C amplitude) and the contact time between the solvent and the matrix (6 min at the center point with ± 2 min amplitude) as independent variables in the process. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of compounds and antioxidant activity were determined. Results: The mean particle size of the cambuci in the PLE was 263.4 μm with apparent and real densities of 32.42 g/cm3 and 1.62 g/cm3, respectively, resulting in a fixed bed porosity of 0.43. The centesimal composition of the comminuted and dried sample was 12.5 ± 0.1% moisture, 3.2 ± 0.2% ash, 3.35 ± 0.07% crude protein, 10.32 ± 0.08% crude fiber and 0.35 ± 0.04% ethereal extract. The highest extraction yield (41.7%) was obtained by using the binomial 70 ºC with 8 min of solvent contact in three batches. Extracts with the highest TPC (6501.10 mg AGE/100 g sample) were obtained by the binomial 74 °C with 6 min of contact; the binomial 50 °C with 4 min of contact gave rise to the extract with the highest antioxidant activity. The CCD showed high yield extracts with high antioxidant activity and a high total phenolic compound content. Conclusion: With the use of the proposed experimental design, it was possible to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from the sample.

scholarly journals Effect of physicochemical properties and phenolic compounds of bifloral propolis on antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity

Nova Scientia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey David Vargas Sánchez ◽  
Evelin Martínez Benavidez ◽  
Javier Hernández ◽  
Gastón Ramón Torrescano Urrutia ◽  
Armida Sánchez Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Phenolic Components

In this study the effect of pollen source (mesquite and catclaw) on the sensory characteristics (appearance, color, aroma, taste, consistency and visible impurities), and physicochemical properties of raw propolis, and the phenolic content and biological activities of propolis extracts (PEs) was determined. The phenolic composition of PEs was determined by the total phenolic (TPC), flavone and flavonol (FFC), and flavanone and dihydroflavonol content (FDC). The individual phenolic components were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant activity was determined by the ferric-reducing power (FRAP) and free-radical scavenging activity (FRS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua) and Gram-negative (Echerichia coli and Salmonella thyphimurium) bacteria. The results showed that sensory characteristic and physicochemical properties of mesquite and catclaw propolis complied with international quality regulations. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified, of which pinocembrin, naringenin, galangin, chrysin and quercetin were found a high concentration (> 3 mg/g). Mesquite propolis had the highest phenolic content (TFC and FDC), as well as antioxidant activity (> 2.5 mg Fe (II) equivalent/g; > 40% of DPPH radical inhibition) and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterias in the order S. aureus > L. innocua (> 50% of inhibition for both bacterias at 500 µg/mL). These results indicating that pollen source affect the sensory characteristics and physicochemical properties of propolis, as well as the biological activity of their extracts.

scholarly journals Effects of water stress on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of African nightshades

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
ODHIAMBO PETER OKELLO ◽  
JOSEPH P. ONYANGO GWEYI ◽  
MILDRED PAULINE NAWIRI ◽  
WINFRED MUSILA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Solanum Villosum

Okello OP, Gweyi JPO, Nawiri Mp, Musila W. 2017. Effects of water stress on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of African nightshades. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 79-95. This study aimed at mapping out the distribution of different African Nightshade species in Siaya and Kisii Counties of Kenya and to determine water stress effect on total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of two selected African nightshade namely, giant nightshade (Solanum scabrum) and black nightshade (Solanum villosum). Before selection of the two varieties, the study involved farmer field visits, mapping of nightshades present and administration of semi-structured questionnaires to farmers to determine the indigenous vegetables being grown, the nightshade species grown and factors affecting their production. The experiments were conducted both in the field and greenhouse conditions. Watering intervals were at 15 cbars, 50 cbars, and 85 cbars. Data on the number of secondary buds, leaf area, shoot height, shoot and root dry weights were gathered. The total antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content were recorded using DPPH radical scavenging method and Folin-Ciolcalteu method, respectively. The data collected were subjected to ANOVA. In both counties where production was 100% under small scale, Solanum scabrum was the main variety grown is Siaya County (36%) while in Kisii the main variety was Solanum villosum (32%). There were significant differences (P≤0.05) among treatments in leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, number of secondary buds, leaf and root total phenolic content and leaf and root antioxidant activity. At all stress levels, Solanum scabrum exhibited the tallest plants with a maximum height of 45.17cm at 15cbars, while Solanum villosum had the shortest plants at all stress levels, with the shortest one being recorded at 16.65 cm at 85 cbars. S. scabrum also had the highest root dry weight (7.78g), shoot dry weight (50.78g) and highest leaf area of (304.45cm2). However, Solanum villosum had the highest number of secondary buds at all stress levels with the highest being 24 at 15 cbars. Concerning phytochemicals, Solanum villosum had a higher concentration of both the total phenolics and antioxidant activity in the shoots (46.41g GAE/Kg DM total phenolic content and 52.68% total antioxidant activity). Meanwhile, Solanum scabrum had a higher concentration in the roots (25.06gGAE/Kg DM total phenolic content and 27.18% total antioxidant activity). Water stress cause a decline in all growth parameters but increased phytochemical accumulation in nightshade accessions grown. It is therefore suggested that for better yields, irrigation should be performed at every 15 cbars, however for adequate phytochemical accumulation, the irrigation should be carried out at 50 cbars. Further research to explore and quantify other phytochemical components as affected by different watering regimes need to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze, Oven and Microwave Pretreated Oven Drying on Color, Browning Index, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Hawthorn (Crataegus orientalis) Fruit

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer COKLAR ◽  
Mehmet AKBULUT ◽  
Semih KILINC ◽  
Ali YILDIRIM ◽  
Iliasu ALHASSAN
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried

Flowers, leaves and fruits of hawthorn plant are traditionally used for treating diseases like hypertension and atherosclerosis. The medicinal effects of the plant are generally attributed to its phenolic compounds. However, the fruits are perishable materials because of their high content of water, and generally dried and stored to be used outside its season. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on phenolic compounds of the hawthorn fruit. Fruits were collected from the wild growing trees in Turkey. De-seeded fruits were dried in freeze-, oven- (60 oC) and microwave pretreated oven drying (microwave application for 5 min at 360 W before drying at 60 oC) methods and analyzed for antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total phenolic content and color parameters. Total phenolic content of fresh hawthorn fruits was found as 13.36 mg g-1 DW. Oven- and microwave pretreated oven drying methods had a reductive effect on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits when compared to freeze drying method. (-)-Epicatechin (994.10 mg kg-1 DW), rutin (765.30 mg kg-1 DW), and procyanidin B2 (553.80 mg kg-1 DW) were the main phenolics of the fruit. Lowest values of these three compounds were observed in oven-dried fruits. Microwave pretreatment oven drying method resulted in browner product. Although the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity were occurred in freeze-dried sample, microwave pretreatment before oven drying could be applied to reduce the time and cost of drying in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants (Hops and Juniper Berries) and Their Antioxidant Activity

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafei Tang ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and juniper berries (Juniperus communis L.) are two important medicinal plants widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries due to their strong antioxidant capacity, which is attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The present study is conducted to comprehensively characterize polyphenols from hops and juniper berries using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) to assess their antioxidant capacity. For polyphenol estimation, total phenolic content, flavonoids and tannins were measured, while for antioxidant capacity, three different antioxidant assays including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used. Hops presented the higher phenolic content (23.11 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) which corresponded to its strong antioxidant activity as compared to the juniper berries. Using LC-ESI-QTOF/MS, a total of 148 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in juniper and hops, among which phenolic acids (including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids) and flavonoids (mainly anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavonoids) were the main polyphenols, which may contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the HPLC quantitative analysis showed that both samples had a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids. In the HPLC quantification, the predominant phenolic acids in hops and juniper berries were chlorogenic acid (16.48 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) and protocatechuic acid (11.46 ± 0.03 mg/g dw), respectively. The obtained results highlight the importance of hops and juniper berries as a rich source of functional ingredients in different food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Variety and Year Impact on Phenolic Content of Arkansas-Grown Sweetpotato Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Josue Bolanos ◽  
Sun-Ok Lee ◽  
Luke Howard ◽  
Cindi Brownmiller ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic

Abstract Objectives Sweetpotato leaf (SPL) is a natural source of phenolic compounds with potential utility as an antioxidant. The study aimed to measure the impacts of the years on SPL total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity and to identify and quantify the individual phenolic compounds. Methods Sweetpotato leaves in 2018 (27 varieties) and 2019 (24 varieties) were grinded and lyophilized. Phenolic compounds were extracted with 70% ethanol from SPLs. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Five SPL samples with statistically highest antioxidant capacity were identified and quantified by HPLC. All statistical analyses were carried out by SAS software using ANOVA. Statistical significance was accepted at P &lt; 0.05. Results The average of total phenolic contents in 2018 SPL samples was 43 ± 13 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) SPL whereas in 2019, it was 53 ± 9 mg GAE/g dry weight SPL. Antioxidant capacity in 2018 was 110 ± 75 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry weight SPL whereas in 2019, it was 132 ± 32 µmol TE/g dry weight SPL. SPL1 had the highest antioxidant potential, followed by SPL9, SPL3, SPL28, and SPL11 (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of major identified phenolics from the five SPL samples (#1, 9, 3, 28, and 11) in dry weight of SPL were: chlorogenic acid at 3.05 ± 0.35 mg/g, 5-monocaffeoylquinic acid (CQA) at 0.71 ± 0.06 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent (ChAE)/g, 4-CQA at 0.99 ± 0.07 mg ChAE/g, 3,4-diCQA at 1.22 ± 0.18 mg ChAE/g, 3,4,5-triCQA at 1.2 ± 0.18 mg ChAE/g, and 3,5-diCQA at 15.5 ± 4.05 mg ChAE/g. 3,5-diCQA, the predominant phenolic, was present in the highest amounts in SPL1. Conclusions The results showed that sweetpotato leaves collected in 2019 contained higher total phenolics and antioxidant capacity than the ones collected in 2018. Phenolic compounds have strong antioxidant activity in Arkansas-grown sweetpotato leaves. This study warrants further investigation of sweetpotato leaves to be utilized as an antioxidant. Funding Sources The work was supported by USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds from Psidium guajava (Linn.) Leaves: Effect of the Extraction-Assisted Method Upon Total Phenolics Content and Antioxidant Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9346-9357
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Guava Leaves

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the extraction method on the dry extract yield of guava leaves, correlating the total phenolic content (TPC) with the antioxidant activity. The dry extracts were obtained from hydroethanolic (50 and 70%) extract using the ultrasound-assisted method. Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was used to determine the content of TPC. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) in vitro assay was used to determine the ability to scavenge free radicals. The results analyses demonstrated that the ultrasound-assisted method produced a higher yield in both dry extracts (11%), in contrast to the conventional method. The 50% hydroethanolic solvent was more efficient in the extraction of bioactive compounds. Both extracts showed a positive correlation of phenolic content with antioxidant activity. The FTIR spectrograms showed changes in the chemical groups, as well as determining the aromaticity index of the extracts, indicating a higher aromatic prevalence to the solvent 50%, although it presented simpler phenolic structures. In conclusion, the results provide an important basis for the use of phenolic compounds extracted from guava leaves, not only due to the antioxidant activity exerted, however, for potential use as a crosslinking agent of sulfated and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG).

scholarly journals STUDI OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FENOLIK TOTAL DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI DAUN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Emil Salim ◽  
Yogi Afritunando ◽  
Nindi Antika Febriana ◽  
Mai Efdi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method

This study aims to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of mangosteen leaves in several different solvents. The antioxidant activity test of the extract was determined by the DPPH method and the total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical test of mangosteen leaves showed the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins, triterpenoids and alkaloids. The extraction results increase with increasing water content in methanol, ethanol and acetone. The highest amount of extract was obtained using 50% acetone solvent (34.98 ± 0.17%). Extraction using 100% ethanol showed the highest total phenolic content (614.25 ± 5.58 mg GAE / g extract) and the lowest IC50 value (5.81 mg / L). The results of this study indicate that the use of 50% acetone solvent can optimize the amount of extract and 100% ethanol can optimize the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of mangosteen leaves.

scholarly journals Pilot Scale Elimination of Phenolic Cellulase Inhibitors From Alkali Pretreated Wheat Straw for Improved Cellulolytic Digestibility to Fermentable Saccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram ul Haq ◽  
Ali Nawaz ◽  
Badar Liaqat ◽  
Yesra Arshad ◽  
Xingli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Saccharification Yield ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

Depleting supplies of fossil fuel, regular price hikes of gasoline and environmental deterioration have necessitated the search for economic and eco-benign alternatives of gasoline like lignocellulosic biomass. However, pre-treatment of such biomass results in development of some phenolic compounds which later hinder the depolymerisation of biomass by cellulases and seriously affect the cost effectiveness of the process. Dephenolification of biomass hydrolysate is well cited in literature. However, elimination of phenolic compounds from pretreated solid biomass is not well studied. The present study was aimed to optimize dephenoliphication of wheat straw using various alkalis i.e., Ca(OH)2 and NH3; acids i.e., H2O2, H2SO4, and H3PO4; combinations of NH3+ H3PO4 and H3PO4+ H2O2 at pilot scale to increase enzymatic saccharification yield. Among all the pretreatment strategies used, maximum reduction in phenolic content was observed as 66 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/gram Dry Weight (GAE/g DW), compared to control having 210 mg GAE/g DW using 5% (v/v) combination of NH3+H3PO4. Upon subsequent saccharification of dephenoliphied substrate, the hydrolysis yield was recorded as 46.88%. Optimized conditions such as using 1%+5% concentration of NH3+ H3PO4, for 30 min at 110°C temperature reduced total phenolic content (TPC) to 48 mg GAE/g DW. This reduction in phenolic content helped cellulases to act more proficiently on the substrate and saccharification yield of 55.06% was obtained. The findings will result in less utilization of cellulases to get increased yield of saccharides by hydrolyzing wheat straw, thus, making the process economical. Furthermore, pilot scale investigations of current study will help in upgrading the novel process to industrial scale.

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