scholarly journals Biocatalytic designs for the conversion of renewable glycerol into glycerol carbonate as a value-added product

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Tudorache ◽  
George Ghemes ◽  
Andreea Nae ◽  
Elena Matei ◽  
Ionel Mercioniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
A Value ◽  
Polymeric Layer ◽  
Cross Linker

AbstractA comparative study of two different biocatalytic models, e.g. enzyme immobilized on magnetic particles (EIMP) and cross-linking enzyme aggregates onto magnetic particles (CLEMPA) was performed. The first model was designed as enzyme-immobilized on the magnetic particles surface (EIMP). The second model was constructed as a network structure with the enzyme aggregates and magnetic particles placed into the nodes and polyglutaraldehyde cross-linker as the network ledges. The design was called cross-linking enzyme aggregates onto magnetic particles (CLEMPA). The biocatalysts were prepared using lipase enzyme from Aspergillus niger for catalyzing the glycerol (Gly) conversion to glycerol carbonate (GlyC). The biocatalyst characteristics for both designs (EIMP and CLEMPA) were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser light scattering (LLS) and UV-Vis techniques. The EIMP model was strongly influenced by the composition of the polymeric layer covering the particles surface, while the size of the magnetic particles affected mostly the CLEMPA design. Also, the biocatalytic capacity of the tested models was evaluated as maximum 52% Gly conversion with 90% GlyC selectivity for EIMP, and 73% Gly conversion with 77% GlyC selectivity for CLEMPA. Both biocatalytic models were successfully used to prepare GlyC from “crude” glycerol collected directly from the biodiesel process (e.g. 49% Gly conversion with 91% GlyC selectivity for EIMP and 70% Gly conversion with 80% GlyC selectivity for CLEMPA).

scholarly journals Effect of Operating Variables and Kinetics of the Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification of Ethylene Carbonate and Glycerol

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gutierrez-Lazaro ◽  
Daniel Velasco ◽  
Diego Boldrini ◽  
Pedro Yustos ◽  
Jesus Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus Lipase ◽  
A Value ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

Glycerol carbonate (GC) is a value-added product originating from the valorization of widely available glycerol (Gly), a side stream from the production of biodiesel. Here we approach the production of this chemical comparing two reactions based on the transesterification of Gly with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene carbonate (EC). When using DMC, it was observed that the free enzyme CALB (lipase B from Candida antarctica) gave the best results, whereas Eversa Transform (a genetic modification of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase) performed better than the rest if EC was the reagent. With the selected catalysts, their immobilized analogous enzymes Novozym 435 and Lypozyme TL IM, respectively, were also tested. Observing that the yields for the reaction with EC were significantly faster, other operating variables were evaluated, resulting the best performance using a closed system, tert-butanol as solvent, a concentration of enzyme Eversa Transform of 3% w/w, a molar excess of EC:Gly of 9:1 and a temperature of 60 °C. Finally, several runs were conducted at different temperatures and molar ratios of EC:Gly, fitting a kinetic model to all experimental data for the reaction catalyzed with Eversa Transform. This model included the bimolecular transesterification reaction of Gly and EC catalyzed by the lipase and a reversible ring-opening polymerization of EC.

scholarly journals Crude Glycerol for Monoolein Production using Nanotubes Supported Lipase

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Nur Artikah Muhammad Shahrin ◽  
Noor Aziah Serri ◽  
Noor Hana Hanif Abu Bakar ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Free Lipase

A growing demand for biofuels as the alternative for fossil fuels’ extinction has produced abundance amount of crude glycerol as by-product in biofuel industries. Utilization of crude glycerol into a value-added product such as monoolein has been the focus for this present work. Instead of using free catalyst, the enzyme (lipase) used for this study was immobilized onto the halloysite nanotubes. The immobilized enzyme was characterized using TEM, BET and FTIR analysis. Further, the effect of time, temperature, agitation rate, and substrate molar ratio on monoolein production and fatty acid conversion were studied between free lipase and immobilized lipase using GC analysis. The best working conditions for immobilized lipase to produce monoolein was at 50oC, with 8 to 1 ratio of glycerol to oleic acid, agitated at 250 rpm for 18h. The amount of monoolein produced using immobilized lipase was highly comparable with free lipase, with ability to be reused and thermally stable at higher temperature. 

Novel CO2-Thermic Oxidation Process with Mg-Based Intermetallic Compounds and Its Application to Energy Storage Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghwan Cha ◽  
Jung-In Lee ◽  
Panpan Dong ◽  
Xiahui Zhang ◽  
Min-Kyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
A Value ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Novel Strategy

A novel strategy for the oxidation of Mg-based intermetallic compounds using CO<sub>2</sub> as an oxidizing agent was realized via simple thermal treatment, called ‘CO2-thermic Oxidation Process (CO-OP)’. Furthermore, as a value-added application, electrochemical properties of one of the reaction products (carbon-coated macroporous silicon) was evaluated. Considering the facile tunability of the chemical/physical properties of Mg-based intermetallics, we believe that this route can provide a simple and versatile platform for functional energy materials synthesis as well as CO<sub>2</sub> chemical utilization in an environment-friendly and sustainable way.

scholarly journals How to Improve Physico-Chemical Properties of Silk Fibroin Materials for Biomedical Applications?—Blending and Cross-Linking of Silk Fibroin—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska ◽  
Alina Sionkowska
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
To Receive

This review supplies a report on fresh advances in the field of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer and its blends with biopolymers as new biomaterials. The review also includes a subsection about silk fibroin mixtures with synthetic polymers. Silk fibroin is commonly used to receive biomaterials. However, the materials based on pure polymer present low mechanical parameters, and high enzymatic degradation rate. These properties can be problematic for tissue engineering applications. An increased interest in two- and three-component mixtures and chemically cross-linked materials has been observed due to their improved physico-chemical properties. These materials can be attractive and desirable for both academic, and, industrial attention because they expose improvements in properties required in the biomedical field. The structure, forms, methods of preparation, and some physico-chemical properties of silk fibroin are discussed in this review. Detailed examples are also given from scientific reports and practical experiments. The most common biopolymers: collagen (Coll), chitosan (CTS), alginate (AL), and hyaluronic acid (HA) are discussed as components of silk fibroin-based mixtures. Examples of binary and ternary mixtures, composites with the addition of magnetic particles, hydroxyapatite or titanium dioxide are also included and given. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical, physical, and enzymatic cross-linking were demonstrated.

An insight into an electro-catalytic reactor concept for high value-added production from crude glycerol: Optimization, electrode passivation, product distribution, and reaction pathway identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Ali Khosravanipour Mostafazadeh ◽  
Maria Samantha De La Torre ◽  
Yessika Padilla ◽  
Patrick Drogui ◽  
Satinder Kaur Brar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Electrode Passivation ◽  
Insight Into
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