scholarly journals The comparison of cultures, widal agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool in typhoid fever

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Devrim ◽  
Koray Ergünay ◽  
Ates Kara ◽  
Hasan Tezer ◽  
Inci Yiğitkanl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTyphoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi, paratyphi A and B, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. A rapid and sensitive method for the detection of S. typhi is essential for early diagnosis of typhoid fever and effective therapy. In this study 45 febrile patients who were suspected to have enteric fever were enrolled, and the results of blood cultures, widal agglutination tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction in these cases were evaluated. Group I consisted of 11 patients with diseases other than salmonella infections, group II represented 6 patients with positive cultures, and group III represented 28 patients with negative blood cultures negative but who were clinically suspected cases that had a medical history of using variable antimicrobial agents. Two positive PCR results were present; one of them was in culture positive group (16,6%) and the other was in culture negative group (3,5%). In our study widal agglutination tests and cultures were found not to be helpful in differential dignosis. Although PCR based detection of S. typhi is reported to be a sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of enteric fever, in our study the benefit of this method in the diagnosis of especially patients who were treated with antimicrobial therapy was not clearly determined. Other methods to increase sensitiviy and specificity to levels such as those of real time PCR should be developed and large-scaled studies should be done in endemic and non-epidemic regions.

The Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Indentifying Periodontopathogenic Bacteria - therapeutic Implications in Periodontal Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Luminita Lazar ◽  
Cristina Ioana Bica ◽  
Krisztina Martha ◽  
Mariana Pacurar ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Group I ◽  
Periodontopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows a high specificity and allows us to identify pathogenic periodontal bacteria. We chose 45 patients wich were divided into three groups with various types of treatment: (I) - SRP; (II) - SRP, followed by topical application of antiseptics (SRP + local); (III) - SRP followed by systemic administration of antimicrobial agents (SRP + systemic). We collected samples from the initial time (TO) and one month after the treatment (T1) for each patient. For the microbiological assessment of periodontal therapy, we analyzed 90 subgingival plaque samples using PCR technique which provides qualitative data on five periodontopathogenic bacteria species: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, T.forsythia, and T.denticola. The treatment was followed by a qualitative change of the bacteria detected previously in a different ratio depending on the treatment. We found the inefficiency of mechanical treatment regarding the reduction of periodontal bacteria in patients belonging to group I, an improvement in the results of group II, while the treatment in group III proved to be the most effective . In patients detected A.a+ and/ or P.g+ a systemic antibiotic treatment is required because these periodontal bacteria penetrate the tissue and mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity.

Diagnostic Value of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Sepsis in Pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Galeb ◽  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Raghdaa Shrief ◽  
Rasha Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Anies
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Proper identification of the causative organism in pediatric sepsis is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of septic shock and organ failure. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures for these pathogens isolated from children, with hospital-acquired sepsis compared to the conventional biochemical reactions for identification of these organisms. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 100 isolates from pediatric blood cultures, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The study also included 100 isolates of Escherichia coli as a negative control. All isolates were identified by API 20NE and the multiplex PCR, with primers specific to the 3 tested bacteria. Results: Multiplex PCR was positive in 96% of isolates, and 4 isolates had negative results. False positive results were reported with three E. coli strains. Multiplex PCR identified all the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 29 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 27 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Compared to the biochemical identification, the diagnostic value of the multiplex PCR revealed 96.04% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, 97.00%, positive predictive value, 96.00% negative predictive value, and 96.50% accuracy. Conclusion: The present study highlights the diagnostic value of multiplex PCR to identify Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from positive blood cultures. Multiplex PCR was sensitive, specific, and accurate. The accuracy differs according to the organisms, with 100% accuracy for Acinetobacter baumannii.

scholarly journals Occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Paneto ◽  
R.P. Schocken-Iturrino ◽  
C. Macedo ◽  
E. Santo ◽  
J.M. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

The occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese was surveyed in Middle Western Brazil. Fifty samples of cheese from different supermarkets were analyzed for E.coli. The isolates were serotyped and screened for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. E.coli were recovered from 48 (96.0%) of the samples. The serogroups identified were O125 (6.0%), O111 (4.0%), O55 (2.0%) and O119 (2.0%). Three (6.0%) and 1(2.0%) of the E.coli isolates were VTEC and ETEC, respectively. Most frequent resistance was observed to the following antimicrobials: cephalothin (60.0%), nalidixic acid (40.0%), doxycyclin (33.0%), tetracycline (31.0%) and ampicillin (29.0%).

Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Roussan ◽  
I. Shaheen ◽  
G. Khawaldeh ◽  
W. Totanji ◽  
R. Al-Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Avian Nephritis Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocksEnteric diseases cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenovirus type 1 have been reported as a significant cause of intestinal symptoms in poultry. In the present study, intestinal samples from 70 commercial broiler chicken flocks were examined for the presence of astroviruses, rotavirus, and reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and for the presence of group I adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. Astroviruses were identified in 38.6% of samples tested. Both avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus were identified in the astrovirus positive flocks, where 74.1% of these flocks were positive for only one type of astrovirus, whereas, 25.9% of these flocks were positive for both types of astrovirus. Reoviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses were identified in 21.4, 18.6, and 14.3% of these flocks, respectively. Concomitant infection with two or more viruses in the same flock were also prominent, where 5.7, 5.7, 2.9, 2.9, 1.4, and 1.4% of these flocks were positive with both astrovirus and rotavirus; astrovirus and adenovirus; astrovirus and reovirus; rotavirus and adenovirus; rotavirus and reovirus; and reovirus and adenovirus respectively. Moreover, 4.3 and 2.7% of these flocks were positive for astrovirus, reovirus, and adenovirus; and astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, respectively. Further studies will focus on identifying specific viral factors or subtypes/subgroups associated with disease through pathogenesis studies, economic losses caused by infections and co-infections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures.

scholarly journals Polymerase Chain Reaction-And Rna Hybridization-Based Method for the Investigation of Deep-Seated Candidiasis

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R Couroux ◽  
Zafar Hussain ◽  
Frank Rutledge ◽  
Robert Lannigan ◽  
Edward D Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Hybridization Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RNA hybridization method for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis and to compare its sensitivity with blood cultures.DESIGN: Blood cultures and a blood sample for PCR were taken from patients with suspected invasive candidiasis. A 105 base pair conserved segment within the rDNA ofCandidaspecies was amplified. The amplicon was detected by hybridization and gel electrophoresis.SETTING: Intensive care units of two tertiary care hospitals.PATIENTS: One hundred and eighteen patients 16 years of age or older with four more risk factors for invasive candidiasis were enrolled. Present or recent past treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, cancer chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs, granulocytopenia or granulocytosis, intravascular catheterization, tracheal intubation, recent abdominal surgery and parenteral nutrition were considered risk factors.RESULTS: Forty-three patients had invasive candidiasis. PCR detected infections in 28 and 26 patients (sensitivity 65.1% and 60.4%) by hybridization and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The sensitivity of blood cultures was 58.1%. Of 25 patients with positive blood cultures, 17 were positive by PCR with the hybridization method. Eleven patients with invasive candidiasis had negative blood cultures but were positive by PCR.CONCLUSION: PCR, especially with a hybridization detection method, is more sensitive than blood culture for invasive candidiasis and may facilitate the diagnosis of nonfungemic disease.

Microbiological Diagnosis of Sepsis: Polymerase Chain Reaction System Versus Blood Cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Suberviola ◽  
A. Marquez-Lopez ◽  
A. Castellanos-Ortega ◽  
C. Fernandez-Mazarrasa ◽  
M. Santibanez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction System ◽  
System Versus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Comparison of results obtained by widal agglutination test & polymerase chain reaction among clinically suspected typhoid fever cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Shafinaz Khan ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Shammin Haque ◽  
Chowdhury Rafia Naheen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Prior Antibiotic Treatment

The diagnosis of typhoid fever currently depends on isolation of Salmonella Typhi from blood. The sensitivity of blood culture is very low due to prior antibiotic treatment which is a common practice in Bangladesh. The sensitivity of blood culture also decreases at later stage of the disease. Widal test is the most utilized test in Bangladesh next to blood culture because it is inexpensive, less invasive. But the result of the test is controversial due to false negative & false positive results in some cases.  In this study, a recently introduced polymerase chain reaction-based technique (which has 100% specificity for S. Typhi) was compared with widal test among 80 clinically suspected typhoid fever cases.  Among 80 cases, the respective figures of positivity for PCR & widal test were 70% & 43.75% respectively.  It can be concluded that PCR based technique is more sensitive & much superior to widal for diagnosis of typhoid fever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v30i2.22683 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 30(2): 46-50

Use of blood cultures in critically ill patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Henker
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Timely Treatment

Infection, bacteremia, and sepsis are frequent complications in critically ill patients. Ideally, the infectious agent is readily identified to facilitate timely treatment to promote the patient's recovery. Use of blood cultures is one method of identifying the pathogen. Fever is the primary indicator for obtaining blood samples for culture, but other indicators may be considered, depending on the patient's medical history and condition. Use of appropriate techniques when collecting blood samples for culture will decrease contamination and improve the likelihood of identification of the infectious agent. One new technique being tested for the identification of pathogens that cause bacteremia involves genetic technology and the polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase chain reaction is used to identify the DNA of bacteria that are present in the blood. Blood cultures may not always result in identification of the pathogen because the organism may not grow once placed in culture medium. This new method that uses the polymerase chain reaction may be more sensitive than blood cultures because it requires only DNA from bacteria. Although early studies have not been conclusive in terms of the benefits of this new technology, additional research will improve methods for identification of pathogens in critically ill patients.

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