Analysis of the potential evapotranspiration demands in the Czech Republic between 1961–1990

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pivec ◽  
Václav Brant ◽  
Dalibor Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cylindrical Projection ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Many

AbstractDynamics of the evapotranspirational demands in the Czech Republic within three decades from 1961 to 1990 has been studied. The determination of the levels of influence of the respective natural components depends on the regionalized modelling techniques. The project of regionalized modelling is theoretically based on the potential evapotranspiration values (ET 0) calculated by FAO methodology (eqs. 1, 2) and the series of temperature and rainfall observations obtained by climatologic stations during a 30-year period from 1961 to 1990 and its relation to the absolute altimetric. The DMR-2 military digital elevation model of the Czech Republic relief consisting of a regular network of points with their altitudes specified in meters was used for the purpose of regionalized modelling. One step of the network in the S-42 coordinate system with the Gauss conforms cylindrical projection is equal to 100 meters; this implies that the smallest area for which the data can be processed is 1 hectare. The digital relief model can be linked to both direct (temperature, precipitation) and derived (evapotranspiration) quantities, which is one of the many novelties of regionalized modelling. The climatic data used in regionalized modelling records daily measurements were obtained by 85 climatologic and rainfall-monitoring stations from 1961 to 1990. Our results showed an appreciable decrease of the most drying area (ratio P/ET0 up to 0.755) in the last decade 1981–90; half as less amounts compared with the previous decade 1971–80 (about 500,000 hectares). On the other hand, an apparent increase (more than 500,000 hectares in comparison with the previous decade 1971–80) of the wettest area (ratio P/ET0 over 1.508) through the last decade was observed. Both first decades 1961–70 and 1971–80 look similar. The project mentioned in this article has made it possible to create models for the different time intervals which have showed higher reliability for heterogeneous application.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN RELIEF ROUGHNESS ON DEM ACCURACY GENERATED FROM LIDAR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC TERRITORY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hubacek ◽  
V. Kovarik ◽  
V. Kratochvil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Check Points ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Dem Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital elevation models are today a common part of geographic information systems and derived applications. The way of their creation is varied. It depends on the extent of area, required accuracy, delivery time, financial resources and technologies available. The first model covering the whole territory of the Czech Republic was created already in the early 1980's. Currently, the 5th DEM generation is being finished. Data collection for this model was realized using the airborne laser scanning which allowed creating the DEM of a new generation having the precision up to a decimetre. Model of such a precision expands the possibilities of employing the DEM and it also offers new opportunities for the use of elevation data especially in a domain of modelling the phenomena dependent on highly accurate data. The examples are precise modelling of hydrological phenomena, studying micro-relief objects, modelling the vehicle movement, detecting and describing historical changes of a landscape, designing constructions etc. <br><br> Due to a nature of the technology used for collecting data and generating DEM, it is assumed that the resulting model achieves lower accuracy in areas covered by vegetation and in built-up areas. Therefore the verification of model accuracy was carried out in five selected areas in Moravia. The network of check points was established using a total station in each area. To determine the reference heights of check points, the known geodetic points whose heights were defined using levelling were used. Up to several thousands of points were surveyed in each area. Individual points were selected according to a different configuration of relief, different surface types, and different vegetation coverage. The sets of deviations were obtained by comparing the DEM 5G heights with reference heights which was followed by verification of tested elevation model. Results of the analysis showed that the model reaches generally higher precision than the declared one in majority of areas. This applies in particular to areas covered by vegetation. By contrast, the larger deviations occurred in relation to the slope of the terrain, in particular in the micro-relief objects. The results are presented in this article.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN RELIEF ROUGHNESS ON DEM ACCURACY GENERATED FROM LIDAR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC TERRITORY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hubacek ◽  
V. Kovarik ◽  
V. Kratochvil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Check Points ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Dem Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model

Digital elevation models are today a common part of geographic information systems and derived applications. The way of their creation is varied. It depends on the extent of area, required accuracy, delivery time, financial resources and technologies available. The first model covering the whole territory of the Czech Republic was created already in the early 1980's. Currently, the 5th DEM generation is being finished. Data collection for this model was realized using the airborne laser scanning which allowed creating the DEM of a new generation having the precision up to a decimetre. Model of such a precision expands the possibilities of employing the DEM and it also offers new opportunities for the use of elevation data especially in a domain of modelling the phenomena dependent on highly accurate data. The examples are precise modelling of hydrological phenomena, studying micro-relief objects, modelling the vehicle movement, detecting and describing historical changes of a landscape, designing constructions etc. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Due to a nature of the technology used for collecting data and generating DEM, it is assumed that the resulting model achieves lower accuracy in areas covered by vegetation and in built-up areas. Therefore the verification of model accuracy was carried out in five selected areas in Moravia. The network of check points was established using a total station in each area. To determine the reference heights of check points, the known geodetic points whose heights were defined using levelling were used. Up to several thousands of points were surveyed in each area. Individual points were selected according to a different configuration of relief, different surface types, and different vegetation coverage. The sets of deviations were obtained by comparing the DEM 5G heights with reference heights which was followed by verification of tested elevation model. Results of the analysis showed that the model reaches generally higher precision than the declared one in majority of areas. This applies in particular to areas covered by vegetation. By contrast, the larger deviations occurred in relation to the slope of the terrain, in particular in the micro-relief objects. The results are presented in this article.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aridity Index in the Czech Republic within 1961–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Hájková ◽  
Lenka Bartošová ◽  
Věra Kožnarová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The Czech Republic

Drought (similarly as flooding) is considerably the gravest agrometeorological extreme connected with climate change and bringing the highest losses in an agricultural production. The objective of this paper is to study the spatial and temporal variability of the Aridity Index (AI) in the Czech Republic, per decade, during the 55‑year period (1961–2015). AI is a climatic index, which is important for recording of the drought phenomenon evolution. The climatic data used, include monthly precipitation totals and air temperature from 120 meteorological stations operated by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The potential evapotranspiration was calculated based on the modified algorithm Penman‑Monteith. The data processing was done by the statistical tools of Microsoft Excel and the Geographical Information Systems (Clidata GIS, ArcGIS 10). The results of the analysis showed, that during the decade 1961–1970, almost the whole area of the Czech Republic is classified as “wet” with AI values ranging above 0.60, but over the next years (1971–2015), areas of the south Moravia (e.g. Dyjsko‑svratecký ravine, Valticko‑lednický area, surroundings of Brno city), and also Prague city and Poohří river basin shifted gradually to “sub‑humid” climate zone with AI < = 0.60. Especially, during the pre‑last decade of the study period 1991–2000.

Two primitive trematopid amphibians (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. MILNER
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Terminal Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nasal Region ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTSpecimens of trematopid amphibians from the Asturian (Upper Carboniferous) of Nýřany, Czech Republic, are redescribed as two taxa, namely Mordex calliprepes Steen and Mattauschia (gen. nov) laticeps Fritsch. Mordex calliprepes is represented by a single post-metamorphic specimen and has the diagnostic trematopid characters of the nasal region. Mattauschia laticeps is represented by one adult partial skull and mandible plus some fragments and two small post-metamorphic specimens including the species name-bearer. It has the trematopid-type modified lacrimal and a large but oval naris and appears to be the most primitive trematopid yet described. The stratigraphically sequential large trematopids Mattauschia, Fedexia, Ecolsonia and Acheloma show progressive acquisition of the derived features that characterise the terminal form Acheloma.Mordex has a combination of primitive and derived characters and its position within the family is less clear. The many ‘branchiosaurs' in the Nýřany assemblage include specimens that could be larvae of both Mordex and Mattauschia but certain attribution is not possible and they are assigned to Olsoniformes incertae sedis. Mordex and Mattauschia appear to be terrestrial exotic elements in the Nýřany tetrapod assemblage, but with possible larvae in the lake assemblage. Representatives of at least four Palaeozoic dissorophoid families were present in late Middle Pennsylvanian/Asturian strata implying diversification of the Dissorophoidea prior to this time.

scholarly journals Topographic Exposure and its Practical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Mikita ◽  
Martin Klimánek
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Elevation Model

Topographic Exposure and its Practical ApplicationsTopographic exposure is a topographic characteristic representing a degree of protection by a surrounding topography of a certain site. Detailed knowledge of topographic exposure has broad use in a number of applications ranging from studying forest wind damage through research on snow storage dynamics to optimisation in positioning wind power stations. This paper describes a method for creation of topographic exposure on the basis of a digital elevation model (DEM) using GIS. In combination with other climatic data on wind direction and speed, this factor is used to define the degree of terrain ventilation. Low terrain ventilation has, among other things, a significant influence on the creation of valley inversions and related vegetation zoning inversions. By combining the degree of terrain ventilation with DEM and forest vegetation zones in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny, a clear relationship between the influence of topographic exposure, or terrain ventilation, and the creation of the vegetation zoning inversion was determined.

scholarly journals Modelling Snowmelt Runoff from Tropical Andean Glaciers under Climate Change Scenarios in the Santa River Sub-Basin (Peru)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Elmer Calizaya ◽  
Abel Mejía ◽  
Elgar Barboza ◽  
Fredy Calizaya ◽  
Fernando Corroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Andean Glaciers ◽  
Elevation Model

Effects of climate change have led to a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature across several areas of the world. This has resulted in a sharp decline of glaciers and an increase in surface runoff in watersheds due to snowmelt. This situation requires a better understanding to improve the management of water resources in settled areas downstream of glaciers. In this study, the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) was applied in combination with snow-covered area information (SCA), precipitation, and temperature climatic data to model snowmelt runoff in the Santa River sub-basin (Peru). The procedure consisted of calibrating and validating the SRM model for 2005–2009 using the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM), observed temperature, precipitation and SAC data. Then, the SRM was applied to project future runoff in the sub-basin under the climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. SRM patterns show consistent results; runoff decreases in the summer months and increases the rest of the year. The runoff projection under climate change scenarios shows a substantial increase from January to May, reporting the highest increases in March and April, and the lowest records from June to August. The SRM demonstrated consistent projections for the simulation of historical flows in tropical Andean glaciers.

scholarly journals Quality parameters of digital aerial survey and airborne laser scanning covering the entire area of the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Šíma
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
The University

The paper illustrates the development of digital aerial survey and digital elevation models covering the entire area of the Czech Republic at the beginning of 21st century. It also presents some results of systematic investigation of their quality parameters reached by the author in cooperation with Department of Geomatics at the Faculty of Applied Sciences of the University of Western Bohemia in Pilsen and the Land Survey Office.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI ENERGI TERBARUKAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO DI MANOKWARI SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Elias Kondorura Bawan ◽  
Antonius D. Palintin ◽  
Eric A. Patandianan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
System Development ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis potensi energi listrik di kabupaten Manokwari Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2019 di Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan pada tiga Distrik. Survei geologi dilakukan dengan pendekatan geologi regional Lembar Ransiki. Untuk analisis hidrologi dan kemiringan lereng dilakukan dengan menggunakan citra satelit, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dan Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) dan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) serta pengukuran di lapangan untuk penentuan debit lapangan. Kondisi hidrologi yang menjadi kajian meliputi potensi debit dan curah hujan. Perhitungan debit air pada DAS menggunakan metode FJ. Mock. Data evapotranspirasi potensial dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Pennman Modifikasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa debit andalan pada sungai Susmorof mencapai 1500 L/dt masing-masing untuk kepentingan pengembangan sistem. Total potensi PLTMH di dua lokasi yang dikaji adalah sebesar 30,4 kW di sungai Bengko kampung Sihu dan 73,4 kW. Untuk pengembangan PLTMH di Kampung Susmorof hal ini penting untuk ditindaklanjuti pada tahapan studi kelayakan dan penyusunan perencanaan detail desain.THE ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF MICROHYDRO POWER PLANT IN SOUTH MANOKWARIThe purpose of this study was to analyze the potency of electrical energy in South Manokwari district. The research was conducted in July 2019 in South Manokwari Regency in three districts. The geological survey was carried out using the Ransiki Sheet regional geological approach. For hydrological and slope analysis, satellite imagery, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Indonesian Earth Map (RBI) and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications as well as measurements in the field were used to determine field discharge. The hydrological conditions under study include the potential for discharge and rainfall. Calculation of water discharge in the watershed uses the FJ Mock method. Potential evapotranspiration data were calculated using the Modified Pennman method. This study shows that the mainstay discharge in the Susmorof river reaches 1500 L/s each for the purpose of system development. The total potential for MHP in the two locations studied are 30.4 kW in the Bengko river, Sihu village and 73.4 kW. For the development of MHP in Susmorof Village, this is important to be followed up at the stage of feasibility studies and preparation of detailed design planning.   

Testing and Optimization of Production of Technical Foam for the Production of Cement Foam

2018 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Karel Mikulica ◽  
Dušan Dolák
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
The Many

In the current construction industry, great importance is given to the usage of thermally insulating building materials. One of the many such materials can be a cement foam or foam concrete, a mixture of cement mortar and technical foam. This material can be, due to its consistency right after mixing, applied to uneven horizontal surfaces where usage of conventional thermal board insulation materials would be complicated. This paper discusses the methodology of testing of the physical and mechanical properties of foaming additives such as strength, density, foaming number and half-separability of technical foams. Then this methodology was subsequently verified on the five commonly used foaming additives in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Smart method of agricultural drought regionalization: A winter wheat case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Hana Středová ◽  
Filip Chuchma ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Jaroslav Rožnovský
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
The Czech Republic

Abstract The occurrence of drought during flowering (usually from the end of May to the beginning of June) is the most hazardous timing in terms of the possible negative impact of agricultural drought on winter wheat, which is the most cultivated crop in the Czech Republic (about 800000 ha). Lack of water, often accompanied by high temperatures, negatively affects the number of grains in the wheat ear and the tissue development of the developing grain, with consequent impacts on yield and quality of product. With the use of a) long-term time series of agrometeorological data (1961–2010), b) long-term phenological time series of winter wheat (1981–2010), and c) soil conditions data (available water capacity of soils of the Czech Republic) for the arable soil, the ratio of actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration for the period of 1961–2010, used as an indicator of agricultural drought (lack of water) for wheat, was calculated. The innovative aspect of this categorization of the territory of the Czech Republic according to the risk of occurrence of agricultural drought for winter wheat is considering drought from the aspect of the plant, i.e., evaluation based on the actual consumption of water by the vegetation. This is a very sophisticated procedure. Frequently, water content in soils data, presented as an output of some models, do not fully indicate the possible negative impacts on yield generation because the plants themselves are typically not considered. The method used in this study is universally applicable and allows comparisons of regions at the local, regional, and supra-regional levels. For estimation of the development of agronomic drought in the future, the basic water balances in the growing seasons of 1961–2010 and 2071–2100 were compared using a climate scenario. The forecast indicates a significant deterioration of agricultural drought in the region with probable direct impacts on agricultural production.

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