Corruption and anti-corruption local discourses and international practices in post-socialist Romania

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Zerilli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Nation States ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
New Research ◽  
Local Discourses ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractIn the past two decades academic and research literature on “corruption” has flourished. During the same period organizations and initiatives fighting against corruption have also significantly expanded, turning “anti-corruption” into a new research subject. However, despite a few exceptions there is a division of labor between scholars who study corruption itself and those who study the global anti-corruption industry. Juxtaposing corruption’s local discourses and anti-corruption international practices, this article is an attempt to bring together these two intertwined research dimensions and explore how an ethnographic approach might contribute to framing them together. Firstly, it describes how corruption in Romania is often conceptualized and explained in terms of national heritage, something related to old and recent cultural history, including traditional folklore. Secondly, it explores how anti-corruption works in practice, focusing on international legal cooperation projects monitoring the progress and shortcomings both prior to and post Romania’s accession to the European Union. Finally, revealing the articulations of these two apparently unrelated research fields, the article argues that corruption’s local explanations and the circular logic of auditing observed within the anti-corruption industry share a common developmental ideology mirroring the crypto-colonialist structure of power relations and dependency among European nation-states emerging out of the Cold War.

Analysis of Aluminium Beam-to-Column Joints by the Component Method: Existing Studies and Research Needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco De Matteis ◽  
Giuseppe Brando
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Component Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
New Research ◽  
Steel Joints

This paper aims at providing an overview on the current state of the art and on possible future developments concerning the component method implementation for the classification of beam-to-column joints belonging to aluminum moment resisting frames.After a brief discussion on the component method theoretical bases, developed in the past to give a feasible calculation procedure for steel joints, recent experimental and numerical studies, carried out for investigating some aluminum components, are presented and discussed. In particular strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge are put into evidence, also in light of the peculiarities that make aluminum alloys different from steel. The launch of new research fields, aimed at pursuing an update of the current codes dealing with aluminum structures, is therefore proposed.

Geopolitics of a Divided Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Two Sides

Europe is again a divided continent. When it comes to governance, political economy, or values, two contrasting poles have emerged: one Western, liberal, and democratic, another Eastern, statist, and autocratic. The dividing line between them has become ever sharper, threatening to separate Europe into two distinct worlds. This new divide in Europe arises from a clash between two geopolitical concepts for the continent: One is the Western project of a “Europe whole and free,” an enlarging zone of economic cooperation, political interdependency, and democratic values. The other is the Russian project of a “Eurasian Union” to rival the European Union. This article shows how these two sides of Europe have grown further apart in their conceptions of the European space, their values, governance, and economic models. It explores the reasons for the belated Western responses to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s program to divide Europe. The Russo-Georgian war was a turning point, but the West took a long time to recognize the full implications of Putin’s policy. The current confrontation between Russia and the West is not exactly like the Cold War. Russia’s position is weaker. And the battle will be fought out primarily with economic instruments. However, it is clear that this conflict places Central and Eastern Europe back on the front lines of a divided Europe, raising any number of demons from the past.

Physics of Gauge Fields in Quantum Nanosciences

SPIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050018
Author(s):  
Seng Ghee Tan ◽  
Mansoor B. A. Jalil ◽  
Ching-Ray Chang ◽  
Shuichi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Momentum Space ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

We review the formulation of gauge fields in terms of the frame of reference as well as the space in which the frame is defined. We highlighted some recent applications of gauge physics in the momentum space — in the modern fields of the spin Hall effect, the magnon Hall, the optical Magnus and the graphene valley Hall. General procedures of gauge transformation which lead to the construction of the gauge curvature and the equations of motion (EOM) are outlined. Central to this review is our intention to illustrate the impact of gauge physics on the past and future development of many new research fields emerging out of condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum nanosciences and nanoelectronics.

Can We Conclude an Arctic Treaty? – Historical Windows of Opportunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-425
Author(s):  
Timo Koivurova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Economic Globalisation

This article examines moments of opportunity when non-governmental organisations (NGOS), inter-governmental organisations (IGOS), the European Union or nation-states have shown interest in discussing or commissioning studies on a comprehensive Arctic Treaty as a way to govern the region.These ‘windows of opportunity’ moments will be studied chronologically, starting from the end of the Cold War and progressing to the present day. It is also interesting to examine these proposals and their positioning against the current landscape of Arctic and global governance. The article will then examine how the region’s nation-states and other actors have actually opted to meet the challenges of this intensely transforming region, asking whether the states or other authoritative actors have been in favour of a comprehensive Arctic Treaty or if they have preferred to adopt some other solutions in respect to Arctic policy and law. Finally, it is of interest to examine the possible ways forward in governing a region that is undergoing dramatic transformation due to climate change and economic globalisation.

scholarly journals Trends in global research on sanitation: A 30-year perspective from 1990 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Mi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
New Research

In the past three decades, the field of sanitation has attracted much academic attention, and a large volume of relevant research results have emerged. In order to explore the characteristics and trends of global sanitation research literature, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis of 9559 articles published between 1990–2019 and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. With the rapid increase in the number of related publications, both the breadth and depth of sanitation studies have increased significantly in the 21st century. In terms of multiple criteria, the comprehensive research strength of developed countries is greater than that of developing countries. The field is highly interdisciplinary, meaning that collaborations between research institutions are increasing. Keyword clustering analysis shows that the main research topics in the domain of sanitation are: (a) drinking water; (b) sustainability; (c) biofilm; (d) epidemiology; and (e) WaSH (i.e. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene). Meanwhile, keyword bursts analysis showed that the new research hotspots and frontiers mainly concentrated on: (a) sustainable development of sanitation services adapting to climate change; (b) main determinants affecting child malnutrition; (c) research based on global and multinational data; and (d) evaluations on various aspects of performance. This paper provides a better understanding of sanitation research trends that have emerged over the past 30 years, and can serve as a reference for future research.

The integration of immigrants within the framework of the European Union: the field, the stakeholders, the strategies

1970 ◽  
pp. 247-274
Author(s):  
Luca Sebastiani
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Way

Over the past decade the European Union has witnessed a process of increasing discursive production, as well as the development of soft policy tools around the concept of integration —thus occupying a political space which had been previously an exclusive domain of nation states. This paper focuses on the most significant moments of the aforementioned process, dealing with the most influential stakeholders involved in it and with their different perspectives, standpoints and strategies. By adopting a qualitative perspective and a deconstructive approach, it shows the way in which the currently hegemonic concept of integration is closely conditioned by a «Home Affairs approach» and linked to immigration-control policies. Far from being the necessary outcome of a predetermined dynamics, this situation is rather the overall result of the «moves» made by situated actors. 

The phantom Mausoleum: Contemporary local heritages of a wonder of the ancient world in Bodrum, Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 146960532199045
Author(s):  
Troels Myrup Kristensen ◽  
Vinnie Nørskov ◽  
Gönül Bozoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Local Discourses ◽  
Ambiguous Position ◽  
Previous Scholarship

The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum, Turkey) is one of the wonders of the ancient world, although little remains above ground to give visitors a sense of its original grandeur. While previous scholarship has studied the Mausoleum’s place within the canon of classical Greek art, this paper identifies specifically local perceptions of the monument through interviews with residents of Bodrum, exploring how different images, values and futures are projected onto the archaeological site, in conversation with both national and local discourses of the past. The responses of local inhabitants, living in an Aegean town dramatically transformed by mass tourism, urbanisation and migration, encompass being underwhelmed, pragmatically interested in the monument’s economic potential, or proud of its status, fuelled by the local discourses of “Blue Anatolianism” and “Karianism”. We argue that these influential discourses allow different heritage actors to turn the Mausoleum into a specific kind of locally rooted “heritage capital” and to negotiate a distinctive identity for the monument’s otherwise ambiguous position within the landscape of Turkish national heritage.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
David L. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The world after 1989 was not necessarily less likely to suffer cataclysmic destruction; however, the imagination of that destruction had moved to new hopes and fears. These new sites of imagination were not only filtered through and generated from the half century of nuclearity that had preceded them; they dwelt in its physical and fictional ruins. Far from receding into the past along with the Cold War that birthed it, the affordances of nuclear apocalypse have proliferated in the new millennium. And as their atomic origins continue to mutate, the process appears less as novelty or aberration than as an everyday matter of course. Dwelling in a permanently bunkered and postapocalyptic condition affords several insights that clinging to the fantasy of a preapocalyptic way of life surviving under the nuclear condition does not afford. Recognized as ontological, the bunker fantasy ceases to operate exclusively as a powerful tool for legitimating surveillance, separation barriers, and enclosure in the name of enhanced security. It can also help to understand the spatio-cultural history of the security imaginary that makes these measures welcome to some, tolerable to some, and abhorrent to others. It enables us to recognize apocalypse not solely as the cataclysmic, unique, and always deferred rupture in time that a nuclear war surely would be, but as an ongoing historical condition always affecting a certain—and substantial—number of individuals and groups within unequal societies, affecting them unequally, and affecting them in intersecting but not always commensurate ways.

The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Societal Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Historical Phenomenon

Political, social, and economic transformation is a complex historical phenomenon. It can be adequately analysed only by a multidisciplinary approach. This Handbook brings together an international team of scholars who are specialists in their respective research fields. They introduce the most important areas, theories, and methods in transformation research. Most attention is placed on the historical and comparative dimension. Although focusing on postcommunist and other democratic transformations in our epoch, the Handbook therefore presents and discusses not only their problems, paths, and developments, it also deals with the antecedent ‘waves’, beginning with the Meiji Restoration in Japan in 1868 and its aftermath. The book is structured into six layers. Starting with basic concepts as systems, actors, and institutions (Section I), it then gives an overview of the major theoretical approaches and research methods (Sections II, III). The connection of theory and method with their application is essential. It allows special insights into the past and opens analytical avenues for transformation research in the future. Section IV then provides a historically oriented description and interpretation of particular ‘waves’ or types of societal transformation. With a clear focus on present transformations, the chapters in Section V provide a description and discussion of the problems, structures, actors, and courses of the transformations within different spheres of (civil) society, politics, law, and economics. Finally, the brief lexicographic chapters in Section VI delineate facts about particular relevant issues of societal transformation. Each of the chapters contains a concise list of the most important research literature.

scholarly journals A bibliometric analysis of IL-35 research from 2009 to 2018

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulong Cai ◽  
Chenrong Zhou ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Qiaolan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Document Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Infectious Tolerance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
New Research ◽  
Medical University

Background Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a recently discovered cytokine that plays a role in immune suppression and has therefore been the subject of a great deal of research. A bibliometric analysis of the global research concerning IL-35, however, is rare. Objectives The aim of this research was to assess the international scientific output of IL-35 research and explore its hotspots and frontiers from 2009 to 2018 by bibliometric analysis. Methods Publications about IL-35 research from 2009 to 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Citespace V was used to analyze years, journals, countries, research institutions, areas of exploration, research hotspots, and trends of publication. Results We retrieved a total of 416 publications and observed a trend of publications increasing over the past decade. Original articles (351) were the most frequently occurring document type. The largest number of publications belonging to one country and one institution, respectively, was China (202) and Tianjin Medical University (17). Trending keywords may indicate frontier topics, including “infectious tolerance,” “autoimmune,” and “central nervous system.” Conclusion This study provides valuable information on the study of IL-35 so that researchers may identify new research fields.

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