scholarly journals Professional Work of Women in State Agricultural Farms (1949–1989) — an Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Machałek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Traditional Roles

Abstract Women employed in State Agricultural Farms (SAF) were blue- and white-collar workers, the former group being more numerous. However, the blue-collar workers mainly worked seasonally, during the period of intensive field work. When it comes to fulltime work, it was usually related to animal production. The demand for this type of work decreased with the progress of mechanization. Meanwhile, the demand for white-collar workers, especially those with agricultural education and experience, increased. Since the 1960s, the SAFs increasingly employed women qualified in agronomy, animal production, and veterinary medicine. However, they were not always accepted in positions traditionally considered “masculine”. For most women, work in SAFs was not attractive due to difficult working conditions and low prestige. If a woman decided to work there, it was usually for economic reasons. Most women did not take up professional activity and performed the traditional roles of wives and mothers.

Show Me Your Watch, and I’ll Tell You Where You Work: Obtaining Scarce Goods via the Workplace in 1960s Socialist Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Annina Gagyiova
Keyword(s):  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Usual State ◽  
State Socialist

In the field of consumption history there is growing interest in informal shopping practices, smuggling, and black-market activities in state socialist societies. Yet, little emphasis has been placed on how the foremost socialist workplace, the factory, became a crucial hub for smuggled goods and the extent to which workers played a role within it. This article explores local Budapest court cases from the beginning of the 1960s using the methodological insights of everyday history (Alltagsgeschichte). The cases show that white-collar workers (and in rare cases blue-collar workers) with a command of foreign languages frequently acted as middlemen in making transactions. This specific cultural capital put white-collar workers in a position to gain profit over and above their usual state salary, often contradicting wage hierarchies set by the state. At the same time, blue-collar workers embraced informal shopping possibilities at the factory in a climate of diversifying consumer expectations. This article examines how informal practices of selling and obtaining goods transformed relations among workers and created a new social hierarchy within working-class communities.

Socioeconomic Differences in Patient Survival Are Increasing for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma in Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2073-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson ◽  
Åsa Rangert Derolf ◽  
Gustaf Edgren ◽  
Paul W. Dickman ◽  
Magnus Björkholm
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Purpose An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) has not been established in developed countries. We assessed the impact of SES on survival in two large population-based cohorts of AML and MM patients diagnosed in Sweden 1973 to 2005. Patients and Methods The relative risk of death (all cause and cause specific) in relation to SES was estimated using Cox's proportional hazards regression. We also conducted analyses stratified by calendar periods (1973 to 1979, 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2005). Results We identified a total of 9,165 and 14,744 patients with AML and MM, respectively. Overall, higher white-collar workers had a lower mortality than other SES groups for both AML (P = .005) and MM (P < .005). In AML patients, a consistently higher overall mortality was observed in blue-collar workers compared with higher white-collar workers in the last three periods (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51; HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.45; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57, respectively). In MM, no difference was observed in the first two calendar periods. However, in 1990 to 1999, self-employed (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.37), blue-collar workers (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.32), and retired (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.80) had a higher mortality compared to higher white-collar workers. In 2000 to 2005, blue-collar workers had a higher mortality (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.60) compared with higher white-collar workers. Conclusion SES was significantly associated with survival in both AML and MM. Most conspicuously, a lower mortality was observed among the highest SES group during more recent calendar periods. Differences in management, comorbidity, and lifestyle, are likely factors to explain these findings.

What does work mean to your workers?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Talk of blue-collar and white-collar workers will seem faintly outdated for many HR managers. For some, blue-collar workers will conjure up images from the 1970s and 1980s of striking mineworkers, some of the terrible conditions in steel works or in car factories in the pre-robot era. And as for white-collar workers, again this term seems a little anachronistic, albeit it has recently been adopted when referring to computerized “white-collar” crime. And as for pink-collar workers, this surely was left for dead in the 1970s along with bell-bottom flares and male perms. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Advance Notice and Unemployment: New Evidence from the 1988 Displaced Worker Survey

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Addison ◽  
Pedro Portugal
Keyword(s):  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Displaced Worker ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Male Workers

This paper examines how advance notice of layoff affects the incidence and duration of unemployment following displacement. The authors use the Displaced Worker Survey for 1988, which, unlike earlier surveys in the series, contains information on written notice. The results are mixed. Longer written notice may more than double the proportion of white-collar workers who move directly to new employment. But written notice has no such positive effects for blue-collar workers, regardless of its length. Informal (unwritten) notice benefits male workers, either by improving their chances of avoiding unemployment (white-collar men) or by reducing the average spell of unemployment (blue-collar men).

Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Aro ◽  
Leena Räsänen ◽  
Risto Telama
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Health Related

The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.

scholarly journals Exposure to prolonged sedentary behavior on weekdays rather than weekends in white‐collar workers in comparison with blue‐collar workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Fukushima ◽  
Hiroyuki Kikuchi ◽  
Shiho Amagasa ◽  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Makiko Kitabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers

scholarly journals Objectively-measured physical activity and stress levels in workers: a systematic review physical activity and stress in workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marcelo Frio Marins ◽  
Barbara Sutil da Silva ◽  
Natan Feter ◽  
Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

To investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and occupational stress in different work environments. This systematic review, registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020214884), followed the PRISMA methodology. The search took place in October/2020 in the following databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MedLine/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, Scielo and CINAHL. Keywords related to eligible participants (adults and workers), interventions (physical activity objectively measured), comparison (control group or baseline), outcome (stress), and study design (observational studies) were combined using Boolean terms. From 1,524 identified records, 12 articles were included, totaling 2,082 workers. 66.7% of the studies were carried out in Europe and 50.0% among health professionals. Blue collar workers (20.7% [n = 430]) and white collar workers (18.3% [n = 382]), medical resident (6.5% [n = 135]) and protection services (9.7% [n = 202]) were the predominant occupations. Physical activity was higher in blue-collar workers than in white-collar workers, and shift-working nurses were more active compared to non-shift workers and office workers. Increased mental workload was not associated with time spent on physical activities in most studies (10 [83.3%)]). Some studies showed that light physical activity was associated with higher levels of stress and moderate to vigorous physical activity was beneficial for reducing stress dimensions. In conclusion, most studies did not find an association between objectively measured physical activity and the level of stress in workers. Studies with robust methodologies and covering different groups of workers remain necessary.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Wagiu Basrowi ◽  
Astrid W Sulistomo ◽  
Nuri Purwito Adi ◽  
Indah S Widyahening ◽  
Yvan Vandenplas
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Breast Pumping ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Objective Working status is identified as a major risk factor of poor breastfeeding practices among workers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and factors associated to breastfeeding practice among white-collar and blue-collar workers in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in two factories and three government offices in Jakarta from December 2012 to February 2013. Subjects were female workers whose children aged 6 months to 24 years old and actively working in the factory and/or office. The factors studied were selected socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, score on knowledge and attitude and breastfeeding practice during working hours. Results From a total of 192 subjects, 73% of white-collar workers had good knowledge on breastfeeding, in contrast with 55% of blue-collar workers who had not good of breastfeeding knowledge (P<0.001). Most of the subjects were conducting breast pumping during working hours, however 15% of white-collar worker and 17% of blue-collar worker were never breastfeed nor breast pumping at work. Working status (P=0.005) and knowledge (P=0.002) were factors associated with breastfeeding practice among workers. Conclusion White-collar workers have a better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breastfeeding. Knowledge improvement related to breastfeeding benefits and supports to working mothers are key priority, however advocacy to employers, manager, and supervisor in providing breastfeeding facilitations and programs support were also critical to successful breastfeeding practice among workers.

scholarly journals Changes in the distribution and structure of white-collar workers’ residences in Japan during the period of modernization

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Takashi Kirimura
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Telephone Directory ◽  
Factorial Ecology ◽  
Residential Differentiation ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
The 1960S

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In Japan, research on urban residential differentiation has been carried out since the 1970s. Most of this research has focused on large cities using social area analysis and factorial ecology. The poor availability of small area statistics hindered research on urban residential differentiation until the end of the 1960s. Therefore, previous studies that focused on the modern cities in Japan used region-specific materials. For example, Ueno (1981) who studied in Tokyo in the 1920s used the census data calculated by the Tokyo City Office and Mizuuchi (1982) who studied in Osaka from the 1860s to the 1930s used various statistics created by the prefectural police and so on. For this reason, it is difficult to explore the inter-city comparison on the residential differentiation during the period of modernization in Japan.</p><p>This study assesses the possibility of utilizing telephone directories as a data source to determine differences in geographical residence on the basis of occupation and visualize the distribution of white-collar workers’ residences in the mid-1930s in three Japanese cities: Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto. Although the regional situation on the penetration of telephones needs to be considered, the inter-city comparison becomes possible since the telephone directories in which the occupation of telephone subscribers was recorded was made available nationwide in the pre-war period. Since the white-collar workers during that period relatively belonged to the high class, many of them were considered subscribing to telephones. In addition, white-collar workers changed the previous urban structure that consisted of merchants and craftsmen into a modern one. Therefore, white-collar workers are a suitable subject for analyzing the telephone directory and the residential differentiation in the mid-1930s.</p>

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