scholarly journals Environmental Indicators of Water Quality in the Cibin River (Transylvania, Romania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Ramona Iancu ◽  
Letiţia Oprean ◽  
Diana Stegăruş ◽  
Ovidiu Tiţa ◽  
Adrian Boicean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Physical Chemical

ABSTRACTWater pollution has become a worldwide problem and its influence over the health of human populations grows every day. This study was carried out to determinate the rate level of pollution of the Cibin River (Transylvania, Romania) via physical-chemical and microbiological tests. Water samples were measured at six different locations along the Cibin River for a period of 12 months. Analysis methods used to determine physical-chemical quality indices for water were as follows: O2- ISO 5814/99, pH - SR ISO 10523-97, PO4-KIT Merck, SO4-- PS/LE 17, conductivity - Sonda, NH4+- SR ISO 7150-1/2001, NO3-- SR ISO 7890/2000, NO2-- SR EN 26777 - ISO 6777/2002, chlorides - SR ISO 9297/2001, CCOCr - SR ISO 6060/96, CBO5- SR ISO 5815/95, suspended solids - STAS 6953/81, residues - STAS 9187/95. The water samples were analyzed also from a sanitary and public health point of view, for example: total number of mesophilic bacteria, total number of yeasts and moulds, total coliforms, total fecal coliforms, Enterococcus and Escherichia coli, according to current Romanian legislation and normatives (Order 1146/2002). The significant results place the river in the first (sampling stations 1, 2 and 3) and second (sampling stations 4, 5 and 6) water Quality Class. Due to the fact that the upper dam reservoir at Gura Râului is the main source of drinking water for Sibiu, it is certain that this water presents optimal characteristics for human consumption and is thus declared to be one of the healthiest water sources in Romania.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrochemistry of Urban Runoff in Surface Water Quality in Enugu Urban Area, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria.

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Obuka E.N. ◽  
Okwu-delunzu V.U. ◽  
Chukwu K.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Physical Chemical

Bacterial contamination of water and its associated human health problems are of concern to most people because surface water diseases have troubled human populations for centuries. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of hydrochemistry of urban runoff on surface water quality in Enugu urban area. The water samples were collected from six major rivers in the study area (Ekulu, Asata, Aria, Idaw, Ayo and Ogbete river) with 13 stations of runoff measurement in Enugu urban area. Physico-chemical data was collected by dividing the basin into 13 sub-catchments areas and these were confined mainly within the existing layout. The water samples collected from various strategic points from the study area were analyzed through laboratory tests. The first layer consists of Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameter. These were summarized and imported for statistical analysis and data processing. The result shows that rivers in the study area were highly polluted. The average quantity of Faecal Coliform in Enugu urban River was 17066.67cfu, and average Total Coliform pollution 25400 cfu. These changes were as a result of human and animal excreta flushed into surface water via runoff. The study noted that the physical, chemical and microbiological parameter of the basin, as well as geographical dispositions, combined with anthropogenic factors, are strong causative factors of runoff which causes pollution in surface water quality in the study area. Physio-chemical characteristic shows the hydrochemistry properties of runoff and the extent of pollution in surface water in the study area. The work recommends that there should be effective enforcement of legislation and improve in construction of modernize drainage channel which will collect discharge instead of channelling waste to rivers.

scholarly journals Metalliferous content of drinking water and sediments in storage tanks of some schools in Erbil city, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraz Sami Khalid ◽  
Hoshyar Saadi Ali ◽  
Dhary Almashhadany
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality Indices

The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water in randomly selected schools in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The water quality indices such as the Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) were applied to characterize water quality. Eighteen schools were incorporated and sampled for their water storage tanks available to students. Water samples and sediment samples from tanks floor were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer for the determination of twenty-two metal elements. In drinking water samples, all detected metals did not exceed the permissible limits of the World Health Organization. The results of this study showed that the average values of HPI and HEI for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn were 54.442 and 0.221, respectively. According to data of the water quality indices, the schools drinking water quality are good and suitable for drinking in terms of heavy metals. However, sediments samples contained high concentrations of all elements including the toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb). Re-suspension of sediments into water column after refilling storage tanks can pose a serious threat to students drinking water from such vessels. It is therefore recommended that proper storage tanks are provided to the schools accompanied by continuous sanitation and hygiene practice to mitigate the corrosion of tanks to avoid health risks of toxic metal

scholarly journals CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE Ulva lactuca Y Ulva clathrata (CHLOROPHYTA) DE LA COSTA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Astudillo ◽  
R. Guerrero-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Ulva Clathrata

Microbiological quality of Ulva lactuca and Ulva clathrata (Chlorophyta) along the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S., México Total, fecal coliforms and the enterococcus group in Ulva lactuca and U. clathrata were measured in four localities of the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico. Levels of fecal coliforms in water were below the standard of the Ecological Criteria of Water Quality (EC-WQ) which indicates a healthy La Paz inlet (below 200 MPN/100ml). Values of fecal coliforms in algae were below the NOM-031-SSA1-1993 levels determined for marine organisms destined for human consumption. These values were high only in few months. No enterococci were detected in the samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality Using the Water Quality Index and Geostatistical Analysis in the Dier al-Balah Governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa El Baba ◽  
Prabin Kayastha ◽  
Marijke Huysmans ◽  
Florimond De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Large Area

Groundwater contamination is a major problem in the Gaza Strip. In this study we investigate the groundwater quality in the Dier al-Balah Governorate. Water samples were collected from 19 municipal wells in April 2009 and April 2014 and analyzed for physio-chemical parameters (pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42–, HCO3− and NO3−). The aim of the research is to determine the groundwater quality and to produce groundwater quality maps using the water quality index (WQI) method and geostatistical analysis. The results show that all water samples are very saline due to the intrusion of Mediterranean seawater in the coastal aquifer. Differences in chemical composition between 2009 and 2014 indicate that about 1% more seawater was mixed with the groundwater in this period. The majority of the observed chemical parameters of all wells are well above the WHO water quality standards and all WQI values indicate that the water quality is problematic. The spatial variation of the WQI scores is modelled by a deterministic component expressing a linear dependence on the distance to the coastline and a stochastic residual described by an exponential variogram with a practical range of 3000 m. The mapping of the WQI scores and derived water quality classes is achieved through regression-kriging. The results indicate that the groundwater in a large area along the coastline is unsuitable for human consumption and comparison of the maps of 2009 and 2014 shows that this region further expanded by about 700 m inland in a period of 5 years. The results of this study are worrying, but they also contribute to a better understanding of the factors that determine the groundwater quality and can help authorities and stakeholders with sustainable development.

Epilithic diatoms of the St. Lawrence River and their relationships to water quality

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan D Reavie ◽  
John P Smol
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Epilithic Diatoms ◽  
Epilithic Diatom ◽  
St Lawrence River

Epilithic diatoms were sampled at 48 sites along the St. Lawrence River, from Salaberry de Valleyfield to Québec City, in an attempt to determine how diatom assemblages were related to measured water quality variables. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to explore the relationships between environmental variables and patterns in the epilithic diatom assemblages. "Distance downstream from Cornwall" was determined to be the strongest variable influencing the structure of epilithic diatom assemblages, likely due to the effect of tides (favouring aerophilic species) closer to the river outlet. Variables related to pollution (suspended solids, fecal coliforms, chlorophyll a) also explained significant (P < 0.05) amounts of variance in the diatom assemblages. The optima of common diatom species to suspended solids were explored further. Reconstructive models using weighted-averaging calibration and regression illustrated that "distance from Cornwall" and concentrations of suspended solids, fecal coliforms, and chlorophyll a, the most influential variables, could be inferred from the diatom assemblages. When compared with the inference models developed for pollution variables using epiphytic diatom assemblages (attached to macrophytes or Cladophora), the epilithon model appears to perform better.Key words: diatoms, rocks, epilithic, St. Lawrence River, water quality, calibration.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality and underground flow in southern Amazon, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Josilena De Jesus Laureano ◽  
Caryne Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Daíse Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Lindolaine Machado de Sousa ◽  
Maria Cristina Nery do Nascimento Recktenvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Underground Flow

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological groundwater parameters as well as the mapping of groundwater flow in an urban area of Presidente Médici county in Rondônia State, Southern Amazon. The water samples were collected in 11 wells in April and June of 2017, which corresponds to the dry season in the studied region. Groundwater was acidic, with a large range of nutrients concentration, low turbidity and presence of fecal coliforms in most sampled wells. The parameters that were in disagreement with Consolidation Ordinance No 05/2017/MS and CONAMA no 396/08 Resolution, were pH, turbidity, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate. Regarding the microbiological parameter, most of the sampling sites were in disagreement with the established by the legislation that it recommends to be absent in 100mL, when it is destined for human consumption. Densities found were higher than 112,000UFC/100mL for total coliforms and higher than 56,000UFC/100mL for Escherichia coli. The pH ranged from 4.1 to 6.4, and the turbidity showed a maximum value of 6.7 uT. The nitrate concentrations were above the established level (10 mg.L-1) in April in 72.7%, and in June 50% of the wells, with a maximum of 48.5 mg.L-1. The study of the direction of the underground flow demonstrated the predominance of the flow towards the nearest river, as well as potential contributors of microbiological influences. The results indicate contamination of the groundwater by domestic sewage, being proved by the presence of coliforms and nitrate, being the water unfit for human consumption without adequate treatment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal assessment of effects of leachate from landfills on groundwater in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
H A Suleiman ◽  
M M Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Improper solid waste management in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria has become a serious threat to human health and ground water quality. Groundwater monitoring should be conducted to assess the groundwater contamination, especially originated from leachate generated from the dumpsites. Most of the dumpsites are located nearby water body that subsequently affecting the quality of the water for human purposes. This study aims to investigate the relationships between different physical-chemical and biological parameters during the two seasons (dry and wet seasons) in Kano Metropolis area as well as to identify the sources of variation during the two seasons. The level of some physical-chemical and biological parameters of the groundwater (wells) and dump sites were assessed (i.e. temperature, pH, conductivity, suspended solids, turbidity, hardness colour, e-coli and coliform). Mean concentration of some physical-chemical and biological parameters except that of temperature, colour, pH and total dissolved solids were found to be above the acceptable limit of the National and International standard of drinking water quality, NESREA and WHO. The sources and variations of the samples results were tested using statistical analysis. The water samples show a considerable level of pollution. The analysis of the groundwater and that of dump sites reveals no significant difference in the parameters measured. It is therefore recommended that the water from this source should be monitored and treated properly before consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of columbite/tantalite (COLTAN) mining activities on water quality in Edege-Mbeki mining district of Nasarawa state, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Engha Isah ◽  
Nuhu Abdulkadir Abdulmumin ◽  
Paul D. Elaoyi ◽  
Ephraim Audu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
North Central ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Abstract Background The release of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals due to mining activities has received worldwide condemnation. Therefore, understanding the contamination of both surface and groundwater in Edege-Mbeki mining district is very important for the health and wellbeing of its people. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical parameters of water samples and the level of heavy metals in Edege-Mbeki Columbite/Tantalite (COLTAN) mining site, North Central Nigeria. Results A total of 15 water samples were collected and analyzed in triplicate. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, and Fe) in surface and groundwater samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-6800 Shimadzu). The physicochemical properties of the water samples were also examined. The results of the water quality assessments show that the water samples were contaminated with alarming levels of Pb, Cd and Ni. Mean concentrations were Ni (0.008 mg/L), Mn (0.087 mg/L), Pb (0.324 mg/L), Cd (0.029 mg/L), and Fe (0.839 mg/L) in Edege-Mbeki groundwater, while the surface water (mining ponds) had Ni (0.102 mg/L), Mn (0.099 mg/L), Pb (0.358 mg/L), Cd (0.025 mg/L), and Fe (6.99 mg/L). The groundwater samples in Mararaban-Edege which served as the control site had mean concentration levels of Ni (0.032 mg/L), Mn (0.096 mg/L), Pb (0.122 mg/L), Cd (0.039 mg/L), and Fe (0.608 mg/L). The range of pH was found to be from 5.6 ± 0.02 to 6.5 ± 0.12, turbidity was between 39.27 ± 0.29 and 2271 ± 0.00 NTU, and conductivity ranged from 39.27 ± 0.29 to 757.33 ± 5.69 μS/cm, TDS from 25.0 ± 2.3 to 450.67 ± 6.03 mg/L while dissolved oxygen (DO) values from 3.1 ± 0.3 to 3.5 ± 0.3 mg/L. Conclusion This study confirmed that surface and ground water samples in Edege-Mbeki and Mararaban-Edege are not fit for human consumption and other domestic use. Hence, government and community leaders must provide alternative means of water for the people of these communities.

scholarly journals Farm Well Water Quality in Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy Fitzgerald ◽  
David S. Chanasyk ◽  
R. David Neilson ◽  
Dave Kiely ◽  
Robert Audette
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Maximum Acceptable Concentration

Abstract On-farm groundwater supplies in Alberta were evaluated for chemical (routine chemistry, trace metals), herbicides and microbiological (total and fecal coliforms) parameters to determine the suitability of domestic drinking water usage based on the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). The sampling program was conducted between May and October of 1995 and 1996. Thirty-two percent of the 816 farm water wells surveyed (depth range 2 to 284 m) exceeded the GCDWQ for maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) or interim maximum acceptable concentration (IMAC) of at least one parameter. In addition, the water from 92% of the sites exceeded the GCDWQ for at least one of the aesthetic objectives (AO). The chemicals were ranked from most to least frequently exceeding the GCDWQ MAC, in the following order: F &gt;&gt; NO3 −N + NO2−N &gt; As &gt; Se &gt; Pb &gt; B &gt; U &gt; Cr (13, 6, 3, 3, 2, 0.9, 0.4 and 0.2% of all samples, respectively). The parameters ranked from most to least frequently, exceeding the AO, in the following order: TDS &gt; Na &gt; Fe &gt; Mn &gt; pH &gt; SO4 &gt; Cl &gt; Al &gt; Zn &gt; Cu (85, 64, 36, 34, 23, 19, 6, 2, 1 and 0.1 % of the samples, respectively). The majority of the higher concentrations of most inorganic parameters are due to natural geological conditions defined by source aquifer mineralogy. The effects of primary agriculture are likely limited to the 3% herbicide detections and to some nitrate and microbiological contaminations observed; this water should not be used for human consumption without some form of site-specific treatment. Some rural residents may be “mistreating” their water, and a general lack of water testing among rural residents was noted.

scholarly journals Water Quality Indices: Current and Future Trends in Evaluating Contamination of Groundwater Resources

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Surface Water Contamination

Groundwater and surface water contamination is related to the presence of chemical substances, which strongly influence the water suitability for human consumption as well as for industrial and agricultural uses [...]

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