scholarly journals Farm Well Water Quality in Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy Fitzgerald ◽  
David S. Chanasyk ◽  
R. David Neilson ◽  
Dave Kiely ◽  
Robert Audette
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Maximum Acceptable Concentration

Abstract On-farm groundwater supplies in Alberta were evaluated for chemical (routine chemistry, trace metals), herbicides and microbiological (total and fecal coliforms) parameters to determine the suitability of domestic drinking water usage based on the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). The sampling program was conducted between May and October of 1995 and 1996. Thirty-two percent of the 816 farm water wells surveyed (depth range 2 to 284 m) exceeded the GCDWQ for maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) or interim maximum acceptable concentration (IMAC) of at least one parameter. In addition, the water from 92% of the sites exceeded the GCDWQ for at least one of the aesthetic objectives (AO). The chemicals were ranked from most to least frequently exceeding the GCDWQ MAC, in the following order: F >> NO3 −N + NO2−N > As > Se > Pb > B > U > Cr (13, 6, 3, 3, 2, 0.9, 0.4 and 0.2% of all samples, respectively). The parameters ranked from most to least frequently, exceeding the AO, in the following order: TDS > Na > Fe > Mn > pH > SO4 > Cl > Al > Zn > Cu (85, 64, 36, 34, 23, 19, 6, 2, 1 and 0.1 % of the samples, respectively). The majority of the higher concentrations of most inorganic parameters are due to natural geological conditions defined by source aquifer mineralogy. The effects of primary agriculture are likely limited to the 3% herbicide detections and to some nitrate and microbiological contaminations observed; this water should not be used for human consumption without some form of site-specific treatment. Some rural residents may be “mistreating” their water, and a general lack of water testing among rural residents was noted.

scholarly journals Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crampton ◽  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Agricultural Contaminants

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

scholarly journals CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE Ulva lactuca Y Ulva clathrata (CHLOROPHYTA) DE LA COSTA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Astudillo ◽  
R. Guerrero-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Ulva Clathrata

Microbiological quality of Ulva lactuca and Ulva clathrata (Chlorophyta) along the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S., México Total, fecal coliforms and the enterococcus group in Ulva lactuca and U. clathrata were measured in four localities of the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico. Levels of fecal coliforms in water were below the standard of the Ecological Criteria of Water Quality (EC-WQ) which indicates a healthy La Paz inlet (below 200 MPN/100ml). Values of fecal coliforms in algae were below the NOM-031-SSA1-1993 levels determined for marine organisms destined for human consumption. These values were high only in few months. No enterococci were detected in the samples.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
C. M. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.

Absence of Relationship between Health Effects Due to Tap Water Consumption and Drinking Water Quality Parameters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Eduardo Franco ◽  
Jack Siemiatycki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illnesses

An 18-month prospective epidemiological study of gastrointestinal illnesses was conducted on 300 families consuming conventionally treated tap water and 300 consuming the same water after further treatment by reverse-osmosis. Drinking water met current bacteriological and physicochemical quality standards, but was found to be associated with a significant level of gastrointestinai illnesses: a reduction of 30% of the gastrointestinal illnesses was observed in the group consuming the filtered water. The presence or absence of total coliforms or fecal coliforms was not indicative of the health effects observed. The heterotrophic plate counts at 20°C in the distribution system were weakly associated with the duration of the symptoms when the data was analyzed by subregion. Several approaches to clustering of the family data to the nearest sampling site were attempted: no association could be demonstrated. Even if consumers of reverse-osmosis water experienced, on the average, less gastrointestinal illnesses, their illnesses were significantly associated with the number of bacteria growing at 35°C on medium R2A. The problems associated with the predictive value of the bacterial content of a water sample and in particular, the major differences between water quality at the tap and in the distribution system are presented. For example, standard procedures require analysis of the water after flushing the tap for several minutes: this is not however typical of the water that is consumed. Water that comes out of the tap has stagnated for long periods in household pipes and regrowth of bacterial contaminants can easily occur. The bacteria growing in this water might thus be responsible for some of the health effects observed in tap water.

scholarly journals Pioneering water quality data on the Lake Victoria watershed: effects on human health

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamie J. Jovanelly ◽  
Julie Johnson-Pynn ◽  
James Okot-Okumu ◽  
Richard Nyenje ◽  
Emily Namaganda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Elevated Exposure

Four forest reserves within 50 km of Kampala in Uganda act as a critical buffer to the Lake Victoria watershed and habitat for local populations. Over a 9-month period we capture a pioneering water quality data set that illustrates ecosystem health through the implementation of a water quality index (WQI). The WQI was calculated using field and laboratory data that reflect measured physical and chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen on demand, nitrates, phosphates, fecal coliform, and temperature turbidity). Overall, the WQI for the four forest reserves reflect poor to medium water quality. Results compared with US Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization drinking water standards indicate varying levels of contamination at most sites and all designated drinking water sources, with signatures of elevated nitrates, phosphates, and/or fecal coliforms. As critical health problems are known to arise with elevated exposure to contaminants in drinking water, this data set can be used to communicate necessary improvements within the watershed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial Communities of Bottled Mineral Waters and Preliminary Traceability Analysis Using NGS Microbial Fingerprints

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2824
Author(s):  
Federica Carraturo ◽  
Carmela Del Giudice ◽  
Mariacristina Compagnone ◽  
Giovanni Libralato ◽  
Maria Toscanesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbial Composition

The microbiological monitoring of mineral bottled waters results is crucial for the prevention of outbreaks in consumers. European and International regulations establish the quality of water intended for human consumption in order to preserve human health from the negative effects deriving from water contamination. Advanced methods targeting the faster detection of potential pathogens in drinking water may consent to the creation of an early warning system, enhancing water quality management. This study aimed to suggest the implementation of standard water quality evaluations, based on the characterization of the microbial composition of mineral bottled water brands, contributing to the periodic control of the water’s microbiological stability along with the shelf life, and, consequently, the stability of the supplying sources. Bottled water microbiota analysis was combined with the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of microbial loads in time, and the monitoring was performed in two seasons and two different storage conditions for a total of sixty days. The employment of molecular microbiology techniques (NGS and Sanger sequencing), compared to standardized cultural methods and integrated with metagenomic analysis, combining chemical and physical indicators for each sample, allowing for the generation of specific fingerprints for mineral bottled waters, pointing at simplifying and improving the foreseen risk assessment strategies to ensure the adequate traceability, quality and safety management of drinking water.

scholarly journals Legionella: A Promising Supplementary Indicator of Microbial Drinking Water Quality in Municipal Engineered Water Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiqian Zhang ◽  
Jingrang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time

Opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are natural inhabitants and the predominant disease causative biotic agents in municipal engineered water systems (EWSs). In EWSs, OPs occur at high frequencies and concentrations, cause drinking-water-related disease outbreaks, and are a major factor threatening public health. Therefore, the prevalence of OPs in EWSs represents microbial drinking water quality. Closely or routinely monitoring the dynamics of OPs in municipal EWSs is thus critical to ensuring drinking water quality and protecting public health. Monitoring the dynamics of conventional (fecal) indicators (e.g., total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli) is the customary or even exclusive means of assessing microbial drinking water quality. However, those indicators infer only fecal contamination due to treatment (e.g., disinfection within water utilities) failure and EWS infrastructure issues (e.g., water main breaks and infiltration), whereas OPs are not contaminants in drinking water. In addition, those indicators appear in EWSs at low concentrations (often absent in well-maintained EWSs) and are uncorrelated with OPs. For instance, conventional indicators decay, while OPs regrow with increasing hydraulic residence time. As a result, conventional indicators are poor indicators of OPs (the major aspect of microbial drinking water quality) in EWSs. An additional or supplementary indicator that can well infer the prevalence of OPs in EWSs is highly needed. This systematic review argues that Legionella as a dominant OP-containing genus and natural inhabitant in EWSs is a promising candidate for such a supplementary indicator. Through comprehensively comparing the behavior (i.e., occurrence, growth and regrowth, spatiotemporal variations in concentrations, resistance to disinfectant residuals, and responses to physicochemical water quality parameters) of major OPs (e.g., Legionella especially L. pneumophila, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas especially P. aeruginosa), this review proves that Legionella is a promising supplementary indicator for the prevalence of OPs in EWSs while other OPs lack this indication feature. Legionella as a dominant natural inhabitant in EWSs occurs frequently, has a high concentration, and correlates with more microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters than other common OPs. Legionella and OPs in EWSs share multiple key features such as high disinfectant resistance, biofilm formation, proliferation within amoebae, and significant spatiotemporal variations in concentrations. Therefore, the presence and concentration of Legionella well indicate the presence and concentrations of OPs (especially L. pneumophila) and microbial drinking water quality in EWSs. In addition, Legionella concentration indicates the efficacies of disinfectant residuals in EWSs. Furthermore, with the development of modern Legionella quantification methods (especially quantitative polymerase chain reactions), monitoring Legionella in ESWs is becoming easier, more affordable, and less labor-intensive. Those features make Legionella a proper supplementary indicator for microbial drinking water quality (especially the prevalence of OPs) in EWSs. Water authorities may use Legionella and conventional indicators in combination to more comprehensively assess microbial drinking water quality in municipal EWSs. Future work should further explore the indication role of Legionella in EWSs and propose drinking water Legionella concentration limits that indicate serious public health effects and require enhanced treatment (e.g., booster disinfection).

scholarly journals Quality water not everywhere: Exploratory Analysis of Water Quality Across Ebocha-Obrikom Oil and Gas Flaring Area in the Core Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morufu Olalekan Raimi ◽  
Olawale Henry Sawyerr ◽  
Clinton Ifeanyichukwu Ezekwe ◽  
Opasola Afolabi Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Background:In Rivers State, Nigeria, Indigenous communities of Ebocha-Obrikom have nearly worst drinking water quality in the province with concerns extending from worsening water quality to deficiency of support from oil companies operating in the environment. The minute water is suspected, or recognized of being unsafe or hazardous to human consumption, community people are likely to be positioned under a wasted health.Objectives:To compare water quality parameters in the vicinity of Gas Flaring Area of Ebocha-Obrikom of Rivers State with that of the recommended standards.Methods:The research utilized standard analytical procedures. All sampling, conservation, transportation and analysis followed standard procedures described in APHA (2012). All the samples collected were transported to the laboratory through keeping in an icebox to prevent degradation of the organic substances.Results:Result depicts that Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, Magnesium, Iron, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, and Nickel exceeded the desirable limit meant for drinking purpose as well as could potentially pose threats toward human society. Hence, remain unsuitable for drinking, as the inhabitants were more vulnerable for their total lifetime period of exposure through continuous consumption of unsuitable drinking water.Conclusion:It is recommended that the local government environmental health officers and other regulatory agencies frequently monitor the levels of these pollutants within the area and also ensure strict adherence to guidelines to ensure a healthy environment. As exposure to the above stated parameters can have a remarkable impact on human health living in the vicinity of the gas flaring area by drinking water around the study area; thus, groundwater needs to treated before using for household purpose or drinking. Thus, this study would help in decision making for stakeholders and relevant authorities in the execution of reasonable groundwater management strategies and remediation plans in the area to protect public and environmental health.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment near a Nigerian dumpsite

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
O.A. Mokuolu ◽  
S.O. Jacob ◽  
A.M. Ayanshola
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Groundwater Assessment

Municipal solid waste collected in Nigeria are often disposed of in uncontrolled dumpsites and/or burnt in the open spaces and consequently causing significant pollution on surface water, ground water and the air. An investigational study was carried out on the level of pollution on groundwater near Gbagede dumpsite in Kwara state. Ground water samples, GW1, GW2, GW3 were taken at three different locations: 186 m, 290 m, and 326 m from the edge of the dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters evaluated include; pH, total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, alkalinity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate ion, Chloride ion, Sulphate ion, Electrical conductivity, Calcium ion and Magnesium ion using standard laboratory procedures. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Results fell within the stipulated range of WHO and NSDWQ standard for drinking water. It was however observed that the water quality improves with distance from the dumpsite. Statistical analyses indicated mild differences among all the parameters tested for in the samples at 95% confidence level. Uncontrolled accumulation of leachates from the dumpsite may pose potential risk to the source of water for the community in the near future. It was recommended that the dumpsite be relocated from the current residential area.Key Words: Groundwater, Assessment, Contaminants, Solid-waste, Water quality

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality Scenario at Kallam’s Green City, Ameenabad, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2722-2725
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Guntur District ◽  
Clean Air

Groundwater is the basic and prime component to be considered, as it is directly linked with the developmental activities of any area in the whole world. In the current scenario the availability of groundwater for future generation is biggest problematic question to be asked by every nation. In the actual scenario its availability is minimum and the dependency on groundwater is maximum to meet all the requirements of water demand and this situation has been continuing years long due to excessive and abnormal increments in the growth of population [6] and it becomes more worse especially in the developing countries as well as in the urban areas [8], at one side the population is increasing and at the same time the availability of natural resources like soil, clean air and portable water keep on polluting due to the natural activities like floods, droughts etc apart from manmade activities in order to improving living standards. Water in the aquifers of earth crust depends on the soil porosity, pore size and the geological conditions [10] with respect to the holding capacity of water, even though groundwater is the source to consider as one of the rechargeable resource but it is completely depends on the measures to adopt for recharging such as recharging pits and the average rainfall of that particular area. In this study all the parameters of IS drinking water quality standards 10500 – 2012 are examined for the collected groundwater samples of three cycles and the average values of three cycles were considered as final results. The results were compared to find out the existed water quality scenario at the study area.

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