Mycoflora Associated with Decomposition of Rice Stubble Mixed with Soil

Mycoflora Associated with Decomposition of Rice Stubble Mixed with SoilFungi inhabiting rice stubble mixed with soil were isolated by dilution plate technique. Moisture content of decomposed rice stubble mixed with soil was 25.32% in the month of August and minimum (5.35%) in the month of April and pH varied between 6.8-7.2. The highest (47.68 x 104) fungal population in 1 g of rice stubble mixed with soil was recorded in the month of October and the lowest (16.88 x 104) in the month of May. A total of twenty-nine fungal species were recorded during the entire period of decomposition. Dueteromycetous fungi constituted 75.86 per cent of total fungal population followed by zygomycetous, oomycetous and ascomycetous fungi. Monthly variation in fungal population was correlated with substrate availability and climatic factors. Dominance ofRhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavusandTrichoderma harzianumwas recorded during the decomposition whilePestalotia mangiferae, Torula graminisandAlternaria solaniwere obtained as rare fungal species.

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An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

MS Islam ◽

MZ Alam ◽

M Ashrafuzzaman

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Fungal Flora ◽

Poultry Feeds ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

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Phylloplane mycoflora of Gerbera spp. and their Pathogenic potentiality

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatema Yeasmin ◽

Shamim Shamsi

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

New Record ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Chaetomella Raphigera ◽

Fusarium Nivale ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Two types of symptoms, blight and anthracnose, were recorded on two species of Gerbera viz. Gerbera aurantiaca L. and Gerbera viridifolia L. The most common fungal species isolated from Gerbera spp. were Alternaria citrii, A. tennuisssima, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Chaetomella raphigera, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Colletotrichum capsici, C. coffeanum, C. dematium, C. gleosporioides, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare, Colletorichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp.2, Colletotrichum sp.3, Colletotrichum sp.4, Curvularia clavata, C. lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. semitectum, Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, one cleistothecial ascomycetes and one sterile fungus. The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum spp. with Gerbera spp. was higher than any other fungi. Bipolaris hawaiiensis is a new record for Bangladesh. Among the isolated fungi Alternaria citrii, A. tennuissima, Colletotrichum capcisi, C. dematium, C. coffeanum and Curvularia clavata were found to be pathogenic to Gerbera plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 211-217, 2013

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Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2018/v1i2747 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

I. Y. Tafinta ◽

K. Sheh ◽

H. M. Maishanu ◽

S. S. Noma ◽

S. A. Yusif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Dilution Plate ◽

Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

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Fungi associated with anthracnose of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits and their pathogenic potentiality

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v27i1.46415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Farhana Islam ◽

Shamim Shamsi ◽

Md Abul Bashar

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

New Record ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Fusarium Semitectum

A total of ten fungal species were isolated from the anthracnose symptoms of three varieties of Mangifera indica L. viz., Himsagar, Langra and Amrapali. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav., Papulaspora sp. Preuss., Penicillium sp. Link., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vull. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the highest per cent (26.82) frequency in Himsagar whereas R. stolonifer showed the lowest (2.22). Pestalotiopsis guepinii showed the highest per cent (46.83) frequency in Langra whereas R. stolonifer showed the lowest (1.17). Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the highest per cent (38.67) frequency in Amrapali whereas Papulaspora sp. showed the lowest (4.00). Among the isolated fungi C. gloeosporioides, F. semitectum and P. guepinii were found to be pathogenic to three mango varieties. Association of Fusarium semitectum, Papulaspora sp. and Pestalotiopsis guepinii with mango is new record in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(1): 93-100, 2018 (January)

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Extracellular enzymatic activities of 32 fungal species

Boletín Micológico ◽

10.22370/bolmicol.1987.3.2.1531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Crippa ◽

E. Bruno ◽

A. M. Mangiarotti ◽

G. Caretta

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Gliocladium Roseum ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Penicillium Brevicompactum ◽

Extracellular Enzymatic Activities

Se investigó en 32 especies fúngicas, la producción de enzimas extracelulares y ms determinaciones cualitativas (amilasa, celulosa, caseinasa, fosfatasa, lipasa, pectinasa y ureasa). La detección de los enzimas en los cultivos fúngicos en agar varió ampliamente.En la mayoría de los cultivos fúngicos se detectaron: amilasas, ureasas, y fosfatasas. Las celulosas se pesquizaron particularmente en cultivo de Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides Penicillium brevicompactum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Scopulariopsis flava y Trichothecium roseum. Penicillium digitatum y P.duclauxi fueron productores de caseinasa en un alto grado. La actividad lipolítica se detectó en cultivos con grasas sintéticas tweens 20, 40, 60, y 80 como sustrato para lipasa. Indicaron actividad lipolítico para estos sustratos A. flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, C. cladosporioides, Gliocladium roseum, Mycothypha microspora, Microsporum gypseum, P. brevicompactum y Scopulariopsis brumptii. Productores de pectinasas fueron las cepas de A. flavus, C. cladosporioides y Fusarium oxysporum, P. brevicompoctum y Ulocladium atrum

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Effects of Container and Duration of Storage on the Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Seeds

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v14i1.29101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Razia Sultana ◽

M Salahuddin M Chowdhury ◽

Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽

Khadija Akhter

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Chaetomium Globosum ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Vigor Index

A study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Seed Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during July 2013 to June 2014 to determine the effects of different storage containers and durations of storage on the quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds and seedling growth. After harvest, seeds were stored in earthen pots, plastic pots, plastic bags, gunny bags with and without polyethylene lining for the periods of 4, 8, and 12 months. The seeds stored in plastic container showed the lowest moisture content (8.03%) at 4 months of storage and those stored in gunny bag showed the maximum moisture content (17.63%) at 12 months of storage. Percentage of seeds infested with fungi was minimum in plastic container, where the prevalence of Fusarium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia spp. were 1.47, 8.03, 3.31, 3.31, 2.57 and 3.53%, respectively at 4 months of storage. Prevalence of fungi was maximum in seeds stored in gunny bag where the prevalence of Fusarium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia spp. were 4.87, 17.63, 4.41, 5.97, 84.86 and 5.19%, respectively at 12 months of storage. In contrast, treated seeds stored in plastic container showed the maximum germination (94.74%), longest shoot (20.76 cm) and root (11.52 cm), highest seed vigor index (3087.00), highest weight of dry seedlings (55.60 g) at 4 months of storage. However, seeds stored in gunny bag showed the lowest seed germination (45.08%), shoot length (11.49 cm), root length (6.34 cm), seedling vigor index (838.10), dry weight of seedlings (33.40 g) and field emergence (37.36%) at 12 months of storage. Plastic containers appeared to be the best for storage of okra seeds.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 63-72

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Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n5p10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John Maina Wagacha ◽

Charity K. Mutegi ◽

Maria E. Christie ◽

Lucy W. Karanja ◽

Job Kimani

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Total Aflatoxin ◽

Regulatory Standards ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Jute Bags ◽

The Eu

Peanut kernels of Homabay Local, Valencia Red, ICGV-SM 12991 and ICGV-SM 99568 cultivars were stored for six months in jute, polypropylene and polyethylene bags to assess the effect of storage bags, temperature and R.H. on fungal population and aflatoxin contamination. Moisture content (M.C.), fungal population and aflatoxin levels were determined before storage and after every 30 days during storage. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were assayed for production of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. The correlation between MC, population of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and aflatoxin levels in peanuts was also determined. Six fungal pathogens were commonly isolated from the peanut samples and occurred as follows in decreasing order: Penicillium spp. (106.6 CFU/g), A. flavus L-strain (4.8 CFU/g), A. flavus S-strain (2.9 CFU/g), A. niger (2.6 CFU/g), A. parasiticus (1.7 CFU/g) and A. tamarii (0.2 CFU/g). The overall population of A. flavus L-strain was 66% higher than that of A. flavus S-strain. Ninety one percent of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates produced at least one of the four aflatoxin types assayed, with 36% producing aflatoxin B1. Total aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 - 47.8 µg/kg with samples stored in polyethylene and jute bags being the most and least contaminated, respectively. Eighty nine percent and 97% of the peanut samples met the EU (? 4 µg/kg) and Kenyan (? 10 µg/kg) regulatory standards for total aflatoxin, respectively. Peanuts should be adequately dried to safe moisture level and immediately packaged in a container - preferably jute bags - which will not promote critical increases in fungal population and aflatoxin contamination.

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Mycoflora in Commercial Pet Foods

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-64.5.741 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 741-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

DANTE J. BUENO ◽

JULIO O. SILVA ◽

GUILLERMO OLIVER

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Aspergillus Terreus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Mold Growth ◽

Mucor Racemosus ◽

Isolation Frequency ◽

Mycelia Sterilia ◽

Made In

This article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in Argentina and imported. The isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. Ten genera and fungi classified as Mycelia sterilia were identified. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (62%), Rhizopus (48%), and Mucor (38%). The most prevalent among Aspergillus was Aspergillus flavus followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The predominant Mucor was Mucor racemosus followed by Mucor plumbeus and Mucor globosus. The moisture content of these foods ranged from 5.6 to 10.0% and from 7.2 to 9.9% for dog and cat foods, respectively. A greater moisture content in food for the senior category (9.5 ± 0.2) was observed only in comparison to adult and kitten/puppy. If the moisture content can be maintained at these levels, mold growth would be prevented or at least it would remain at an insignificant level. Some genera and species isolated and identified from the foods analyzed are potentially producing toxins, which are known as mycotoxins. This involves a risk for animal health.

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Genetic variation among pathogens causing "Helminthosporium" diseases of rice, maize and wheat

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582002000600015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 639-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RITA C. B. WEIKERT-OLIVEIRA ◽

M. APARECIDA DE RESENDE ◽

HENRIQUE M. VALÉRIO ◽

RACHEL B. CALIGIORNE ◽

EDILSON PAIVA

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Rapd Analysis ◽

Its Region ◽

Restriction Enzymes ◽

Fungal Species ◽

High Similarity ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Upgma Phenogram

Twenty isolates of four fungal species, agents of "Helminthosporium" diseases in cereals, were collected from different regions: nine Bipolarisoryzae isolated from rice (Oryza sativa), seven B.sorokiniana from wheat (Triticum aestivum), two B. maydis, and two Exserohilumturcicum from maize (Zea mays). The strains were compared by PCR-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Size polymorphism among the isolates in the ITS region comprising the 5.8 S rDNA indicated genetic differences among the isolates, while a UPGMA phenogram constructed after the digestion of this region with restriction enzymes showed inter- and intra-specific polymorphism. The RAPD profiles indicated an expressive level of polymorphism among different species, compared with a low level of polymorphism among isolates of the same species. A UPGMA phenogram grouped the isolates according to the species and their host plant. RAPD profiles did not reveal polymorphism that directly correlated climatic factors with geographic source of the isolates of B. sorokiniana, and B. oryzae. Teleomorphic species revealed high similarity with their correspondent anamorphs.

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Viability of Trichoderma harzianum Grown on Different Carrier Formulation

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i6.1024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Purwanto Unsoed ◽

YuyunYuwariah AS ◽

Sumadi Sumadi ◽

Tualar Simarmata

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Population Count ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Carrier Materials ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The suitable carrier composition is needed to ensure the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum as inoculant of biocontrol, plant growth promotion and decomposer fungus. The research aimed to investigate formulation of carrier to enhance of Trichoderma harzianum viability was conducted from January till June 2015 in Laboratory. Testing of the compotition of carrier materials on viability of Trichoderma harzianum using a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatment compotitions of peat soil, cow manure, biocharcoal and nutrient. The observed variables were the population of Trichoderma harzianum (cfu/g) on a regular basis i.e2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after production, pH and moisture content (%) of media. The result showed that the different carrier formulations resulted number of spore varried, from 1.33 x 105cfu/g to 7.98 x 106cfu/g. The best formulation of Trichoderma harzianum was peat soil 40% + cow manure 40% + biocharcoal 10% + nutrient 10% with the maximum population count achieved 7.98 x 106cfu/g after 24 weeks of storage. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, carrier formulation, viability, biocharcoal, nutrient..

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