Influence of meteorological conditions on the concentration of NO2 and NOx in northwest Poland in relation to wind direction

Influence of meteorological conditions on the concentration of NO2 and NOx in northwest Poland in relation to wind direction The aim of the work was to assess the temporal distribution of NO2 and NOx concentration in relation to wind direction and to determine the effect of major meteorological elements on the size of NO2 and NOx concentration in northwest Poland. In the area of the research, in the period from 1st May 2005 to 30th April 2007 the highest average concentration of NO2 and NOx, both during cold and warm half-years, occurred with southeasterly wind, and the lowest with south-westerly wind for NO2 and with north-easterly wind for NOx. The highest determination coefficients and, at the same time, the smallest estimation errors for multiple regression equations, describing the dependence of the concentration of NO2 and NOx from meteorological elements, were obtained with westerly wind in the cold half-year and with south-westerly wind in the warm half-year.

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Seasonal Variations of Precipitation Properties Associated with the Monsoon over Palau in the Western Pacific

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm432.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 518-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hisayuki Kubota ◽

Ryuichi Shirooka ◽

Tomoki Ushiyama ◽

Takashi Chuda ◽

Suginori Iwasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Zonal Wind ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Cloud Amount ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Westerly Wind ◽

Wind Regime ◽

Easterly Wind ◽

The Western Pacific

Abstract In this study, the authors focused on the seasonal variations of precipitation properties over the western Pacific, particularly those associated with the wind direction of the monsoon. An observational project over Peleliu Island in the Republic of Palau was carried out, and data on precipitation, equivalent cloud amount, and precipitable water were collected from 28 June 2001 to 30 April 2002. First, the monsoon season over Palau was defined as a period with 850-hPa zonal-wind sounding data with sustained winds exceeding 5 m s−1. The westerly wind regime continued until 25 November 2001, and the next westerly wind regime began on 18 May 2002. The equivalent cloud amount increased during the period when the westerly wind intensified. The precipitation had a diurnal variation in the active phase of the westerly wind regime, increasing from nighttime to early morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The diurnal variation was weak in the inactive phase and had a lesser afternoon maximum. Precipitation intensity was high and its duration was short during the westerly wind regime. The precipitable water decreased during the easterly wind regime when a dry period appeared, and precipitation was also suppressed during those days. However, there was little difference between the precipitation amounts of the westerly and easterly wind regimes. The equivalent cloud amount did not decrease as the zonal-wind direction changed to easterlies during the easterly wind regime. The authors noticed no diurnal variation of precipitation during the easterly wind regime. These differences in the precipitation properties during westerlies and easterlies may be related to the seasonal variation of humidity in the environment.

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Meteorological Variables and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Air Pollutions in Eastern China during 2013–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2528 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhujun Dai ◽

Duanyang Liu ◽

Kun Yu ◽

Lu Cao ◽

Youshan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Eastern China ◽

Meteorological Condition ◽

Temperature Inversion ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Meteorological Variables ◽

Synoptic Situation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Air Pollutions ◽

Meteorological Elements

Steady meteorological conditions are important external factors affecting air pollution. In order to analyze how adverse meteorological variables affect air pollution, surface synoptic situation patterns and meteorological conditions during heavy pollution episodes are discussed. The results showed that there were 78 RPHPDs (regional PM2.5 pollution days) in Jiangsu, with a decreasing trend year by year. Winter had the most stable meteorological conditions, thus most RPHPDs appeared in winter, followed by autumn and summer, with the least days in spring. RPHPDs were classified into three patterns, respectively, as equalized pressure (EQP), advancing edge of a cold front (ACF) and inverted trough of low pressure (INT) according to the SLP (sea level pressure). RPHPDs under EQP were the most (51%), followed by ACF (37%); INT was the minimum (12%). Using statistical methods and meteorological condition data on RPHPDs from 2013 to 2017 to deduce the thresholds and 2018 as an independent dataset to validate the proposed thresholds, the threshold values of meteorological elements are summarized as follows. The probability of RPHPDs without rain was above 92% with the daily and hourly precipitation of all RPHPDs below 2.1 mm and 0.8 mm. Wind speed, RHs, inversion intensity(ITI), height difference in the temperature inversion(ITK), the lower height of temperature inversion (LHTI) and mixed-layer height (MLH) in terms of 25%–75% high probability range were respectively within 0.5–3.6 m s−1, 55%–92%, 0.7–4.0 °C 100 m −1, 42–576 m, 3–570 m, 200–1200 m. Two conditions should be considered: whether the pattern was EQP, ACF or INT and whether the eight meteorological elements are within the thresholds. If both criteria are met, PM2.5 particles tend to accumulate and air pollution diffusion conditions are poor. Unfavorable meteorological conditions are the necessary, but not sufficient condition for RPHPDs.

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Seasonal variability of hydrodynamics in the Vistula Estuary in 1994

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-007-0033-2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Robakiewicz

Keyword(s):

Wind Direction ◽

Water Body ◽

Seasonal Variability ◽

River Mouth ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Field Observations ◽

Mixing Processes ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Open Sea ◽

Region Model

Seasonal variability of hydrodynamics in the Vistula Estuary in 1994The Vistula Estuary is a coastal water body boasting free connection with the open sea, where mixing processes of marine and fluvial waters are maintained by local conditions. Based on results from a hydrodynamic model, applied to represent conditions in the year 1994, and using salinity as a tracer, it was found that fluvial water has a tendency to spread westward from the river mouth. This is in contradiction with the dominant wind direction in the region. Model results confirmed field observations of specific hydrological and meteorological conditions required to transport fluvial water northward, towards the Hel Peninsula.

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Examining the accuracy of satellite retrievals of trace-gas emissions and lifetimes using high-resolution plume modelling.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9897 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zoe Davis ◽

Debora Griffin ◽

Yue Jia ◽

Susann Tegtmeier ◽

Mallory Loria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Direction ◽

Vertical Profile ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Point Sources ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Trace Gas ◽

Vertical Column ◽

Retrieval Method ◽

The Impact

A recent method uses satellite measurements to estimate lifetimes and emissions of trace-gases from point sources (Fioletov et al., 2015). Emissions are retrieved by fitting measured vertical column densities (VCDs) of trace-gases to a three-dimensional function of the wind speed and spatial coordinates. In this study, a plume model generated &#8220;synthetic&#8221; satellite observations of prescribed emissions to examine the accuracy of the retrieved emissions. The Lagrangian transport and dispersion model FLEXPART (v10.0) modelled the plume from a point source over a multi-day simulation period at a resolution much higher than current satellite observations. The study aims to determine how various assumptions in the retrieval method and local meteorological conditions affect the accuracy and precision of emissions. These assumptions include that the use of a vertical mean of the wind profile is representative of the transport of the plume&#8217;s vertical column. In the retrieval method, the VCDs&#8217; pixel locations are rotated around the source based on wind direction so that all plumes have a common wind direction. Retrievals using a vertical mean wind for rotation will be compared to retrievals using VCDs determined by rotating each altitude of the vertical profile of trace-gas using the respective wind-direction. The impact of local meteorological factors on the two approaches will be presented, including atmospheric mixing, vertical wind shear, and boundary layer height. The study aims to suggest which altitude(s) of the vertical profile of winds results in the most accurate retrievals given the local meteorological conditions. The study will also examine the impact on retrieval accuracy due to satellite resolution, trace-gas lifetime, plume source altitude, number of overpasses, and random and systematic errors. Sensitivity studies repeated using a second, &#8220;line-density&#8221;, retrieval method will also be presented (Adams et al., 2019; Goldberg et al., 2019).

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Evaluation of the impact of meteorological conditions on the amount of air pollution in Krakow

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910802012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 108 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Małgorzata Piaskowska-Silarska ◽

Krzysztof Pytel ◽

Stanisław Gumuła ◽

Wiktor Hudy

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Ecological Monitoring ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Pollution Problem ◽

Air Quality Improvement ◽

Meteorological Elements ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The publication presents an assessment of the impact of meteorological conditions on air quality in a given location. The subject matter of the work is related to problem-review issues in the field of environmental protection and energy management. The publication draws attention to the fact that despite several decades of ecological monitoring of air pollution, only in recent years attention has been paid to the scale of air pollution problem. The study examined the relationship between meteorological elements (wind velocity, relative humidity on the amount of air pollution immissions. Significant impact of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and thermal braking layer was indicated. The possibilities of air quality improvement were presented based on the measurement data concerning the immission of impurities.

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Observed El Niño SSTA Development and the Effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind Events in 2014/15

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-16-0385.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1505-1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Andrew M. Chiodi ◽

D. E. Harrison

Keyword(s):

Wind Stress ◽

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Ocean Model ◽

Equatorial Pacific ◽

Westerly Wind ◽

Easterly Wind ◽

Model Studies ◽

Wind Events ◽

Westerly Wind Events

Abstract The unexpected halt of warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) growth in 2014 and development of a major El Niño in 2015 has drawn attention to our ability to understand and predict El Niño development. Wind stress–forced ocean model studies have satisfactorily reproduced observed equatorial Pacific SSTAs during periods when data return from the TAO/TRITON buoy network was high. Unfortunately, TAO/TRITON data return in 2014 was poor. To study 2014 SSTA development, the observed wind gaps must be filled. The hypothesis that subseasonal wind events provided the dominant driver of observed waveguide SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 is used along with the available buoy winds to construct an oceanic waveguide-wide surface stress field of westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs). It is found that the observed Niño-3.4 SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 can thereby be reproduced satisfactorily. Previous 2014 studies used other wind fields and reached differing conclusions about the importance of WWEs and EWSs. Experiment results herein help explain these inconsistencies, and clarify the relative importance of WWEs and EWSs. It is found that the springtime surplus of WWEs and summertime balance between WWEs and EWSs (yielding small net wind stress anomaly) accounts for the early development and midyear reversal of El Niño–like SSTA development in 2014. A strong abundance of WWEs in 2015 accounts for the rapid SSTA warming observed then. Accurately forecasting equatorial Pacific SSTA in years like 2014 and 2015 may require learning to predict WWE and EWS occurrence characteristics.

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Spatial Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Andalusia, Spain

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/2007jhm880.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 242-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Karl Vanderlinden ◽

Juan Vicente Giráldez ◽

Marc Van Meirvenne

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Spatial Optimization ◽

Data Availability ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Estimation Errors ◽

Secondary Information ◽

Regional Water

Abstract Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is of interest for regional water resources management, especially in areas of the world where fine-tuning of agricultural water demands over large areas is required. This study provides a strategy for mapping ET0 in regions with low meteorological data availability. For Andalusia, Spain, it involves estimating ET0 from temperature data using a locally calibrated version of the Hargreaves equation and the application of geostatistical interpolation techniques that take into account elevation as secondary information. Average annual ET0 at 191 observatories (with elevation between 0 and 1260 m) ranged from 954 to 1460 mm, with an average of 1283 mm, a standard deviation of 99 mm, and a correlation coefficient with elevation of −0.86. Simple kriging with varying local means (SKlm) and kriging with an external drift (KED)—two methods that take into account elevation as secondary information—increased spatial model efficiency by 30% as compared to ordinary kriging. SKlm was used for mapping ET0 since it better reproduced the descriptive statistics of the point data and yielded slightly smaller root-mean-squared estimation errors than KED. The spatial correlation of annual and monthly ET0 was well structured and anisotropic. Short-range variability, for separation distances up to 20–40 km, showed a strong linear increase with distance while long-range variability, up to 130–250 km, increased more gently with distance. The results of this structural analysis are relevant for the spatial optimization of a recently installed automated ET0 observation network, while obtained maps constitute a valuable tool for regional water resources evaluation, planning, and management and contribute to optimizing water use in local irrigated agriculture.

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Birch (Betula L.) pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 in relation to meteorological conditions

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dorota Myszkowska ◽

Katarzyna Piotrowicz

Keyword(s):

Pollen Season ◽

Birch Pollen ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Air Masses ◽

Circulation Types ◽

Atmospheric Fronts ◽

Pollen Seasons ◽

Daily Concentration ◽

Meteorological Elements ◽

The Relationship

The parameters of the birch pollen seasons in Cracow in 1991-2008 were analysed in relation to some meteorological elements and synoptic situations (circulation types, air masses and atmospheric fronts). Two types of the pollen seasons were distinguished - highly dense and less dense. The first type of the season started on the 15th of April (on average), lasted 11-20 days and the maximum daily concentration exceeded 500 pgm-3. The less dense type started generally earlier (the first decade of April), lasted more than 20 days and the peak days were unstable. In this type of the pollen season, two peak days were often observed. The relationship between the type of the season and the meteorological conditions before the season was pointed out. Additionally, the influence of circulation types, types of air masses and atmospheric fronts over south-eastern Poland on a given day on the number of days with a daily concentration > 80 pgm-3 was analysed. The relationship between the pollen season type and meteorological conditions before the season was found, among others, the influence of types of synoptic situations and air masses on the number of days with a concentration of over 80 pgm-3 was established.

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Modern meteorological observations for aviation purposes

Geographical Education and Cartography ◽

10.26565/2075-1893-2018-27-08 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

International Standards ◽

Favorable Weather

The purpose of this article. Meteorological support for aviation is a component of the safety systems. With the development of aviation technology, the requirements for it are growing. Today, aviation remains the most demanding user of meteorological information. The main parameters that affect the aircraft’s aerodynamic characteristics include air temperature, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, the height of the lower cloud boundary, the amount of precipitation and the frequency of dangerous meteorological phenomena. The aim of the study is a spatio-temporal analysis of meteorological parameters at the air base Chuguiv, Kharkiv region. Main material. Time series of daily average, average monthly air temperature, relative humidity, cloudiness, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric precipitation, wind direction and frequency of dangerous meteorological phenomena for the period 2008-2017 were processed as initial data. Changes in meteorological values during the year, season and month were studied. Favorable weather conditions for flights have been determined. Recommendations are developed regarding the performance of flights under various weather conditions. To date, many different aircraft flight models have been developed in non-standard weather situations. In T.V.Safonova’s work the forecast of the indicators of airports functioning and flights on routes in difficult meteorological conditions is considered. Consequently, aviation must have timely meteorological information increasing the safety, regularity and economy of flights for effective implementation of practical tasks. Conclusions. Analysis of the literature has showed that complex meteorological conditions create critical situations on routes and require further detailed study. To maintain a high level of meteorological service for aviation that meets international standards, it is necessary to conduct scientific and applied research in the field of aviation climatology and improve existing methods of aviation forecasting.

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Detailed Assessment of the Effects of Meteorological Conditions on PM10 Concentrations in the Northeastern Part of the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11050497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 497 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vladimíra Volná ◽

Daniel Hladký

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Mixing Layer ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Layer Height ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Mixing Layer Height

This article assessed the links between PM10 pollution and meteorological conditions over the Czech-Polish border area at the Třinec-Kosmos and Věřňovice sites often burdened with high air pollution covering the years 2016–2019. For this purpose, the results of the measurements of special systems (ceilometers) that monitor the atmospheric boundary layer were used in the analysis. Meteorological conditions, including the mixing layer height (MLH), undoubtedly influence the air pollution level. Combinations of meteorological conditions and their influence on PM10 concentrations also vary, depending on the pollution sources of a certain area and the geographical conditions of the monitoring site. Gen1erally, the worst dispersion conditions for the PM10 air pollution level occur at low air temperatures, low wind speed, and low height of the mixing layer along with a wind direction from areas with a higher accumulation of pollution sources. The average PM10 concentrations at temperatures below 1 °C reach the highest values on the occurrence of a mixing layer height of up to 400 m at both sites. The influence of a rising height of the mixing layer at temperatures below 1 °C on the average PM10 concentrations at Třinec-Kosmos site is not as significant as in the case of Věřňovice, where a difference of several tens of µg·m−3 in the average PM10 concentrations was observed between levels of up to 200 m and levels of 200–300 m. The average PM10 hourly concentrations at Třinec-Kosmos were the highest at wind speeds of up to 0.5 m·s−1, at MLH levels of up to almost 600 m; at Věřňovice, the influence of wind speeds of up to 2 m·s−1 was detected. Despite the fact that the most frequent PM10 contributions come to the Třinec-Kosmos site from the SE direction, the average maximum concentration contributions come from the W–N sectors at low wind speeds and MLHs of up to 400 m. In Věřňovice, regardless of the prevailing SW wind direction, sources in the NE–E sector from the site have a crucial influence on the air pollution level caused by PM10.

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