In this work result of the theoretical analyses, witch the main purpose was modelling of the microstructure change during round bars rolling was presented. To determination of the austenite diameter during numerical modelling of the rolling process it is necessary to assign mathematical models of the microstructure change, relationship making the value of yield stress dependent on deformation parameters, temperature and strain range. Theoretical analysis was made in computer program Forge2008®, based on the finite-element method. An analysis was made for two cases: traditional - without accelerated cooling during rolling process and normalizing with one section of the accelerated cooling during rolling process for the ø26 mm round bars. Modification of the ø26 mm round bars rolling technology with accelerated cooling, affect the reduction of average austenite diameter, which cause improving impact resistance of the final product. Results of the theoretical analysis were verified in industrial conditions, in one of polish steelwork.