Compressive response of some agricultural soils influenced by the mineralogy and moisture

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajayi ◽  
M.S. Dias Junior ◽  
N. Curi ◽  
I. Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Statistical Homogeneity ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
Fine Clay

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mineralogy, moisture retention, and the compressive response of two agricultural soils from South West Nigeria. Undisturbed soil cores at the A and B horizons were collected and used in chemical and hydrophysical characterization and confined compression test. X-ray diffractograms of oriented fine clay fractions were also obtained. Our results indicate the prevalence of kaolinite minerals relating to the weathering process in these tropical soils. Moisture retention by the core samples was typically low with pre-compression stress values ranging from50 to 300 kPa at both sites. Analyses of the shape of the compression curves highlight the influence of soil moisture in shifts from the bi-linear to S-shaped models. Statistical homogeneity test of the load bearing capacity parameters showed that the soil mineralogy influences the response to loading by these soils. These observations provide a physical basis for the previous classification series of the soils in the studied area. We showed that the internal strength attributes of the soil could be inferred from the mineralogical properties and stress history. This could assist in decisions on sustainable mechanization in a datapoor environment.

Morphological and physicochemical properties of various tropical soils from east-central Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López ◽  
M. B. Martínez ◽  
A. R. Riera
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
East Central

This report presents the results of a preliminary soil reconnaissance in east-central Puerto Rico. It contains soil-profile observations made on several deep pits dug for the purpose. It also includes the results of various infiltration tests conducted in the major soil types of the area. The laboratory data reported include organic matter, pH, nitrogen, and total exchange capacity, and also the following measurements conducted on undisturbed soil cores dug with a Kelley (Utah) soil sampling machine: Permeability, quick drainage, water retained at pF 1.78, maximum saturation, and bulk density. Additional data are presented on water retained at pF 2.7 and pF 4.2, available water, total porosity, and air porosity. The soils of east-central Puerto Rico are rather deep, medium- or heavy-textured, acid, and of medium to low fertility. They are not generally well supplied with organic matter and nitrogen. In many cases they have compact, tight subsoil layers near the surface which considerably reduce the permeability of the profile and induce poor drainage. Laboratory soil-moisture studies confirmed field observations indicating that the majority of the soils of this region have a moderately high capacity to store water available for crop growth.

scholarly journals Surface-applied or incorporated biochar and compost combination improves soil fertility, Chinese cabbage and papaya biomass

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Cox ◽  
Nguyen V. Hue ◽  
Amjad Ahmad ◽  
Kent D. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Surface Application

AbstractMany Hawaiian agricultural soils are acidic with low-nutrient retention; therefore, organic soil amendments are often used to improve soil properties and increase yields. Amendments can be incorporated for annual crops, but perennial orchards need surface application to avoid damaging surface roots. Pot trials compared responses to incorporated (IBC) or surface-applied (SBC) combination of hardwood biochar and chicken manure compost (4% v/v of each amendment) added to an Andisol and Oxisol. Soil pH was increased by 0.4–1.1 units in IBC and by 0.2–0.5 for SBC in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Both SBC and IBC increased soil total N, extractable P, Ca and Mg in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Soil pH, total C and extractable Ca were also higher in the 10–20 cm soil layer for IBC soil, indicating movement and/or leaching of amendments. Chinese cabbage biomass was 18–70% higher in the IBC and 14–47% higher in the SBC than that in the unamended soil, while papaya biomass was 23% and 19% higher in SBC and IBC, respectively. There was a greater response in the more acidic Andisol soil, with larger improvements in soil pH, plant nutrient uptake and root biomass than the Oxisol. Surface application was as effective in increasing plant growth as the incorporated amendment, providing evidence for farm scale assessment. Biochar and compost are recommended for use in tropical soils, and surface application may be beneficial to annual and perennial crops.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH SUB DAS AIR BATANANG DAS SUMPUR KECAMATAN BATIPUH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Amrizal Saidi ◽  
Al Asfhihani Elnita
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Bulk Volume

Excessive utilization of natural resource by human being will affect the sustainability of agriculture, land and environment.  This is due to degradation of soil physical properties in the area.  A research about study of soil physical properties had been taken out in a sub-sub watershed Batanang of Sumpur watershed, Batipuh, Tanah Datar Regency, in West Sumatra.  The research was conducted by surveying the area in 2006.  Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken in different land units.  Then, soil samples were analysed at soil laboratory, Agriculture College, Andalas University Padang.  The result showed that all of land units in this sub sub watersehed had the same soil texture class, that was fine clay.  The bulk volume of the soil was higher in Mixed woodland unit than those in forest land units.  Permeability value of the soil was higher at forest from all degrees of slope than that at mixed woodland, even though soil organic matter content of mixed woodland unit higher than that at forest with 25-45% slope.Keywords: Sub watershed (DAS), forest,  land unit, soil physical properties

Optimising methods for the recovery and quantification of di- and tripeptides in soil

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Jämtgård ◽  
Nicole Robinson ◽  
Thomas Moritz ◽  
Michelle L. Colgrave ◽  
Susanne Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

Di- and tripeptides are intermediaries in the nitrogen cycle and are likely to have roles in the soil–microbe–plant continuum, but they have hitherto been difficult to measure in soils. To lay the base for future studies of oligopeptides in soil, we added 10 known di- and tripeptides with diverse chemical properties to forest and agricultural soils and then recovered the peptides by means of induced diffusive fluxes using microdialysis, a minimally-intrusive soil sampling technique. The concentration of the peptides recovered with the probes was 25–39% (relative recovery) of the concentration in the external solution, and followed the same trend as previously observed for amino acids, with smaller peptides (e.g. Gly-Gly) recovered at a higher rate than larger ones (e.g. Tyr-Phe). After derivatisation with AccQ-Tag™, a standard method for amino acids, peptides were analysed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to quantify specific peptides with a short run time of 15 min and a detection limit of 0.01–0.02 pmol injected (0.005–0.01 pmol µL–1) for the different peptides. This methodology allowed successful analysis of all standard di- and tripeptides tested here. We conclude that microdialysis in combination with UHPLC-MS will allow measurement of plant-relevant fluxes of di- and tripeptides in undisturbed soil.

scholarly journals Changes in the physico-chemical properties of topsoil in a landslide-affected area (western part of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona BĂLC ◽  
Carmen ROBA ◽  
Gheorghe ROSIAN ◽  
Dan COSTIN ◽  
Csaba HORVATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Physico Chemical

Landslides determine increases and decreases in specific soil compounds which is affecting soil fertility. The recovery of soil fertility is a long process and may be used as an indicator of the landslide age and can contribute to the management plan of the affected area. In order to add to data about soil properties affected by landslides, the current study focuses on a young and shallow landslide from the western part of the Transylvanian Depression. Soil samples were analysed from a physico-chemical point of view (pH, organic matter – OM, total organic carbon – TOC, major cations, and iron content) in two places, at between 0 and 60 cm depth (inside and outside the landslide). The results obtained showed lower values of pH inside the landslide, low values of TOC and rock fragments in both places studied (inside and outside the landslide) and no differences in soil texture between disturbed and undisturbed soil. The ammonium, magnesium and calcium content was higher outside the landslide, the sodium level was slightly higher outside the landslide, while the potassium concentration was higher inside the landslide. This study offers new data regarding recovery of soil fertility and highlights the importance of gaining knowledge on soil properties of relevance to future measures to increase the fertility of agricultural soils.

scholarly journals A Homogeneity Test for Comparing Gridded-Spatial-Point Patterns of Human Caused Fires

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
M. Alba-Fernández ◽  
Francisco Ariza-López
Keyword(s):  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Space Filling Curve ◽  
Statistical Homogeneity ◽  
Point Patterns ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Patterns ◽  
The One

The statistical evaluation of the spatial similarity of human caused fire patterns is an important issue for wildland fire analysis. This paper proposes a method based on observed data and on a statistical tool (homogeneity test) that is based on non-explicit spatial distribution hypothesis for the human caused fire events. If a tessellation coming from a space filling curve is superimposed on the spatial point patterns, and a linearization mechanism applied, the statistical problem of testing the similarity between the spatial point patterns is equivalent to the one of testing the homogeneity between the two multinomial distributions obtained by modeling the proportions of cases on each cell of the tessellation. This way of comparing spatial point patterns is free of any hypothesis on any spatial point process. Because data are spatially over-dispersed, the existence of many cells of the grid without any count is a problem for classical statistical homogeneity tests. Our work overcomes this problem by applying specific test statistics based on the square Hellinger distance. Simulations and actual data are used in order to tune the process and to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposal. Results indicate that a new and robust method for comparing spatial point patterns of human caused fires is available.

scholarly journals Geological Characteristics of Close Geographical Related Vineyards Influence Microbiomes of Two Soil Depth Profiles With Potential Impacts on Wine Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Loredana Moffa ◽  
Gaetano Giudice ◽  
Alessandra Giorgianni ◽  
Diego Tomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background The role of soil microbiomes in agriculture is now becoming more and more important, leading to definition of plants as complex organisms formed by the plant itself plus the microbes inhabiting its tissues, the surface of every organ and the ones living adhered or in proximity of the roots. In this context it is important to define the factors able to influence the composition of such microbial communities. In addition, as already demonstrated, the microbial community associated to a specific soil is able to predetermine the health status of the crops in the future. For this reason, we decided to investigate how the soil geological characteristics can influence the microbial community associated to the close geographical related vineyard.Results We decided to analyse a calcarenitic and a marly-limestone soil which are both typical of the viticulture in the Menfi area (Sicily, Italy). Moreover, since vineyard is a semi-anthropic environment we decided to investigate both the top (10-20 cm) and deep (120 cm) soil layers as anthropic influenced and almost-undisturbed soil respectively. Interestingly we observed that, despite the close geographical proximity, the soil microbiomes were slightly different and that in addition, the soil geological characteristics are able to influence the root distribution and the accumulation of both pathogen- and symbiont-related genera. Furthermore, sensory profiles of the Grillo wines obtained from the two different soils confirmed the tight link between soil origin and wine traits.Conclusions In contrast to what observed in other works we pointed out that the geological characteristics of soils can have an important influence on soil microbial composition and assemblage in close geographical related vineyards, with a potential effect on wine features. Furthermore, defining the microbial composition of agricultural soils it’s a crucial step to achieve a more sustainable agriculture and viticulture. In this optic, the observed link between the geological characteristics and the microbiome profiles need to be taken into account when considering a soil for the successful establishment low chemical input agriculture practices.The SRA accession numbers of the NGS reported in this paper are deposited in NCBI under the BioProject PRJNA655455; BioSample SAMN15735114 and SAMN15735115; SRA accession SRR12436974 and SRR12436973

MINERALOGY OF SURFACE SOIL SAMPLES OF SOME QUEBEC SOILS WITH REFERENCE TO K STATUS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. AL-KANANI ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE ◽  
G. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Silicates ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Surface samples of five Quebec soils (St. Bernard, Ormstown, Howick, Dalhousie and Bearbrook) were selected to represent typical agricultural soils with a range of parent material. Soil minerals were fractionated by size into five separates and examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and chemical analyses. In nearly all cases the non-clay separates (250–2.0 μm) contained feldspars, amphiboles and quartz as dominant minerals with only small amounts of layer silicates. Feldspars, amphiboles and quartz were also relatively abundant in the clay separates. The layer silicates in the clay separates consisted mainly of mica, chlorite and vermiculite. The soils had similar mineral suites, considered indicative of a low degree of weathering. Considering the mineral composition and the low degree of weathering, it is proposed that primary K-bearing minerals, including K-feldspars, are important sources of K in these soils. Key words: K release, particle size, soil mineralogy

Clay mineralogy effects on sodium fluoride pH of non-allophanic tropical soils

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Alves ◽  
A. Lavorenti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Soil Weathering

Soil pH measured in 1 m NaF (pHNaF) can be a useful tool for soil classification and to provide better advice on the chemical management of agricultural soils in the tropics. In this study, we verified the effects of clay mineralogy on pHNaF values of non-allophanic soils of São Paulo State, Brazil. Fourteen subsurface soil samples were characterised for chemical properties, clay content, clay mineralogy, and for pHNaF values, which were measured in the whole soil and in both natural and deferrified (dithionite-treated) clay fractions. Regression and correlation analyses showed that both ammonium-oxalate-extractable Al (Alo) and gibbsite contents have positive relationships with both clay and soil pHNaF values. On the other hand, kaolinite is inversely related to the pHNaF measured in the clay and has nonsignificant effect on soil pHNaF. X-ray diffraction patterns of dithionite-treated clays did not show disruption of kaolinite or gibbsite after the treatment with 1 m NaF, suggesting that the displacement of surface OH groups by F– seems to be the main mechanism associated with the pH increase verified in the NaF solution after its contact with the deferrified clay fraction. The smaller influence of hematite on pHNaF seems to be due to its correlation to Alo. Goethite and ammonium-oxalate-extractable Fe (Feo) exert no effect on pHNaF. Finally, the relationships observed in the present study strongly suggest that pHNaF values <10.3 measured in non-allophanic kaolinitic soils with low levels of non-humified organic matter are essentially due to their smaller Alo and gibbsite contents, which agrees with the direct correlation verified between pHNaF and soil weathering degree.

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