Optimising methods for the recovery and quantification of di- and tripeptides in soil

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Jämtgård ◽  
Nicole Robinson ◽  
Thomas Moritz ◽  
Michelle L. Colgrave ◽  
Susanne Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

Di- and tripeptides are intermediaries in the nitrogen cycle and are likely to have roles in the soil–microbe–plant continuum, but they have hitherto been difficult to measure in soils. To lay the base for future studies of oligopeptides in soil, we added 10 known di- and tripeptides with diverse chemical properties to forest and agricultural soils and then recovered the peptides by means of induced diffusive fluxes using microdialysis, a minimally-intrusive soil sampling technique. The concentration of the peptides recovered with the probes was 25–39% (relative recovery) of the concentration in the external solution, and followed the same trend as previously observed for amino acids, with smaller peptides (e.g. Gly-Gly) recovered at a higher rate than larger ones (e.g. Tyr-Phe). After derivatisation with AccQ-Tag™, a standard method for amino acids, peptides were analysed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to quantify specific peptides with a short run time of 15 min and a detection limit of 0.01–0.02 pmol injected (0.005–0.01 pmol µL–1) for the different peptides. This methodology allowed successful analysis of all standard di- and tripeptides tested here. We conclude that microdialysis in combination with UHPLC-MS will allow measurement of plant-relevant fluxes of di- and tripeptides in undisturbed soil.

scholarly journals Analysis of amino acids in human tears by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (63) ◽  
pp. 36539-36545
Author(s):  
Chi-Xin Du ◽  
Zhu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Amino acids in human tears play certain physiological roles and their determination is challenging due to complicated chemical properties.

scholarly journals Changes in the physico-chemical properties of topsoil in a landslide-affected area (western part of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona BĂLC ◽  
Carmen ROBA ◽  
Gheorghe ROSIAN ◽  
Dan COSTIN ◽  
Csaba HORVATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Physico Chemical

Landslides determine increases and decreases in specific soil compounds which is affecting soil fertility. The recovery of soil fertility is a long process and may be used as an indicator of the landslide age and can contribute to the management plan of the affected area. In order to add to data about soil properties affected by landslides, the current study focuses on a young and shallow landslide from the western part of the Transylvanian Depression. Soil samples were analysed from a physico-chemical point of view (pH, organic matter – OM, total organic carbon – TOC, major cations, and iron content) in two places, at between 0 and 60 cm depth (inside and outside the landslide). The results obtained showed lower values of pH inside the landslide, low values of TOC and rock fragments in both places studied (inside and outside the landslide) and no differences in soil texture between disturbed and undisturbed soil. The ammonium, magnesium and calcium content was higher outside the landslide, the sodium level was slightly higher outside the landslide, while the potassium concentration was higher inside the landslide. This study offers new data regarding recovery of soil fertility and highlights the importance of gaining knowledge on soil properties of relevance to future measures to increase the fertility of agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Na-Rae Choi ◽  
Yong-Jun Yoon ◽  
Ki-Tae Park ◽  
Ki-Ae Kim ◽  
Yong-Pyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Concentrations

The quantification and identification of saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can provide useful information for determining the contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of the aerosol. However, individual saccharide compounds in pristine marine aerosols that exist in trace amounts are difficult to analyze due to their low concentrations. Thus, in this study, we applied gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to analyze the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples, and the results were compared with those of conventional GC-MS. To investigate the chemical properties of pristine marine aerosols, 12 PM2.5 samples were collected while aboard Araon, an ice-breaking research vessel (IBRV), as it sailed from Incheon, South Korea to Antarctica. The method detection limits of GC-MS/MS for 10 saccharides were 2–22-fold lower than those of GC-MS. Consequently, the advantages of GC-MS/MS include (1) more distinct peak separations, enabling the accurate identification of the target saccharides and (2) the quantification of all individual saccharide compounds with concentrations outside the quantifiable range of GC-MS. Accordingly, the time resolution for sampling saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can be improved with GC-MS/MS.

The challenge of detecting modifications on proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Smith ◽  
Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Common

Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are integral to the regulation of protein function, characterising their role in this process is vital to understanding how cells work in both healthy and diseased states. Mass spectrometry (MS) facilitates the mass determination and sequencing of peptides, and thereby also the detection of site-specific PTMs. However, numerous challenges in this field continue to persist. The diverse chemical properties, low abundance, labile nature and instability of many PTMs, in combination with the more practical issues of compatibility with MS and bioinformatics challenges, contribute to the arduous nature of their analysis. In this review, we present an overview of the established MS-based approaches for analysing PTMs and the common complications associated with their investigation, including examples of specific challenges focusing on phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and redox modifications.

Compressive response of some agricultural soils influenced by the mineralogy and moisture

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajayi ◽  
M.S. Dias Junior ◽  
N. Curi ◽  
I. Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Statistical Homogeneity ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
Fine Clay

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mineralogy, moisture retention, and the compressive response of two agricultural soils from South West Nigeria. Undisturbed soil cores at the A and B horizons were collected and used in chemical and hydrophysical characterization and confined compression test. X-ray diffractograms of oriented fine clay fractions were also obtained. Our results indicate the prevalence of kaolinite minerals relating to the weathering process in these tropical soils. Moisture retention by the core samples was typically low with pre-compression stress values ranging from50 to 300 kPa at both sites. Analyses of the shape of the compression curves highlight the influence of soil moisture in shifts from the bi-linear to S-shaped models. Statistical homogeneity test of the load bearing capacity parameters showed that the soil mineralogy influences the response to loading by these soils. These observations provide a physical basis for the previous classification series of the soils in the studied area. We showed that the internal strength attributes of the soil could be inferred from the mineralogical properties and stress history. This could assist in decisions on sustainable mechanization in a datapoor environment.

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF EINKORN HUSKLESS IN THE SECOND, THIRD AND SEVENTH RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
S. K. Temirbekova ◽  
M. Sh. Begeulov ◽  
Yu. V. Afanaseva ◽  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
N. E. Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Biochemical, immunological and physico-chemical properties of an ancient wheat grain – hulless spelt cultivar Gremme are investigated. Biochemical analysis of grain revealed a high content of protein, fiber, macro-and microelements, a rich composition of essential amino acids, which is characteristic of ancient wheat species. Evaluated milling and baking properties of spelt flour. Physical and chemical parameters of spelt grain met the requirements for soft wheat grain class 1: the mass fraction of gluten-38.7 %, the nature of the grain-795 g / l, the number of drops-416 C, the total vitreousness-70 %. However, gluten had an increased stickiness, which is obviously due to the increased content of fiber and gliadin fraction. Grinding of spelt grain was carried out on the aggregate mill installation "Miller 100 Lux" to obtain baking flour of various cultivars. The overall yield of flour of the first grinding was 59.7 %. The highest volume yield (359 cm3) and the best organoleptic properties (total baking score – 3.6 points) were observed in a sample of bread baked from spelt flour that meets the requirements for wheat baking flour of the first grade. Studies have confirmed the possibility of using flour produced from the spelt grain of the Gremme variety for the production of bakery products of increased biological, therapeutic and prophylactic, nutritional value and with a high organoleptic rating. Cereals and flour are very rich in trace elements-manganese, selenium, zinc, potassium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins from group B and B, essential amino acids (biochemical analysis was carried out by the Cherkizovo Center). The cultivar is resistant to drought, heat, excessive moisture. Proved immunological properties to several diseases in the field and laboratory conditions-resistant to enzyme-mycotic seed depletion (EMIS), various types of rust, powdery mildew.

Studies on Chromatographic Fractioning by Cations Exchangers of a Bovine Hemoglobin Hydrolysate

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2794-2798
Author(s):  
Alina Diana Panainte ◽  
Ionela Daniela Morariu ◽  
Nela Bibire ◽  
Madalina Vieriu ◽  
Gladiola Tantaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Bovine Hemoglobin ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Hplc System ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phase Column

A peptidic hydrolysate has been obtained through hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin using pepsin. The fractioning of the hydrolysate was performed on a column packed with CM-Sepharose Fast Flow. The hydrolysate and each fraction was filtered and then injected into a HPLC system equipped with a Vydak C4 reverse phase column (0.46 x 25 cm), suitable for the chromatographic separation of large peptides with 20 to 30 amino acids. The detection was done using mass spectrometry, and the retention time, size and distribution of the peptides were determined.

A Novel Simultaneous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry after Protein Precipitation Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 710-715
Author(s):  
S.T. Narenderan ◽  
Basuvan Babu ◽  
T. Gokul ◽  
Subramania Nainar Meyyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric

Objective: The aim of the present work is to achieve a novel highly sensitive chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of hepatitis C agents, sofosbuvir and velpatasvir from human plasma using ritonavir as an internal standard. Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved using Hypersil C18 column (50mm x 4.6mm, 3μm) with an isocratic elution mode using the mobile phase composition 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 5.0): acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was carried out by tandem mass spectrometry using Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) positive Electrospray Ionization (ESI) with proton adducts at m/z 530.10 > 243.10, 883.40 > 114.0 and 721.25 > 197.0. Results: The method validated as per USFDA guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, and precision was found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 0.2–2000 ng/ml and 5-2000 ng/ml for sofosbuvir and velpatasvir respectively and the method was found to be highly sensitive and selective. Conclusion: The developed tandem mass spectrometric method is robust and can be applied for the monitoring of plasma levels of the analyzed drug in preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies.

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