scholarly journals Features of Formation and Use of Production Resources by Small Farms in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Olga Myronivna Varchenko ◽  
Kateryna Vitalyivna Tkachenko ◽  
Valentyna Anatolyivna Byba ◽  
Nadiia Ivanivna Svynous
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Coefficient Of Elasticity ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Allocative Inefficiency ◽  
Production Resources ◽  
Production Resource

Abstract It is proved that the effective development of small farms is ensured by the level of their resource supply and the balance of production resources, the efficiency of which we have been carried out on the basis of the calculation of allocative and technical efficiency. According to the obtained equation of production function, we conclude that the most elastic factor is the cost of seeds, fertilizers, feed and other material costs. An increase of this resource by 1% will lead to an increase in the result by 0.395%. The smallest value of the coefficient of elasticity was obtained from such production resource as arable land. The obtained model shows that there is a decreasing effect on the scale, since the sum of the regression coefficients is less than 1 (equal to 0.962), which means that if the resources increase in some proportion, then the volumes of revenue increase in a smaller proportion. It is substantiated that allocative inefficiency is caused not by the excessive use of resources in small farms, but by the higher prices for them and the underestimated agricultural output.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

Comprehensive study of the geological structure Verkhneyakovlev deposits of the Tagul field in the process of justifications for operational drilling

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
A. S. Titenkov ◽  
Yu. N. Utyashev ◽  
A. A. Evdoshchuk ◽  
V. A. Belkina ◽  
D. V. Grandov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Complex Geological Structure ◽  
Well Correlation ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Available Information

Currently, most of the fields being put into development are characterized by a complex geological structure, both in terms of section and in terms of plan. The solution of all geological tasks, including such important ones as the preparation of exploration projects, operation and effective development management, is impossible without creating models that reflect the main features of the variability of target parameters. The construction of adequate models of objects with a complex structure requires the involvement of all available information. The accuracy of the geological model is mostly determined by the accuracy of the well correlation. Paleosols are a new marker for the complex-built layers of the VAk-2 and VAk-3(1) of the Tagul field, which contributes to the validity of the correlation of the section of these layers. The reliability of the model was also improved by the use of the results of facies analysis. This analysis showed that the sedimentation of the studied objects includes channel and floodplain facies. Reservoir rock properties of these facies differ significantly. The updated model is characterized by a reduction in the oil-bearing area and the amount of reserves. The implementation of the model will optimize the project fund of wells and reduce the cost of well intervention. Economically, this means reducing capital costs and increasing the profitability of the project.

scholarly journals Proposal of resources optimization in the hospital treatment of heart failure by an increased utilization of cardiac rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Diaco ◽  
Geremia Milanesi ◽  
Daniela Zaniboni ◽  
Massimo Gritti ◽  
Gianna Zavatteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Acute Patient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Acute Patients

weight on social cost. An improved resources utilization could promote a reduction of the new hospitalization and a of medical costs. Working hypotesis: To analyze a model of increased utilization of our Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) Unit, aiming at improving the cost/profit ratio through a better use of resources and a better assignment of care. With a reduction of average length of stay in the Operative Units for acute patients, we could promote a demand of post-acute hospitalization of 950.7 days of hospitalization that could be assigned to Cardiologic Rehabilitation Unit. Results: With the transfer of patients the utilization rate of CR would increase to 97%. With a mean period in bed of 15.3 days we could hospitalize 62 additional patients and the total margin of contribution would became positive: 69.817 euro. The break even analysis applied to costs and returns of the Unit shows a further indication to increase the hospitalization number in CR Unit with patients transfered from acute patient units. Under the same costs the recovery of efficiency leads to a reduction of variable costs. In the same time there is an increase of returns due to an increase of mean value for case and an increase of services. Conclusion: The increase in the efficiency in the utilization of CR Unit leads to an increase of the Hospital efficiency. The transfer of patients from acute units to CR Unit would allow an increased hospitalization rate for acute patients without requiring additional resources.

scholarly journals Development of strategy for development of machine-building enterprises of Kharkiv region

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Building Enterprises

The article determines that the machine-building enterprises of the Kharkiv region, which in recent years have undergone structural changes, have been affected by the development of information technology at enterprises, dramatically changing the conditions of enterprises. This forces enterprises to look for effective development strategies aimed not only at implementing their social functions, but also at increasing the degree of their independence and economic independence. Despite the significant scientific achievements of strategy theory and modeling of management processes, it should be noted that some of their important aspects remain underdeveloped. Thus, most theories of strategy go beyond its understanding as a means of maintaining competitive advantage, leaving uncertain questions about the activities of the monopolist. Accordingly, there is no holistic scientific concept of the strategy of development of machine-building enterprises. Kharkiv region is one of the leaders in domestic machine building, Kharkiv region enterprises account for 11.5% of the volume of machine building products of Ukraine, which brought the region to the 2nd position among the regions (after Zaporizhia region). In January-November 2020, machine-building enterprises sold products worth UAH 17.4 billion, which is 11.2% of industrial sales. With this in mind, state-owned machine-building enterprises will have to build their own management strategy taking into account the modern requirements of socio-economic development. It is believed that the underdeveloped system of corporate governance is one of the main reasons for the low efficiency of public entities. Defects in corporate governance lead to: - distortion of information due to the low level of transparency of business entities; - the emergence of a conflict of interest of management and the subjects of management of state property, due to the non-transparent process of appointment of management and inefficient remuneration system; - Lack of corporate governance structures such as supervisory boards and independent directors, who should effectively supervise the activities of business entities; - inconsistencies between the goals set for business entities and the lack of a clear distinction between commercial and non-commercial (socio-political) functions of business entities. This fully applies to state-owned machine-building enterprises. After all, in modern conditions, these enterprises function as government units. In the conditions of transformation of the domestic market of the machine-building enterprises the use of resources uniting the software of foreign manufacturers with domestic becomes important. Therefore, the formation of enterprise development strategy is inextricably linked with modeling the behavior of certain models with specified parameters for further effective operation of the system as a whole.

scholarly journals The Application of Material Flow Cost Accounting in Waste Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaio Huang ◽  
An Chiu ◽  
Po Chao ◽  
Ni Wang
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Due to the rise in environmental awareness, corporate companies have shifted their focus from an obsession with short-term profits to contemplating long-term strategies to achieve sustainable management. Effective use of resources is the primary indicator of this achievement. Fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and thinking beyond the regulatory aspects of corporate sustainable management are goals that have continually attracted attention worldwide. Material flow cost accounting based on ISO 14051, which was announced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is a tool that can be used to achieve a balance between the environment and economy. We focused on using ISO 14051-based material flow cost accounting as an analytical evaluation tool from the perspectives of finance and accounting personnel. We conducted a case study on a flat-panel parts supplier to determine whether the efficient use of recycled glass could reduce company costs. The primary finding is that the film layer on recycled washed glass tends to be stripped during the production process, causing increased reprocessing costs and thus rendering the cost of renewable cleaning higher than that of reworking. This study revealed that the ISO 14051-based material flow cost accounting analysis constitutes a valuable management tool, thereby facilitating the promotion of sustainable development.

Towards appropriate nutritional prescribing: challenges and solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Product Pricing ◽  
Appropriate Prescribing ◽  
Public Health Message ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

The appropriate prescribing of nutritional supplements is coming under increasing scrutiny due to rising costs, workforce challenges, and a product pricing model that does not meet the needs of the healthcare economy. Data show that, whilst the number of items being prescribed is marginally decreasing, the cost of these items is increasing, and the assumption that all patients discharged on nutritional borderline substances from hospital have been assessed by a dietitian cannot be made. Standards of communication are highly variable but, with increasing knowledge about best practice and digitalisation, improvements are being made. There is a disparity between adequate knowledge of nutrition, prescribing, and best use of resources to effectively manage patient-centred care and costs. A number of strategies are being trialled to improve education and the utilisation of the right workforce. The need for a clear public health message on the importance of maintaining weight in older age is essential to ensure nutritional borderline substances are appropriately used.

scholarly journals Barriers to exit encountered by small farms in light of the theory of new institutional economics

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satola Lukasz ◽  
Wojewodzic Tomasz ◽  
Sroka Wojciech
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Production Resources

For at least 25 years, processes involving structural changes have been growing more and more intense in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with these processes including a decline in the number of small farms. The main aim of this paper is to present the mechanisms involved in, as well as barriers to and costs preventing the exit of farms from agriculture, including those that make it difficult to transfer production resources which are being released to other companies. This research takes the form of an overview and is based on the output of new institutional economics, and on transaction cost and rent-seeking theories in particular. The most frequent difficulties encountered in the process of exit from farming include low profitability of production and the shortage of capital among potential buyers, while the lack of sellers’ financial resources and the necessity of incurring expenses related to preparing and finalising the sale of resources held by them (the actual transaction costs related to closing down farms) are frequently overlooked. The most important barriers preventing the complete liquidation of farms are the inherent transaction costs categorised as expenses, as well as the emotional costs and costs of alternatives, which are difficult to evaluate and estimate. The following notions are particularly helpful in explaining barriers to exit from farming: the concept of transaction costs and rent-seeking theory, which are both a part of the stream of thought of new institutional economics.

scholarly journals How to assess the value of low-value care

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Sacristán
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
True Value ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Many of the strategies designed to reduce “low-value care” have been implemented without a consensus on the definition of the term “value”. Most “low value care” lists are based on the comparative effectiveness of the interventions. Main text Defining the value of an intervention based on its effectiveness may generate an inefficient use of resources, as a very effective intervention is not necessarily an efficient intervention, and a low effective intervention is not always an inefficient intervention. The cost-effectiveness plane may help to differentiate between high and low value care interventions. Reducing low value care should include three complementary strategies: eliminating ineffective interventions that entail a cost; eliminating interventions whose cost is higher and whose effectiveness is lower than that of other options (quadrant IV); and eliminating interventions whose incremental or decremental cost-effectiveness is unacceptable in quadrants I and III, respectively. Defining low-value care according to the efficiency of the interventions, ideally at the level of subgroups and individuals, will contribute to develop true value-based health care systems. Conclusion Cost-effectiveness rather than effectiveness should be the main criterion to assess the value of health care services and interventions. Payment-for-value strategies should be based on the definition of high and low value provided by the cost-effectiveness plane.

scholarly journals Analysis of Economic Indicators of Complex Production Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Korneev A.M ◽  
Abdullakh L.S
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Model ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Production Resources

The article describes the methodology for describing the economic indicators of management effectiveness and decision-making under conditions of complex multi-stage productions. The algorithm and the forecast model of the need for production resources are presented, that allow providing more complete information on costs and help in pricing for various products, significantly reducing the response time to economic and technological situation changes. Characteristics of technology parameters are linked to a multi-stage production process. As the semi-finished product passes through the processing stages, the values of the technological factors are fixed. Methods for estimating the influence of parameters of complex spatially-distributed systems on costs are presented. Important elements of costs that affect the product value are determined. Detailing the cost elements for the technological operations under study is carried out, the boundaries, where the largest amount of resources is spent, are determined. 

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce the risk of healthcare-acquired infections in middle-income countries: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Pushpa Udayangani Gamalathge ◽  
Sanjeewa Kularatna ◽  
Hannah E Carter ◽  
Sameera Senanayake ◽  
Nicholous Graves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) contribute to prolonged hospital stays and account for a substantial economic burden to healthcare systems. Middle-income countries (MICs) experience a greater burden of HAI than developed countries. Evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce HAI is required to inform decision-making in these settings. Aim: To synthesise the evidence on cost-effectiveness as related to HAI interventions in MICs and to assess the quality of this evidence. Methods: A systematic review of published literature on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce the incidence of HAI in MICs between 2000 and 2018 was conducted. Results: Six studies met the pre-determined inclusion criteria. The studies were from three countries: Thailand; India; and Vietnam. The evidence suggests that interventions to reduce HAI are cost-effective and, in most cases, cost-saving to healthcare systems. The quality of the reporting varied across studies. Conclusions: The implementation of HAI prevention interventions appears to be a high value use of resources in MICs. There is a need for further cost-effectiveness analyses in a wider range of MICs in order to confirm these findings. Improved standardisation and quality of reporting is required.

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