scholarly journals In the Tortuous Shadows of Ethnic Policies: Two Case Studies of Chinese Cultural Heritage in Indonesia and Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Voss

Abstract Concurrent with the inception of the nation states of Indonesia and Malaysia in the middle of the twentieth century, ethnic policies were put into practice to destroy the Chinese cultural heritage that had hitherto been regarded as a vital part of the region’s heterogeneous cultural landscapes. Chinese language, organisations, and religious practices were banned, and architecture and artefacts with Chinese symbols or insignia either looted or destroyed. To what extent have these discriminatory agendas further influenced and shaped contemporary Chinese cultural heritage discourse? To answer this question this article starts with an introduction to the anti-Chinese agenda from Independence onwards, which is followed by two case studies from the field of cultural heritage: the organisation Boen Hian Tong in Semarang on Java in Indonesia, and the NGO Penang Heritage Trust in Malaysia. The research is based on fieldwork carried out in Indonesia and Malaysia in 2014–2015.

Author(s):  
Carol Ludwig ◽  
Yi-Wen Wang

This chapter examines the selective usage of history, relics and practice to reconstruct specific versions of the past. The open-air Beamish Museum in Durham, UK and the historical theme parks in Hangzhou and Kaifeng, China are used as comparative case studies to unpack first, how ‘heritage’ is conceptualised in each context, and second, how particular versions of the past are selected, (re)invented, disseminated and consumed for contemporary purposes. Set within a theoretical framework of ‘living heritage’ and an analytical framework of the overlapping themes of authenticity, identity and national pride, tourism and education, the chapter examines the different ways in which the appropriation of cultural heritage takes place at each site. In doing so, we draw attention to the disparate interpretations of conservation practice and the idea of ‘living heritage’ in the UK and China and debate their continued relevance in the contemporary heritage discourse.


Author(s):  
Melissa F. Baird

This chapter examines the environmental contexts of cultural landscapes in Mongolia (climate change) and coastal sites in Alaska (oil spill) to show how landscapes intersect with environmental concerns and contexts. The case studies are placed within the larger debates surrounding the research and management of Indigenous heritage and the sociopolitical contexts and implications of heritage practices in environmental contexts to argue that the political contexts of heritage landscapes are often not identified within debates on sustainable development. The chapter demonstrates how ideas of sustainability, wilderness, and nature are central to how ideas of place are established, and urges that cultural heritage hold a more prominent position in ongoing debates.


Author(s):  
Chris Urwin ◽  
Matthew Spriggs

Most histories of Australian archaeology written in the past three decades imagine that the discipline came of age in (approximately) the year 1960. We are led to believe that systematic archaeological research, nuanced interpretations, and advocacy for the conservation of Aboriginal cultural heritage all date to the post-1960 era. Yet archaeological research in Australia has a lengthier and more complex genealogy. Here we use a series of case studies to explore the gradual development of the discipline during the twentieth century. We unpack key moments and projects during the early to mid-twentieth century and examine the extent to which the so-called professional archaeologists of the 1960s overlapped with and depended on the work of “amateur” scholars. We conclude by suggesting that the period of most rapid and significant change in archaeological thought and practice was precipitated by Aboriginal activism leading up to the 1980s. Australia’s First Peoples demanded control of research into their cultural heritage, a project that continues today. Our discipline must encourage a culture of reflexivity on its current practices by coming to terms with—rather than silencing—its history, whether good, bad, or ugly.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Sergiy Sannikov

SummaryThis book explores changes in the Orthodox Churches of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe as they came into contact with rapid changes in the modern world. Religious renewal movements among Orthodox believers appeared almost simultaneously in different areas of Eastern Europe at the end of the nineteenth and during the first decades of the twentieth century. The contributors examine these movements and the case studies include the ‘God Worshippers’ in Serbia, religious fraternities in Bulgaria, the ‘Zoe movement’ in Greece, the evangelical movement among Romanian Orthodox believers known as ‘Oastea Domnului’ (The Lord’s Army), the Doukhobors in Russia and the ‘Maliovantsy’ in Ukraine. The authors provide a new understanding of processes as well as various influences such as non-Orthodox traditions, charismatic leaders, new religious practices and rituals.ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Buch erforscht Veränderungen in den orthodoxen Kirchen Ost- und Südosteuropas, die durch deren Kontakt mit der schnelllebigen Welt der Moderne und ihren Veränderungen entstanden sind. Geistliche Erneuerungsbewegungen unter orthodoxen Gläubigen traten nahezu gleichzeitig in verschiedenen Regionen Osteuropas zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und während der ersten beiden Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts auf. Die Autoren analysieren diese Erneuerungsbewegungen; ihre Fallstudien beinhalten die ,,Gottesanbeter“ in Serbien, religiöse Bruderschaften in Bulgarien, die ,,Zoe Bewegung“ in Griechenland, die evangelikale Bewegung unter rumänisch- orthodoxen Gläubigen, bekannt unter dem Namen ,,Oastea Domnului” (Armee des Herrn), die “Duchoboren” (,,Geisteskämpfer”) in Russland und die “Maliovantsy” (Stundisten) in der Ukraine. Die Verfasser eröffnen ein neues Verständnis von Entwicklungsprozessen und unterschiedlichen Einflüssen, wie nicht-orthodoxe Traditionen, charismatische Führungspersönlichkeiten, neue religiöse Praktiken und Rituale.RésuméCet ouvrage considère les changements qui se sont produits dans les Églises orthodoxes de l’Europe de l’est et du sudest, suite à leur entrée en contact avec les rapides changements auxquels on a assisté dans le monde moderne. Des mouvements de renouveau religieux parmi les croyants orthodoxes sont apparus presque simultanément dans différentes parties d’Europe de l’est à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle et au cours des premières décennies du vingtième siècle. Les auteurs traitent de ces mouvements de renouveau et présentent des études de cas comme « les adorateurs de Dieu » en Serbie, les fraternités religieuses en Bulgarie, le « mouvement Zoé » en Grèce, le mouvement évangélique parmi les croyants orthodoxes roumains qui se nomme « Oastea Domnului » (« l’Armée du Seigneur »), les Doukhobors en Russie et les « Maliovantsy » en Ukraine. Les auteurs apportent un nouvel éclairage sur les facteurs et influences diverses à l’oeuvre, tels que les traditions autres que l’orthodoxie, les dirigeants charismatiques, les nouvelles pratiques religieuses et les nouveaux rituels.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Podhalański ◽  
Anna Połtowicz

Abstract The article discusses a project that features the relocation of the historic Atelier building, built by Krakow-based architect Wandalin Beringer (1839–1923) who was active in the early twentieth century, and the regeneration of a plot belonging to the Congregation of the Resurrection since 1885, which is located at 12 Łobzowska Street in Krakow. The method includes cutting the entire structure off at the foundation and then after reinforcing it with a steel structure transporting it in its entirety to the new location. The project included two possible variants of moving the building in a straight line, either by 21 or 59 metres and evaluates two projects of further regeneration, the adaptive reuse of the building as an exhibition and religious space as well as a proposal for the remodelling of the nearby plot that belongs to the Congregation into a space for meditation and as a recreational park. The aim of these measures is to prevent the demolition of this building, now over a century old, as a result of which a forgotten element of the cultural heritage of the city will be saved. This project was based on the results of analyses of the cultural and historical conditions of Krakow. The block of buildings in which the Atelier in question is located is a very attractive location, near to the very centre of Krakow, adjacent to residential, service and educational buildings. It is directly adjacent to the Monastery Complex of the Congregation of the Resurrection, listed as a heritage building under conservation protection (municipal registry of heritage buildings). In the second half of the twentieth century, the building was used as a workroom by artists such as Xawery Dunikowski and later by the sculptress Teodora Stasiak. The case of the Atelier may provide an inspiration for discussion as well as raising awareness among citizens and city authorities to avoid future situations in which cultural heritage may become forgotten or demolished.


ARCHALP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (N. 4 / 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio De Rossi ◽  
Laura Mascino

It hasn’t even been half a century since, in 1977, the famous book by Nuto Revelli entitled Il mondo dei vinti was published. A symbolic image, which summed up with powerful evocative efficacy the dramatic process of depopulation and dissolution of traditional Alpine societies during the twentieth century. A phenomenon that found its epicenter in the valleys of Carnia and in the south-east of France, and especially in the Piedmont’s valleys of the Cuneo area, with drop-out rates that will reach even 80-90% of the population. A little over forty years have passed by since Nuto Revelli’s book was published and since then a lot seemed to have changed. Today many prestigious and successful tourist and winter centers are experiencing a growing crisis of image and public, while the once neglected Valades ousitanes live an unprecedented season, focused on enhancing the trinomial of natural, historical, and cultural heritage. Maira Valley, Ostana in the Po Valley, Paraloup and Rittana in the Stura Valley, the upper Varaita Valley, the phenomena of rebirth are affecting all the Occitan valleys, with interesting resettlement processes that have their engine in who are defined «the new mountaineers». This renaissance of the Occitan valleys is accompanied by new forms of architecture that focus on the theme of the recovery and reuse of heritage, of dialectical confrontation with environmental and historical contexts, but without forgetting the contemporary and technological innovation.


2020 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Monika Rekowska

Cyprus and Cyrenaica, two regions strongly influenced by the Alexandrian cultural heritage, which came under the Roman rule already in the 1st century BC, are simultaneously both typical and unusual examples of acculturation understood as a mixture of Hellenistic and Roman components. This is reflected in various spheres of life, including the architecture of the houses owned by members of the urban elite which are investigated in this article. Two residential units – the House of Leukaktios at Ptolemais in Cyrenaica and the House of Orpheus at Nea Paphos in Cyprus – will be presented to discuss different attitudes towards Romanisation from the perspective of an individual as reflected by particular dwellings.


Author(s):  
Larysa Kovryk-Tokar

Every nation is quite diverse in terms of his historical destiny, spiritual priorities, and cultural heritage. However, voluntary European integration, which is the final aim of political integration that began in the second half of the twentieth century from Western Europe, provided for an availability of large number of characteristics in common in political cultures of their societies. Therefore, Ukraine needs to find some common determinants that can create inextricable relationship between the European Community and Ukraine. Although Ukrainian culture is an intercultural weave of two East macrocivilizations, according to the author, Ukraine tends to Western-style society with its openness, democracy, tolerance, which constitute the basic values of Europeans. Keywords: Identity, collective identity, European values, European integration


Author(s):  
R.M. Valeev ◽  
O.D. Vasilyuk ◽  
S.A. Kirillina ◽  
A.M. Abidulin

Abstract The study of the Turkic, including Asia Minor sociopolitical, cultural and ethnolinguistic space of Eurasia is a long and significant tradition of practical, academic and university centers in Russia and Europe, including Ukraine. The Turkic, including the Ottoman political and cultural heritage played a particularly important role in the history and culture of the peoples of Russia, Ukraine and modern Turkic states. Famous states and societies of the Turkic world (Turkic Khaganates, Volga Bulgaria, Ulus Juchi, the Ottoman Empire and other states of the Middle Ages and the New Age), geographical and historical-cultural regions of the traditional residence of the Turkic peoples of the Russian and Ottoman empires and Eurasia as a whole became the object and subject of scientific studies of Russian and European orientalists Turkologists and Ottomans of the nineteenth beginning of the twentieth century.Аннотация Исследование тюркского, в том числе малоазиатского социополитического, культурного и этнолингвистического пространства Евразии является давней и значимой традицией практических, академических и университетских центров России и Европы, в том числе Украины. Особо важную роль тюркское, в том числе османское политическое и культурное наследие играло в истории и культуре народов России, Украины и современных тюркских государств. Известные государства и общества тюркского мира (Тюркские каганаты, Волжская Булгария, Улус Джучи, Османская империя и другие государства Средневековья и Нового времени), географические и историко-культурные регионы традиционного проживания тюркских народов Российской и Османской империй и в целом Евразии стали объектом и предметом научных исследований российских и европейских востоковедов тюркологов и османистов ХIХ начала ХХ в.


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