scholarly journals Peran Grenteng terhadap Kenyamanan Sirkulasi Pengunjung di Komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede Yogyakarta

INVENSI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Putri Prabu Utami
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Architectural Style

Kotagede Yogyakarta merupakan peninggalan Kerajaan Mataram di mana terdapat banyak peninggalan arkeologis seperti Watu Gilang dan sisa tembok benteng. Peninggalan kerajaan Mataram kuno Kotagede dapat dilihat di komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede. Komplek Makam Raja Mataram di Kotagede Yogyakarta memiliki gaya arsitektur Hindu. Ciri khas dari bangunan Hindu di Makam Raja Mataram identik dengan pengunaan material batu bata merah dan kapur. Komplek Makam memiliki bangunan berupa tembok pembatas yang bernama grenteng yang penempatannya berada setelah pintu gerbang yang memiliki fungsi sebagai penutup atau pembatas antara ruang dalam dengan ruang luar atau ruang sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kenyamanan sirkulasi dengan adanya peranan grenteng pada satu ruang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian gabungan, yang bergantung pada kedua bahan pustaka yang relevan serta temuan lapangan seperti observasi dan wawancara. Selanjutnya melakukan analisis data lapangan. Keberadaan grenteng yang berada tepat di tengah pintu memberikan pengaruh terhadap kenyamanan sirkulasi pengunjung. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan kenyamanan sirkulasi dengan adanya peran grenteng dapat dicapai pada satu sisi kiri baik digunakan sebagai sirkulasi masuk maupun keluar. Kenyamanan sirkulasi satu sisi pada komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede berbeda dengan bangunan yang memiliki grenteng seperti di Keraton Yogyakarta maupun makam Raja Imogiri. Kotagede Yogyakarta is a relic of the Mataram kingdom where there are many archaeological remains such as Watu Gilang and the rest of the wall of the fort. Relics of ancient kingdom of Mataram Kotagede can be seen in the complex of the tomb of King of Mataram Kotagede. Complex Tomb of King of Mataram in Kotagede Yogyakarta has a Hindu architectural style. The distinctive feature of the building at the tomb of the King of Mataram Hindu identical to the material the use of red brick and limestone. The tomb complex of buildings in the form of the parapet has named grenteng whose post is after the gate has a function as a cover or barrier between the space in the outer space or room earlier. The purpose of this study to determine the comfort of their circulation with grenteng role in one room. This study is a combination, which is dependent on both the relevant library materials as well as the findings of such field observations and interviews. Furthermore, analysis of field data. Grenteng existence which is right in the middle of the door to give effect to the comfort of the visitor circulation. The findings show comfort with their roles grenteng circulation can be achieved on the left side used as incoming and outgoing circulation. Leisure circulation of one hand on the tomb of the King of Mataram Kotagede complex of different buildings that have grenteng like in the Keraton or the tomb of King Imogiri.

Field observations on growth and development of Morchella rotunda and Mitrophora semilibera in relation to forest soil temperature

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Upper Rhine

In the upper Rhine forests, ascocarps of Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boudier and Mitrophora semilibera (DC.) Lév. develop at the expense of preexisting subterranean mycelial structures (connective mycelium and mycelial muffs) associated with higher plants. Field data correlate the initial extent of springtime reheating of soil with ascocarp maturation and suggest that mycelial muffs may be storage and resistance structures formed as early as the summer preceding the spring fruiting. This suggests morels are biennial.

Modern techniques in illustration and recording in geology

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Advances in technology have enabled new methods in the acquisition and recording of field data in geology and its presentation within publications. These techniques compliment, rather than replace, traditional field observations. This chapter describes the use of photogrammetry and aerial drone surveys in constructing three-dimensional models of geological features, which provide valuable data when combined with field notes on lithology. Digital methods in the analysis and processing of images are discussed together with methods in digital drawing and painting to produce publication-ready diagrams for Earth Science. Photographs for use in publications should be corrected to ensure optimal contrast and brightness.

Seston supply to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in suspended culture

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Pilditch ◽  
J Grant ◽  
K R Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advection Diffusion ◽  
Tidally Driven ◽  
Sea Scallops ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
The Relationship

The filtration activity of dense aggregations of bivalves can locally reduce the concentration of seston, potentially limiting production. Under these conditions, the currents that supply seston cannot offset ingestion by the bivalves and the carrying capacity is exceeded. We conducted a field and modelling study to examine factors affecting seston supply to a culture of suspended sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in Whitehaven Harbour, Nova Scotia. Even though seston flux to the scallops was reduced by 40% due to the attenuation of flow by culture gear, a reduction in seston concentration was not observed. The field data were then used to parameterize a quasi two-dimensional advection-diffusion model that quantified the relationship between the tidally driven seston supply and consumption by scallops. The model predicted a minimal reduction in seston concentration (<5%) within the lease (80 × 50 m), consistent with field observations. However, expanding the lease to occupy the area available for cultivation (1000 × 250 m) reduced the seston concentration in the centre of the lease by 20-50%, potentially limiting growth. Modelling results emphasized that by altering the lease geometry (lease width to length ratio), the supply of seston can be optimized.

scholarly journals Tinggalan Perang Dunia II Dan Konseptualisasi Museum di Morotai

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahruddin Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
World War ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Geographical Position

Morotai Island is one of the locations which left many traces of World War II in Indonesia. This suggests that Morotai Island has a strategic geographical position for the two military forces involved at the time. In this context, the legacy of World War II in Morotai has important historical value to be preserved, one of them through the establishment of a museum. This study aimed to develop appropriate thematic concept for presentation of the museum. Literature study and field observations conducted to obtain data related to the historical and archaeological remains exist in the study area. The results of this study, obtained information about the actual condition of archaeological remains exist in Morotai, as well as the formulation of the concept of thematic presentation of the exhibition. Thus, early studies of this thematic concepts can provide the storyline, so as to give weight to the information of the existing archaeological remains in the Morotai.Pulau Morotai merupakan salah satu lokasi yang banyak meninggalkan jejak Perang Dunia II di Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Morotai memiliki posisi geografis yang strategis bagi dua kekuatan militer yang terlibat saat itu. Dalam konteks inilah, peninggalan Perang Dunia II yang ada di Morotai memiliki nilai sejarah yang penting untuk dilestarikan, salah satunya melalui pendirian sebuah museum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun konsep tematik yang tepat bagi penyajian museum. Studi pustaka dan observasi lapangan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data terkait dengan sejarah dan tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di lokasi penelitian. Hasil kajian ini, diperoleh informasi tentang kondisi aktual tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di Morotai, serta rumusan tentang konsep tematik penyajian pameran. Dengan demikian, studi awal konsep tematik ini dapat memberikan alur cerita atau storyline, sehingga mampu memberikan bobot informasi tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di Morotai.

scholarly journals From Validation Statistics to Uncertainty Estimates: Application to VIIRS Ocean Color Radiometric Products at European Coastal Locations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Mélin
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
European Seas

Uncertainty estimates are needed to assess ocean color products and qualify the agreement between missions. Comparison between field observations and satellite data, a process defined as validation, has been the traditional way to assess satellite products. However validation statistics can provide only an approximation for satellite data uncertainties as field measurements have their own uncertainties and as the validation process is imperfect, comparing data potentially differing in temporal, spatial or spectral characteristics. This study describes a method to interpret in terms of uncertainties the validation statistics obtained for ocean color remote sensing reflectance RRS knowing the uncertainties associated with field data. This approach is applied to observations collected at sites part of the Ocean Color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) located in coastal regions of the European seas, and to RRS data from the VIIRS sensors on-board the SNPP and JPSS1 platforms. Similar estimates of uncertainties σVRS (term accounting for non-systematic contributions to the uncertainty budget) are obtained for both missions, decreasing with wavelength from the interval 0.8–1.4 10−3 sr−1 in the blue to a maximum of 0.24 10−3 sr−1 in the red, values that are at least twice (but up to 8 times) the uncertainties reported for the field data. These uncertainty estimates are then used to qualify the agreement between the VIIRS products, defining the extent to which they agree within their stated uncertainty. Despite significant biases between the two missions, their RRS products appear fairly compatible.

scholarly journals The Ilímaussaq batholith. A review and discussion

1958 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
H Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Metasomatic Rock ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Primary Magma ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Alkaline Rocks ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Later Phase

The Ilímaussaq batholith was examined and described in a masterly way by N.V. Ussing in the first years of this century. During the last few years, the region has been re-examined and this work is still being carried out. It is based on maps far superior to those used by Ussing. This paper is a summary of the present knowledge of the geology of the batholith. Ilímaussaq is one of many plutonic bodies in the alkaline province of South Greenland. Its formation was preceded by the accumulation of sandstone, extrusion of lavas, and block movements. The country rock consists of granite. Ussing divided the plutonic rocks of Ilímaussaq into two groups: 1) the unstratified complex made up of fairly normal rocks as augite syenite, essexite, nordmarkite, and arfvedsonite granite ; 2) the stratified, peralkaline, agpaitic nepheline syenites: sodalite foyaite, naujaite, kakortokite, and lujavrite. These rocks are often rich in sodalite and eudialyte. The marginal borders of the batholith are transgressive. The agpaites are overlain by almost horizontal beds of porphyries. The stratified part of the complex is saucer-shaped. According to Ussing the batholith was formed in two stages; in the first stage the unstratified rocks crystallized, in the second the agpaites were intruded and partially replaced the unstratified rocks. The differentiation of the agpaites has later been discussed by Fersman and Backlund. Wegmann considered the nepheline syenites to be of metasomatic origin. The Ilímaussaq batholith is compared with other regions of alkaline rocks. On this basis and in the light of new field data the magmatic and metasomatic modes of formation of the batholith are discussed. Much more field work is, however, still necessary before more final conclusions can be reached. In addition to Ussing’s interpretation of the genesis of the batholith a somewhat different magmatic explanation is put forward. Augite syenite is considered to be the primary magma. A part of this magma was trapped under an impermeable roof and huge amounts of volatiles were accumulated in the magma during its crystallization, especially in its upper part (cf. Sather, 45). The sodalite-rich naujaite crystallized in the upper part of the magma, the banded kakortokite at a deeper level. In a later phase, subsidence of parts of the batholith occurred and at this stage the melanocratic and schistose lujavrite was formed. This rock can be compared with tinguaites and may then be considered to be magmatic, but it may also be regarded as a metasomatic rock especially formed in the most deformed parts of the complex. Wegmann’s view that essexite, nordmarkite and porphyries are metasomatically transformed into nepheline syenites is discussed. It is supported by the finding of a pillow structure in the lujavrite. As an alternative the writer suggests that the metasomatism has acted upon an older plutonic body made up of augite syenite and foyaite, etc. In the writer's opinion the combination of magmatic and metasomatic processes is in best agreement with the field observations.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Deposits Thicknesses and Emplacements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Musa Al'ala ◽  
Hermann M. Fritz ◽  
Mirza Fahmi ◽  
Teuku Mudi Hafli
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Abstract. After more than a decade of recurring tsunamis, identification of tsunami deposits, a part of hazard characterization, still remains a challenging task not fully understood. The lack of sufficient monitoring equipment and rare tsunami frequency are among the primary obstacles that limit our fundamental understanding of sediment transport mechanisms during a tsunami. The use of numerical simulations to study tsunami-induced sediment transport was rare in Indonesia until the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. This study aims to couple two hydrodynamic numerical models in order to reproduce tsunami-induced sediment deposits, i.e., their locations and thicknesses. Numerical simulations were performed using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) and Delft3D. This study reconstructed tsunami wave propagation from its source using COMCOT, which was later combined with Delft3D to map the location of the tsunami deposits and calculate their thicknesses. Two Dimensional-Horizontal (2DH) models were used as part of both simulation packages. Lhoong, in the Aceh Besar District, located approximately 60 km southwest of Banda Aceh, was selected as the study area. Field data collected in 2015 and 2016 validated the forward modeling techniques adopted in this study. However, agreements between numerical simulations and field observations were more robust using data collected in 2005, i.e., just months after the tsunami (Jaffe et al., 2006). We conducted pit (trench) tests at select locations to obtain tsunami deposit thickness and grain size distributions. The resulting numerical simulations are useful when estimating the locations and the thicknesses of the tsunami deposits. The agreement between the field data and the numerical simulations is reasonable despite a trend that overestimates the field observations.

The dynamic of parameters for active layer

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. V. Uvarova ◽  
I. A. Komarov ◽  
V. S. Isaev ◽  
A. I. Tyurin ◽  
M. M. Bolotuk
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
State University ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Moscow State University

The paper presents methods and results of experimental studies of the dynamic of the temperature regime, the thickness of active layer and rock heave deformation over a five-year field observations period, as well as the results of predictive modeling of these processes on the Moscow State University Zvenigorod Biological station. The results of comparison of field data with the calculated characteristics based on numerical modelling of heave process are presents.

MODELING AS A SCIENTIFIC TOOL IN NRDA FOR OIL AND CHEMICAL SPILLS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1147-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah French-McCay
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
Response Alternatives ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Scientific Tool

ABSTRACT In natural resource damage assessments, as well as in analyses of response alternatives, modeling is a useful and effective scientific tool in assessing injury and risk. Often field data documenting spill impacts are incomplete, such that injuries are underestimated or impossible to assess. In order to quantify impacts using field observations, comprehensive sampling of affected biota is needed in both exposed and unaffected areas. Because marine organisms are so patchy in their distribution, large numbers of stations and samples within stations are needed to accurately map abundance. Such extensive sampling of all (or even selected) species affected is often not feasible, given the rapidity at which the evidence disappears (by scavenging of killed organisms and by migration of animals into the impacted area). What is feasible and cost-effective, is to estimate impacts using existing scientific knowledge of the fates and toxicity of oil components, along with as much site-specific data as is available or feasible to collect. Oil and chemical fates and effects models integrate this information into a form that may be calibrated to and/or verified with field data, such that injuries are quantified with a combined field-based and modeling approach.

Diversity in the Ivory White Tower

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Moradi ◽  
Greg J. Neimeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Minority Faculty ◽  
Psychology Programs ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Scholars have highlighted the importance of recruitment, retention, and promotion of racial-ethnic minority faculty for the field of counseling psychology. This study examines the specialty’s progress by chronicling the racial-ethnic composition of faculty in counseling psychology programs across time. The findings summarized begin to reveal the level of progress made toward increasing faculty racial-ethnic diversity within the field. Data generally support the collective success of counseling psychology programs in increasing racial-ethnic diversity of faculty but also highlight some of the challenges that remain to be addressed. Several possible interpretations, implications, and limitations of these findings are discussed in relation to counseling psychology’s continuing support of multiculturalism as a distinctive feature of its identity and its objectives as a specialty.

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