Field observations on growth and development of Morchella rotunda and Mitrophora semilibera in relation to forest soil temperature

In the upper Rhine forests, ascocarps of Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boudier and Mitrophora semilibera (DC.) Lév. develop at the expense of preexisting subterranean mycelial structures (connective mycelium and mycelial muffs) associated with higher plants. Field data correlate the initial extent of springtime reheating of soil with ascocarp maturation and suggest that mycelial muffs may be storage and resistance structures formed as early as the summer preceding the spring fruiting. This suggests morels are biennial.

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Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.29939 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (26) ◽

pp. 1011-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

György Végvári ◽

Edina Vidéki

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Essential Role ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wide Sense ◽

Large Scale Integration ◽

Scale Integration ◽

And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

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Potential Soil Respiration in Forest Soil according to Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture Change

Korean Journal of Nature Conservation ◽

10.30960/kjnc.2009.7.4.191 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Eunhye LEE ◽

Jaeseok LEE

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Moisture Change

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A Field Study of Brine Drainage and Oil Entrainment in First-Year Sea Ice

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000014477 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 22 (88) ◽

pp. 473-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Seelye Martin

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Salt Transport ◽

First Year ◽

Field Observations ◽

Melt Pond ◽

Ice Surface ◽

Melt Ponds ◽

Brine Channel ◽

Horizontal Layers

AbstractFrom field observations this paper describes the growth and development of first-year sea ice and its interaction with petroleum. In particular, when sea ice initially forms, there is an upward salt transport so that the ice surface has a highly saline layer, regardless of whether the initial ice is frazil, columnar, or slush ice. When the ice warms in the spring, because of the eutectic condition, the surface salt liquifies and drains through the ice, leading to the formation of top-to-bottom brine channels and void spaces in the upper part of the ice. If oil is released beneath winter ice, then the oil becomes entrained in thin lenses within the ice. In the spring, this oil flows up to the surface through the newly-opened brine channels and distributes itself within the brine-channel feeder systems, on the ice surface, and in horizontal layers in the upper part of the ice. The paper shows that these layers probably form from the interaction of the brine drainage with the percolation of melt water from surface snow down into the ice and the rise of the oil from below. Finally in the summer, the oil on the surface leads to melt-pond formation. The solar energy absorbed by the oil on the surface of these melt ponds eventually causes the melt pond to melt through the ice, and the oil is again released into the ocean.

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FEATURES OF BRASSICA RAPA'S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPENDING ON THE TERRITORY OF SOWING THE SEED

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2019-3-4-15 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

Serhii Vdovenko

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Row Spacing ◽

The Third ◽

Golden Ball ◽

And Control

In order to study the effect of the time of sowing seeds on the passage of morphogenesis and productivity of rapeseed, the scheme included experiments where the seeds were sown in I, II, III in April, I and II in May. The experiment used varieties of Golden Ball, Purpurleopop, Purpurov and Geisha, and control was the variant in which the seeds of the Golden Ball varieties were sown in the second decade of April with a row spacing of 45 cm. laboratory - to determine the total yield; statistical - to establish the reliability of the investigated factors. Seed germination analysis used in the experiment ranged from 78.9% to 81.1% on average. The highest indicator of seed germination was characterized by the Purpulepop variety, where the studied value was 83.2%, which was dominated by the seed germination of the control variant by 2.1%. In the early stages of sowing seeds, the period of seedling formation was shorter. Seeding of seeds in the first two decades of April on the surface of the soil was observed for 8 days. The short sprouting period was characterized by all varieties of turnips. As a result of sowing turnip seeds at a later date, namely in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May and the setting of a higher soil temperature, the period of germination was extended and ranged from 8 to 10 days. By using the term of sowing seeds I-II decade of April, the short interphase period was characterized by Purpleupop and Purpurova varieties, where the specified period was only 22 days. The sowing of turnip seeds at a later date ensured the formation of an interphase period of "seedlings - leaf rosette" in 23-25 days except Purpulopop variety. The interphase period "leaf rosette - the beginning of rooting" and "the beginning of rooting - technical maturity" determined the benefits of early seeding, namely in the first decade of April on varieties Purpulopop and Purpurov.The short vegetation period was characterized by the Golden Ball plants for sowing seeds in the first and third decades of April and the first of May. During the specified seeding period the duration of the growing season was only 40 days. A longer vegetation period was characterized by plants of the Geisha variety for sowing seeds in the first two decades of April. As a result of the use of the researched elements of technology to grow turnips in open soil, the total yield varied from 11.0 t / ha to 24.0 t / ha. The most productive is the first sowing of rapeseed, where its value ranged from 20.6 t / ha to 22.7 t / ha. At the same time, when sowing seeds in the first decade of April, the yield of turnip varieties Purpulepop was the highest and was 22.7 t / ha, or the increase was 2.4 t / ha.

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Calcium/Calmodulin Affects Microtubule Stability in Lysed Protoplasts

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.100.2.311 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 311-317

Author(s):

RICHARD J. CYR

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Dynamic Behavior ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Microtubule Stability ◽

A Cell ◽

Cycle Dependent ◽

Carrot Protoplasts

Microtubules (Mts) are found in four distinct arrays appearing sequentially in a cell-cycle-dependent fashion within the cells of higher plants. Additionally, the cortical Mts of non-cycling cells are spatially altered in a variety of differentiated states. Information regarding the molecular details underlying these Mt-reorientation events in plant cells is scarce. Moreover, it is unclear how cytoskeletal behavior integrates with the myriad of other cellular activities that are altered concomitantly in both differentiating and cycling cells. Data are presented herein to indicate that calcium, in the form of a Ca2+/calmodulin complex, can alter the behavior of Mts in lysed carrot protoplasts. Mechanistically, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin most likely interacts with Mts via associations with microtubule associated pro- teins (MAPS). These results are discussed with reference to how Ca2+ may alter the dynamic behavior of Mts during growth and development.

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Modern techniques in illustration and recording in geology

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198835929.003.0016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 267-282

Author(s):

Matthew J. Genge

Keyword(s):

Field Data ◽

Earth Science ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Field Observations ◽

Valuable Data ◽

New Methods ◽

Geological Features ◽

Field Notes ◽

Digital Methods ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Advances in technology have enabled new methods in the acquisition and recording of field data in geology and its presentation within publications. These techniques compliment, rather than replace, traditional field observations. This chapter describes the use of photogrammetry and aerial drone surveys in constructing three-dimensional models of geological features, which provide valuable data when combined with field notes on lithology. Digital methods in the analysis and processing of images are discussed together with methods in digital drawing and painting to produce publication-ready diagrams for Earth Science. Photographs for use in publications should be corrected to ensure optimal contrast and brightness.

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Determination of Hydrothermal Prospects in Paipa Geothermal Region (Boyacá, Colombia) Using Remote Sensing and Field Data

Earth Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.15446/esrj.v23n4.77810 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 265-282

Author(s):

Rafael Andrés Calderón-Chaparro ◽

German Vargas-Cuervo

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Field Data ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Temperature Index ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Geothermal Region

Geothermal resources (e.g. hot springs) are found with the help of field techniques, such as geological, geochemistry and geophysical. These techniques in some occasions are difficult to apply because of the limit access to the research area, rising operational costs and constrained spatially the exploration areas. The thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is an important tool for the exploration of geothermal resources, due to the low cost and high efficiency in the study of large geographic areas. The aim of this study is to use thermal imagery of satellite remote sensing and combined with geological-geophysical data, for spatial determination of exploratory prospects of hot springs in the geothermal region of Paipa, Boyacá. The images used in this study are from satellites Landsat-7 ETM+, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS, MODIS, ALOS-PALSAR and Pléiades. Also, field data is used, such as soil temperature, surface temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and thermal imagery of surface geothermal manifestations. The Landsat thermal bands were radiometrically calibrated, then atmospherically and surface emissivity corrected, applying single channel and split window algorithms, for Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 TIRS, respectively. The field data helped to correct the thermal bands. And the soil temperature data are used to create a subsurface temperature map at 1-meter depth. Once primary and secondary data is had, in a geographic information system (GIS) is implemented an unweighted spatial model, which use four input indicators (satellite temperature index, soil temperature index, structural lineaments index and iso-resistivity index) to determine the areas with higher probability to find geothermal fluids. Six prospects are highlighted for hydrothermal fluid extraction, in which two of them are already known. Results allow to concluded that thermal remote sensing are useful to map geothermal anomalies in the Paipa region, and by using these anomalies plus geological-geophysical information is possible to determine exact exploration areas.

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Response of N2O and N2 Emissions in Forest Soils to Temperature Change across China

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12706 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haoming Yu ◽

Yunting Fang ◽

Ronghua Kang

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

N Cycle

N2O and N2 Emissions from soil in terrestrial ecosystems is a crucial component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle. The response of these two gases emissions from forest soil to temperature change and its underlying mechanisms are essential for predicting N cycle to global warming. Despite the warming-induced effects on soil N cycle is considered to be positive in general, our understanding of temperature sensitivity (Q10) of N2O and N2 emissions is rather limited. We quantified the Q10 of N2O and N2 emissions in forest soils and explored their major driving factors by conducting an incubation experiment using 15N tracer (Na15NO3) with soil samples from nineteen forest sites from temperate to tropical zones. The environmental conditions largely varied: mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from -5.4 to 21.5oC and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranging from 300 to 2449 mm. The soil pH varied between 3.62 to 6.38. We incubated soil samples under an anaerobic condition with temperature from 5 to 35oC with an interval of 5oC for 12 or 24 hours, respectively. Soil temperature strongly affected the production of N2O and N2.&#160;N2O and N2 production rates showed a positive exponential relation with incubate time and temperature for all forest soils. Our results showed that the Q10 values ranged from 1.31 to 2.98 for N2O emission and 1.69 to 3.83 for N2 emission, indicating a generally positive feedback of N2O and N2 production to warming. Higher Q10 values for N2 than N2O implies that N2 emission is more sensitive to temperature increase. The N2O/(N2O+N2) decreased with increasing temperature in fifteen of nineteen forest soils, suggesting that warming accelerates N2 emission. Strong spatial variation in Q10 were also observed, with tropical forest soils exhibiting high Q10 values and relatively low Q10 in temperate forest soils. This variation is attributed to the inherent differences in N biogeochemical cycling behavior between the microbial communities among sites. Despite soil temperature primarily controls the N2O and N2 emissions,&#160;we &#160;explored the effects of other factors such as pH, C/N, DOC and related functional genes. In addition, we partitioned N2O and N2 emissions to different microbial processes (e.g., denitrification, co-denitrification and anammox).&#160;The results indicated that denitrification was the main pathway of N2O and N2 production under anaerobic environment and the contribution increased as temperature rise.Key words: Temperature sensitivity, N2O, N2, Forest soil, Nitrogen cycle, Global warming, Denitrification

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Seston supply to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in suspended culture

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f00-242 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 241-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

C A Pilditch ◽

J Grant ◽

K R Bryan

Keyword(s):

Carrying Capacity ◽

Field Data ◽

Field Observations ◽

Placopecten Magellanicus ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Advection Diffusion ◽

Tidally Driven ◽

Sea Scallops ◽

Minimal Reduction ◽

The Relationship

The filtration activity of dense aggregations of bivalves can locally reduce the concentration of seston, potentially limiting production. Under these conditions, the currents that supply seston cannot offset ingestion by the bivalves and the carrying capacity is exceeded. We conducted a field and modelling study to examine factors affecting seston supply to a culture of suspended sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in Whitehaven Harbour, Nova Scotia. Even though seston flux to the scallops was reduced by 40% due to the attenuation of flow by culture gear, a reduction in seston concentration was not observed. The field data were then used to parameterize a quasi two-dimensional advection-diffusion model that quantified the relationship between the tidally driven seston supply and consumption by scallops. The model predicted a minimal reduction in seston concentration (<5%) within the lease (80 × 50 m), consistent with field observations. However, expanding the lease to occupy the area available for cultivation (1000 × 250 m) reduced the seston concentration in the centre of the lease by 20-50%, potentially limiting growth. Modelling results emphasized that by altering the lease geometry (lease width to length ratio), the supply of seston can be optimized.

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