scholarly journals Determining the temporal interaction of Camellia cultivar flowering periods and camellia petal blight disease presence in Auckland, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Bodley ◽  
Rebecca Stanley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Flowering Periods ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Temporal Interaction

Botanic gardens hold diverse and valuable living collections that provide a number of research, conservation and education opportunities. Auckland Botanic Gardens (ABG) has an internationally significant collection of species and cultivar camellias that have been used for scientific research into understanding which species are susceptible to camellia petal blight. ABG has surveyed all cultivars and species in its collection over multiple years to identify which camellias are affected by petal blight and which avoid it, based on their flowering period. A total of 363 camellias were assessed for petal blight over 6 years of surveying. It was found that 245 cultivars and 6 species were susceptible to the disease, while 68 cultivars and 32 species did not display any visual symptoms. These are important findings, as enthusiasts and breeders alike may use them to inform their respective interests.  

scholarly journals New Zealand indigenous Myrtaceae in foreign botanic gardens: testing the sentinel plant concept for biosecurity risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kirsty S.H. Boyd-Wilson ◽  
M. Virginia Marroni ◽  
Mark R. McNeill ◽  
David A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii ◽  
Plant Biosecurity

The use of sentinel or expatriate plants is a growing concept for risk assessment in plant biosecurity. This approach involves ascertaining the presence and impact of pests and pathogens on plants foreign to a given location but planted in international botanic gardens or arboreta. The data obtained provide information on the potential pest status of these pests and pathogens, as invasive alien species (IAS), to plant species in their native or indigenous range. Assessment of the biosecurity threat from IAS for indigenous plants not found within the geographic distribution of these pests and pathogens is challenging, however, as they may be relatively taxonomically distinct from plants found in the distribution of the IAS and can be in different climates and environments. We examine the sentinel/expatriate concept in relation to risk assessment for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on New Zealand Myrtaceae on these plants found in botanic gardens and arboreta outside New Zealand. Between September 2017 and September 2018, we identified and then contacted 65 botanic gardens or arboreta that putatively had New Zealand Myrtaceae and were within the known distribution of myrtle rust. We asked for information on the presence of New Zealand Myrtaceae species in their collections and whether these plants were infected by myrtle rust. Sixteen gardens/arboreta responded; most were in Australia or the United States. Only one of these gardens provided information that was useful for biosecurity risk assessment for myrtle rust on New Zealand Myrtaceae. The results are discussed in the context of plant biosecurity risk assessment and the broader sentinel/expatriate plant concept.

Urban garden tourism.

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Richard W. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Urban Garden ◽  
Community Programming ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Urban Programs

Abstract This chapter highlights a number of urban programs related to gardens that rank as the most noteworthy of gardens' new directions in an urban milieu. New directions in garden tourism in urban areas are marked by reaching out to new audiences (where neighborhood demography is changing), community programming, local participation in decision making, attracting new ethnic audiences, and overall outreach to their own particular neighbors. Botanic gardens are also playing a lead role in the application of and education about the need for a sustainable future. Examples of urban garden initiatives in the USA, UK and New Zealand are highlighted.

The economics of soil structural degradation under cropping: some empirical estimates from New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Scrimgeour ◽  
T. G. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Structural Degradation ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Use Values

Soil structural degradation is a problem of some arable farms in New Zealand. This paper presents economic estimates of the significance of the loss of soil structure to farmers and the Manawatu region of New Zealand. Contingent valuation surveys of farmers and the wider community were used to estimate both use and non-use values. The results show the significance of compaction on both farm profits and land values, together with the lack of knowledge of the wider community concerning this problem. They reinforce the importance of careful farm practice, further scientific research, and a considered public policy response.

scholarly journals Sir Frederick William George White, C. B. E., 26 May 1905 - 17 August 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 497-521
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
World War ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Australian Council ◽  
Australian Science

Sir Frederick White was one of the most influential men in Australian science during and after World War II. At the comparatively early age of 39, he resigned from his Chair of Physics at Canterbury College, University of New Zealand, to become an Executive Officer of the Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R.). Many years later he was to write ‘In doing so I abandoned any future personal activity in scientific research. I have never regretted doing so.’ His acceptance of the challenge to participate in leading C.S.I.R. had a profound influence on the advancement of Australian science and on the professional lives of the scientists involved.

scholarly journals Scientific Research in New Zealand

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 197 (4862) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research

Correction relating to the occurrence of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Dicyphini) in New Zealand reported in 2008

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2622 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FLYNN ◽  
A. C. EYLES ◽  
S. GEORGE
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
A Site

Eyles et al. (2008) noted the first occurrence of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur, 1839)  in New Zealand in 2007, with a site locality reported as the Auckland Botanic Gardens.

scholarly journals Application of the Maryblyt Model for the Infection of Fire Blight on Apple Trees at Chungju, Jecheon, and Eumsung during 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Mun-Il Ahn ◽  
Sung Chul Yun
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flowering Periods ◽  
The Difference

To preventively control fire blight in apple trees and determine policies regarding field monitoring, the Maryblyt ver. 7.1 model (MARYBLYT) was evaluated in the cities of Chungju, Jecheon, and Eumseong in Korea from 2015 to 2020. The number of blossom infection alerts was the highest in 2020 and the lowest in 2017 and 2018. And the common feature of MARYBLYT blossom infection risks during the flowering period was that the time of BIR-High or BIR-Infection alerts was the same regardless of location. The flowering periods of the trees required to operate the model varied according to the year and geographic location. The model predicts the risk of “Infection” during the flowering periods, and recommends the appropriate times to control blossom infection. In 2020, when flower blight was severe, the difference between the expected date of blossom blight symptoms presented by MARYBLYT and the date of actual symptom detection was only 1-3 days, implying that MARYBLYT is highly accurate. As the model was originally developed based on data obtained from the eastern region of the United States, which has a climate similar to that of Korea, this model can be used in Korea. To improve field utilization, however, the entire flowering period of multiple apple varieties needs to be considered when the model is applied. MARYBLYT is believed to be a useful tool for determining when to control and monitor apple cultivation areas that suffer from serious fire blight problems.

scholarly journals Climate shapes flowering periods across plant communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby E. Stephens ◽  
Hervé Sauquet ◽  
Greg R. Guerin ◽  
Mingkai Jiang ◽  
Daniel Falster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Flowering Periods ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
And Function

AbstractAimClimate shapes the composition and function of plant communities globally, but it remains unclear how this influence extends to floral traits. Flowering phenology, or the time period in which a species flowers, has well-studied relationships with climatic signals at the species level but has rarely been explored at a cross-community and continental scale. Here, we characterise the distribution of flowering periods (months of flowering) across continental plant communities encompassing six biomes, and determine the influence of climate on community flowering period lengths.LocationAustraliaTaxonFlowering plantsMethodsWe combined plant composition and abundance data from 629 standardised floristic surveys (AusPlots) with data on flowering period from the AusTraits database and additional primary literature for 2,983 species. We assessed abundance-weighted community mean flowering periods across biomes and tested their relationship with climatic annual means and the predictability of climate conditions using regression models.ResultsCombined, temperature and precipitation (annual mean and predictability) explain 29% of variation in continental community flowering period. Plant communities with higher mean temperatures and lower mean precipitation have longer mean flowering periods. Moreover, plant communities in climates with predictable temperatures and, to a lesser extent, predictable precipitation have shorter mean flowering periods. Flowering period varies by biome, being longest in deserts and shortest in alpine and montane communities. For instance, desert communities experience low and unpredictable precipitation and high, unpredictable temperatures and have longer mean flowering periods, with desert species typically flowering at any time of year in response to rain.Main conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the role of current climate conditions in shaping flowering periods across biomes, with implications under climate change. Shifts in flowering periods across climatic gradients reflect changes in plant strategies, affecting patterns of plant growth and reproduction as well as the availability of floral resources across the landscape.

General Information & Statistics

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
South Australia ◽  
General Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
Set Up

New Biotech Center in South Australia. China Sees Jump in AIDS Cases. World First Liver Operation Succeeds in Hong Kong. India Sets Grain Export Target. Increasing Rate of Eating Disorders in Japanese Teenagers. Japan Urged to Unite Nanotechnology with Biotechnology. Spying Controversies Surround Korea's Biotech Hub in the US. Korea Latest Biotech Efforts. Korea to Set up Bioterror Hotline. Technology Showcase for New Zealand and Australia Biotech Sectors. Singapore Gives US$33 Million Grant for Biomedical Research. Singapore to Build Second Science Hub. Students Awarded for Outstanding Scientific Research.

scholarly journals 1173. Ocular Candidiasis in Patients with Candidemia Diagnosed by Blood Culture Versus T2Candida® Assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S612-S612
Author(s):  
Cameron White ◽  
Peter Pappas ◽  
Todd P McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Study Investigator

Abstract Background Ocular candidiasis (OC) is a serious complication of candidemia. Current guidelines recommend dilated fundoscopic exam (DFE) in all patients with candidemia. In this study, we examined characteristics and outcomes of patients at UAB Medical Center with candidemia diagnosed by blood culture (BC) or T2Candida® rapid diagnostic assay (T2C) who were found to have evidence of fungal disease on ophthalmologic exam. Methods Patients from 2016-2019 with either 1) at least one positive BC for Candida species or 2) positive T2C assay and negative or no paired BC were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Patients with additional positive BC or T2C within 60 days were excluded from the analysis. Data collected included risk factors for candidemia, causative Candida species, and whether DFE was performed after diagnosis. Patients with evidence of OC by exam were compared by type of ocular involvement (chorioretinitis vs. vitritis), whether visual symptoms were present, and whether intravitreal injection was performed. Results A total of 360 episodes of candidemia diagnosed by BC and 288 by T2C alone were included. Of those who underwent DFE, 33 BC patients (12.9%) had findings concerning for OC compared to 18 (8.9%) T2C patients (p=0.177) (Table 2). T2C patients with OC were younger, were more likely to have a prolonged ICU stay and to be mechanically ventilated, and were less likely to be on TPN compared to the BC group. Identification of C. parapsilosis was significantly more common in T2C patients (Table 1). There were no significant differences in presence of visual symptoms, type of ocular involvement, need for intravitreal injection, or 30-day mortality (Table 3). Table 1. Demographics and risk factors Table 2. Episodes of candidemia and ocular candidiasis by year Table 3. Ocular findings and outcomes Conclusion The frequency of ocular disease was similar between groups. Significantly more T2C patients had candidemia due to C. parapsilosis, and the groups differed in terms of risk factors for candidemia. There were no differences in frequency of intravitreal injection, severity of eye disease, or mortality. Despite recent concerns about the necessity of DFE in asymptomatic patients with candidemia, we believe these results emphasize the importance of performing DFE in candidemic patients and also support the practice of doing so in patients with positive T2C even in the absence of positive blood cultures. Disclosures Peter Pappas, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Todd P. McCarty, MD, Amplyx (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Cidara (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

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