scholarly journals On inflation in the Russian economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
A. I. Bolonin
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Added Products

For the economy is very important to have the amount of money in circulation, sufficient to serve the movement of goods and services without generating inflation, indicating an excess of money, so matching the growth rate of monetary and commodity weight control is an important task of the monetary system in all countries. During the time of the gold standard and bimetallism regulation of the economy as a whole was not considered as an important macroeconomic problem. But the economic crisis of 1929 - 1933 forced to reconsider these views and problems of regulation of financial and credit sphere began to be perceived as a function of a stable level of production and employment. The article describes the monetary factors of inflation in the economy and describes the causes, which can lead to programming of monetary growth in the Russian Federation. As the first group of factors impact on the volume of money in circulation in the national economy, the author defined low value added products produced in the country, based on the external market, and the absence, so the room for maneuver of financial resources to stabilize budget revenues with a deterioration in global market conditions. The weakening of the national currency provides large ruble revenues from exports, which reduces the growth of the budget deficit. But the decline of import revenues, which can compensate for the devaluation of the national currency, leads to higher prices in the domestic market due to the prevalence it offers imported goods. The second group of factors linked to the credit activity of banks, which consists in increasing primary issue in lending importers and secondary, which occurs during the formation of foreign exchange reserves by the Bank of Russia. Result of credit activity of banks is to increase money supply growth and the discrepancy between the higher growth of money in circulation and lower growth rates actually created in the production of value added, which leads to the weakening purchasing power of money and rising prices. Each reason has a direct impact on money supply growth and inflation initiates.

National Currency Appreciation and Growth of the Russian Economy

2004 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
T. Zolotoukhina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

The problem of interaction between Russian currency appreciation and positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators is studied. Main economic factors of ruble appreciation are analyzed. Consequences of the Russian Central Bank's policy directed to oppose ruble appreciation and problems in financial area due to the increase of money supply through the exchange market are considered. Influence of exchange rate appreciation on economic growth, inflation, export, import, capital flows are discussed. It is concluded that Russian ruble appreciation stimulates an increase in efficiency of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals HORTICULTURE AND THE GLOBAL MARKET

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 589e-589
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Global Marketing ◽  
Extension System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
County Agents ◽  
And Training ◽  
Value Added Products

The future competitiveness of any nation, including its agriculture, is inextricably tied to understanding and effectively participating in global markets. Major opportunities exist for farmers to produce, process, and export agricultural products, especially value added products, if they had knowledge of global opportunities. Most of the information and services are available for them to achieve this objective. The Cooperative Extension System (CES) can provide a mechanism to deliver educational programs on global marketing opportunities and training on procedures for capitalizing on these opportunities. County agents from Virginia and California working with their mushroom producers helped them respond to a year round shitake order from the United Kingdom. This has resulted in an ongoing market for these producers. Other similar examples in horticulture will be discussed.

India's new economic council can weather lower growth

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
Growth Prospects

Significance India’s poor growth run continued for a second quarter in April-June, the first quarter of the 2017-18 fiscal year (FY2017-18). Gross value added (GVA) was 5.6%, the slowest in almost four years. A plethora of factors, including de-stocking prior to the launch of a goods and services tax (GST) contributed. Investment has been weak for much of the past year while consumer spending has also slowed. Additionally, the stronger rupee has hit exporters' competitiveness, weighing on exports. Impacts If consumption does not pick up, a downward spiral could ensue, with capital outflows weakening both activity and financial markets. The government’s position remains strong, winning the Uttar Pradesh state elections earlier in 2017 despite the demonetisation shock. Medium-term growth prospects are stronger as gains from structural reforms including the GST and infrastructure spending will take effect.

scholarly journals Impact of vat raise on Russian economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13028
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Business Confidence ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Excise Duties

The entire taxation system works state-wise, being the primary source for the budget formation and treasury replenishment. Value added tax (VAT) plays a major role in the national economy. Thus, any manipulations on the tax will immediately affect the economy. VAT raise will adversely impact the economy and result in curbing the motivation of the society for entrepreneurial activity. Raise in the VAT rate may indirectly affect the collection of personal income taxes (PIT) and excise duties because of the higher pressure on the economy and escalation of inflation, lower effective demand and lower level of consumption due to rising prices. Tax novations may lead to serious consequences: increase in the tax burden, higher prices for the majority of goods and services, lower consumer demand, escalation of inflation, a worse situation in small and medium entrepreneurship, a slowdown in economic growth. Subject of the study is the value added taxation. Goal of the research is to prove the necessity and significance of the VAT hike. Methodology. The VAT rates in 2017 for European countries and Russia and indices of industrial production and business confidence were systematized.

MAINTENANCE OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM STABILITY IN UZBEKISTAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alisher Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
National Currency ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

During the years of independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has succeeded in building the modern monetary system. The national currency was introduced, monetary and currency markets have been developed along with the provision of independence of the Central Bank. However, the stability of national monetary system has not been ensured yet. In particular, the monetization level of the economy remains low, while the GDP deflator is rather high. In addition, high level of national currency devaluation is observed in recent years.Eventually all these urgent problems will negatively influence the stability of macroeconomic growth. The relatively high level of the GDP deflator (GDP deflator reflects a more realistic rate of inflation) has led to the significant growth of the money supply, which resulted in a strong devaluation of the national currency of Uzbekistan. For example, in 2012 the devaluation level of the national currency against the U.S. dollar was 10.5%. In addition, because of the low monetization coefficient, a crisis of defaulted payments among business entities has arisen.The author proposes to increase the volume of foreign currency swap and Gold Swap operation of the Central Bank of Uzbekistan in order to decrease the devaluation of the national currency. The author also suggests increasing the flexibility of monetary policy instruments such as an open market policy and reserve requirements to ensure the stable growth of the money supply.

scholarly journals Microbial Cellulases: A Review on Strain Development, Purification, Characterization and their Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher H ◽  
◽  
Zeb N ◽  
Zeb S ◽  
Ali A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Strain Development ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Value Added Products

In this advance era, the enzymes are considered as a core kernel of white biotechnology and their demand is increasing day by day. According to report published in Research and Markets (ID: 5009185), the estimated global market for industrial enzymes were USD 10.0 billion in 2019, which is continuously increasing as it is expected to reach about USD 14.7 billion by 2022. Among all enzymes, cellulases are the major group of enzymes act synergistically in breakdown of cellulose, that facilitates its conversion to various value-added products and also offer several other important applications at industrial scale. The hyper production of cellulases are required to overcome their demand of global market. Cellulases production can be enhanced by strain improvement as well as using advance fermentation technology. In this review a detail studies of strategies to enhance production of cellulases and improve their physiochemical properties for industrial application have been described.

Investment Processes in the Russian Economy

2004 ◽  
pp. 4-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lisin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

The problem of interaction between Russian currency appreciation and positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators is studied. Main economic factors of ruble appreciation are analyzed. Consequences of the Russian Central Bank's policy directed to oppose ruble appreciation and problems in financial area due to the increase of money supply through the exchange market are considered. Influence of exchange rate appreciation on economic growth, inflation, export, import, capital flows are discussed. It is concluded that Russian ruble appreciation stimulates an increase in efficiency of the Russian economy.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction of Full Convertibility of National Currency: Problems of Theory and Practice

2005 ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navoi
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Additional Income

The article is devoted to actual questions of introducing convertibility of the ruble. The structure and definitions of convertibility are considered. On the basis of the international experience the economic essence of convertibility as a source of additional income of the states-emissioners is revealed. The sequence of stages of convertibility in advanced economies is presented, basic problems of introducing convertibility in developing as well as in transition economies are studied. The experience of transition to convertibility of the ruble and corresponding consequences for the Russian economy are analyzed.

Digital tax: an instructive foreign experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
K.S. Teteryatnikov ◽  
S.G. Каmolov ◽  
D.A. Blashkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is meant to analyze current problems and prospects for the development of effective tax policy as part of digital transformation of Russian economy. Introduction of a digital tax and the consequences of the digital tax reforms in the EU, the USA and OECD countries are highlighted. The necessity of qualitative transformation of the tax system of the Russian Federation in response to modern challenges is substantiated, taking into account the changes of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation adopted at the end of July 2020. The authors suggested their own concept of a digital tax and the prospects for its adoption in Russia, and consider it inappropriate to impose taxes on Internet users who do not use the Internet for business. Today, the main focus should be made on creating and testing effective technologies that allow on-line monitoring the tax basis of digital economy entities, taking into account the cross-border movement or use of digital products (goods and services). In addition, it would be extremely important to provide for a potential tax exemption for part of the profits of international ICT companies that are received on the territory of the Russian Federation and reinvested in joint with Russian companies projects in the high-tech for civil purposes area.

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