scholarly journals The impact of multilevel policy and governance : A comparative study of access to language training in Cosenza, Glasgow, Malmö, and Nicosia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Emilsson ◽  
Maria Angeli ◽  
Anna Elia ◽  
Nasar Meer ◽  
Timothy Peace
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Language Training ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Local Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities

Access to language training is often a challenge for persons granted international protection in EU-countries. This article investigates language provision for refugees from a policy and governance perspective. The goal is to explain the local differences in language training provisions in EU countries. We use a most different cases approach including Cosenza in Italy, Glasgow in Scotland, Malmö in Sweden and Nicosia in Cyprus. We find that the combination of state policies and governance do explain differences in local access to language training. The results also strongly indicate that local governments are dependent on support from higher levels of government to secure training opportunities. The state is still the main actor, and its choices of policies and governance instruments are central for understanding differences in language provision for refugees in EU member states.

A Comparative Study of Local Governments in the Constitutions of Selected EU Countries and Turkey

2016 ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Ayse Guner ◽  
Rusen Keles
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Eu Member States

In the effort to examine local governments within a country, the first place to look at would be the constitution of that state. Constitutions usually provide us with important information about local governments; on their types, competencies, revenues and various other characteristics. This study aims to compare the clauses devoted to local governments in the constitutions of 23 European Union (EU) member states and Turkey. While there are certain studies concerned with how local governments are worded within constitutions, these are generally singular cases focusing on one country alone. This chapter aims to provide comparative and informative information on local governments in the constitutions of the related states by categorizing the most commonly stipulated clauses.

scholarly journals Impact of globalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08008
Author(s):  
Silva Jeromanova-Maura ◽  
Rosita Zvirgzdina
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Since April 1, 2018, the Law on Social Entrepreneurship has been in force in Latvia. Unfortunately, the relatively slow preparation and adoption of the law did not bring any benefits to social enterprises (Jeromanova-Maura et al., 2019). Few social enterprises have recently been set up, operating in a small number of business sectors. Various financial support instruments are available to social enterprises, which could promote the establishment of a social enterprise, but the negative attitude of society and understanding of people with special needs is an obstacle to the establishment of new social enterprises. It is in the interests of local governments to give more support to social entrepreneurship in their region. The aim of the article: to study and analyze the processes that have contributed to the faster development of social entrepreneurship and the impact of globalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia during the last couple of years. To achieve this, the authors have studied the experiences of different countries in the development of social entrepreneurship, focusing on the EU Member States and how globalization has affected the development of social entrepreneurship in each country. Methods: The study uses methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, as well as methods of logical approach. However, appropriate quantitative methods are used to process the data obtained. Findings & Added Value: The paper aims to assess the impact of globalization on social entrepreneurship as well as the impact of Covid on the creation and development of social enterprises.

scholarly journals European Banking Integration and Sustainable Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Stoica ◽  
Otilia-Roxana Oprea ◽  
Ionel Bostan ◽  
Carmen Sandu Toderașcu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable economic growth is considered a fundamental problem due to the effects that can be felt on the society as a whole, along with the phenomenon of banking integration that can influence the development of a country’s economy. This research aims to investigate the impact of banking market integration on sustainable economic growth in EU countries, especially in the context of financial integration, a good consolidation of the banking market is needed. We also identified the main factors by which the development of the banking market influences economic growth. The analysis was carried out for the period 2004–2018 in EU countries as a sample. According to the results obtained, we can say that European banking integration has a positive influence and has many benefits on the growth and sustainable development of the economy. The main factors by which banking integration significantly and positively favors economic growth are convergence of asset returns, convergence of interest rates, cross-border lending to the non-banking sector, foreign assets and foreign liabilities), the ratio of international banking activities, the ratio between assets and GDP, and the net interest margin (only when maintaining a low level) with some differences between the pre-crisis and the post-crisis period, the countries in the Euro Zone outside the euro, and the new EU member states and the old EU member states.

scholarly journals Management of public safety with the use of visual monitoring in the city and county of Walbrzych

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-336
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Tabaczniuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Visual Monitoring ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

Summary The paper presents basic legal conditions related to the operation and types of video monitoring systems. These considerations include the attempt to diagnose the impact of the use of video monitoring systems on the number of new cases initiated on the basis of the crime rate in the area of the city and county of Walbrzych. The article contains a comparative study based on this indicator in the studied area, in Poland and the EU countries.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PROCESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Andreea Bucur ◽  
Mircea Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to explore, based on theoretical and empirical research in the field and on data available on Eurostat and European Commission, in the context of financial significant imbalances and thus of the financial stress in the EU countries and especially in the Euro area, the main developments in the fiscal consolidation process given the fiscal effort of each country towards fiscal union. Since the financial crisis started in 2008, many EU Member States demonstrates an obvious macroeconomic imbalance which requires increased responsibility regarding fiscal developments. The impact of the crisis and the causes of sovereign debt high levels trends varied between EU countries as well as the budget deficit levels. Thus, the main priority for EU members must be the continuation of differentiated fiscal consolidation, given the specificities of each economy, favoring growth. The medium-term fiscal policy needs to focus on consolidating public finances along with restoring long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Understanding EU External Perceptions: Theorising Local ‘Cultural Filters’ in the Normative Power Approach (casestudy of textbooks)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chaban ◽  
Sharon Pardo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
European Union ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Learning ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Normative Power Europe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article argues that one way to advance the ‘Normative Power Europe’ (NPE) discourse is to shift the analytical focus to the ‘locals’ – or ‘norm-receivers’ – rather than to ‘norm-senders/makers’. The analysis examines the range of locals’ reactions – from learning to adaptation or rejection of norms – and explains the factors behind those reactions. Building on Ian Mannersʼ claim that normative power is informed by ‘cultural filters’ which affect the impact of international norms and political learning in non-European Union (EU) countries, the article advances the concept of ‘external recognition’. It considers one type of local cultural filters -- images and perceptions of the EU as a normative power. Deepening and enriching the ‘Normative Power Europe’ Approach (NPA) by theorising ‘cultural filters’ of external perceptions, this article undertakes a comparative study of Europe’s normative images in high school textbooks in Israel and New Zealand.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the EU Economies and People at Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksy Kwilinski ◽  
Oleksandr Vyshnevskyi ◽  
Henryk Dzwigol
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Despite the fact that a comprehensive analysis of digitalization processes in the EU member states has been carried out, the impact of a country’s digitalization level on the risks of poverty and social exclusion requires further investigation. The purpose of the paper is to verify a hypothesis that a higher level of national digitalization provides positive trends in reducing the risks of poverty and social exclusion for the population. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) was used to evaluate the digitalization levels of the EU countries. The indicator “People at risk of poverty or social exclusion” (AROPE) was applied to estimate the poverty level. As the main research methods, the authors used a comparative and correlation analysis with respect to the above-mentioned indicators, as well as the Monte Carlo method in order to evaluate the probability of a change in the indicator “population at risk of poverty or social exclusion” in 2021. The EU countries with higher digitalization levels have a lower percentage of the population at risk of poverty and social exclusion. However, a higher digitalization level of the EU member states does not provide an accelerated risk reduction of poverty and social exclusion. Statistical calculations with respect to the entire population of these countries mainly indicate reverse processes. At the same time, a further reduction of poverty and social exclusion level is less probable in the countries with a higher level of digitalization. For relatively poor segments of the population (the 1st and 2nd quintiles by income) in the EU member states, the level of digitalization does not play a significant role. For relatively wealthy segments of the population (the 3rd and 4th quintiles by income) the authors noticed a pattern: the higher the level of digitalization is, the lower the risk of poverty and social exclusion becomes. A pairwise comparison of countries with initially similar AROPE values showed that in most cases (3 out of 5), the countries with higher levels of digitalization showed a more significant reduction in poverty and social exclusion. However, the probability of further positive changes in this area is higher for the countries with a lower level of digitalization.

scholarly journals REAL CONVERGENCE AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION WITH FOCUS ON THE NEW MEMBER STATES

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Stoica ◽  
Angela Roman ◽  
Delia-Elena Diaconaşu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Real Convergence ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

Our paper aims to analyse the dynamics of real economic convergence and the impact of several macroeconomic and institutional factors on this process, within the EU countries for the period 1995-2018. Employing cross-sectional and panel data techniques, this paper examines both the level and dynamics of absolute and conditional convergence within the EU28 countries and identifies key drivers of economic growth within the EU28 and subsequent groups (the EU15 versus New EU Member States group), by taking into consideration the impact of the recent global economic crisis. We find that the real convergence process is quite uneven and unstable over the 1995-2018 period. Our results confirm the negative effects of the recent global economic crisis on per capita GDP growth, suggesting a weakening of the convergence process at the EU28 level, especially at the level of New EU Member States. In addition, we find that investment, the openness of the economy and the quality of the institutional framework represent the main drivers of real convergence within the EU countries.

scholarly journals Homogeneity of Determinants in the Financial Sector and Investment in EU Countries

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Erika Urbankova ◽  
David Krizek
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper evaluates the homogeneity of the financial markets in European Union (EU) countries and the impact of determinants of the financial sector in individual EU countries on the investment by economic entities in the given countries. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the homogeneity of financial sectors in EU countries in terms of individual indicators. The paper also evaluates the interdependence between the loan amount (debt and liabilities of the financial sector) on one side and the selected investments on the other. This paper uses the statistical method of correlation analysis to determine the strength and closeness of dependence among indicators, and the multidimensional statistical method of cluster analysis to determine the homogeneity among the individual countries. The results show that, in terms of financial markets, there is still a difference between developed countries in terms of Gross Domestic Product and the rest of the EU Member States. However, in the case of investment activity that is no longer. Partial integration therefore takes place within the EU, in terms of financial markets.

scholarly journals MIGRATION FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE IN THE EU COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(16) (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
M. M. Agafoshin
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Migration ◽  
The Eu

The paper considers the impact of the European migration crisis, expressed in the intensification of migration flows from the Middle East (Syria and Iraq), on the change EU member States populations’ electoral preferences. The study reviews the elections to the European Parliament in 2009–2019. In addition, the article surveys the attitude of residents of EU countries to immigration and, in particular, to immigration from Muslim countries. The paper proves a tendency to increase the representation of anti-migrant parties, both at the European level and at the countries level.

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