Heart tumors: classification, clinic, characteristics, radiology signs

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
M. Kadyrova ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. G. Grinberg ◽  
E. S. Malyshenko ◽  
V. S. Shirokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Heart Tumors

Primary tumors of the heart are a rare pathology with a frequency of occurrence of 0.0017% to 0.28% according to autopsies, while 75% of them are benign in nature, 25% are malignant. Secondary tumors of the heart occur 20–40 times more often than primary tumors. Due to the rapid development of radiology diagnostic methods, the chances of early detection of heart tumors have improved significantly at present. Recently, large cardiology centers have accumulated a lot of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. However, early detection in primary malignant lesions of the heart is still a problem, since the clinical symptoms appear when tumors reach a large size. Modern methods of treatment of the heart malignant tumors include radical surgery, and in case of impossibility – cytoreductive surgery.We present literature review on the diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis of the heart lesions. The types of cardiac tumors are described; its morphological features, differential diagnostic imaging features and hemodynamic characteristics of the lesions are presented; the diagnostic effectiveness of modern imaging methods is analyzed.

scholarly journals Cardiac Tumors

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A. Paraskevaidis ◽  
Christos A. Michalakeas ◽  
Constantinos H. Papadopoulos ◽  
Maria Anastasiou-Nana
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
3D Echo ◽  
Primary Cardiac Tumors

Cardiac tumors represent a relatively rare, yet challenging diagnosis. Secondary tumors are far more frequent than primary tumors of the heart. The majority of primary cardiac tumors is benign in origin, with primary malignant tumors accounting for 25% of cases. Metastatic tumors usually arise from lung, breast, renal cancer, melanomas, and lymphomas. Clinical manifestations of cardiac tumors depend on the size and location of the mass and the infiltration of adjacent tissues rather than the type of the tumor itself. Echocardiography is the main diagnostic tool for the detection of a cardiac mass. Other imaging modalities (C-MRI, C-CT, 3D Echo) may offer further diagnostic information and the establishment of the diagnosis is made with histological examination. Management depends on the type of the tumor and the symptomatology of the patient.

scholarly journals A Large Left Atrial Myxoma Obstructing the Mitral Valve Orifice

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Md Nazmul Hasan ◽  
Dipal Krishna Adhikary ◽  
Tanjima Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Left Atrial Myxoma ◽  
Valve Orifice ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Cardiac tumors represent a relatively rare, yet challenging diagnosis. Secondary tumors are far more frequent than primary tumors of the heart. The majority of primary cardiac tumors are benign in origin, with primary malignant tumors accounting for 25% of cases. Left atrial myxoma is the most common intracardiac tumor. It could be seen in patients between 3–83 years of age, with the majority presenting in fifth decade of life as sporadic cases (90%) and second decade as familial cases (10%)1. It is an important source of central nervous system embolism2. Elderly patients often present with nonspecific symptoms that are often overlooked in the absence of a supporting cardiac history which makes an early diagnosis challenging. This case report discusses an unusual presentation of a large left atrial myxoma in a 35 years old patient which almost completely obstructing the mitral valve orifice during diastole.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21043

Twory w sercu – struktury anatomiczne i struktury patologiczne

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Kucińska ◽  
Bożena Werner
Keyword(s):  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Heart Tumors ◽  
Cardiac Masses

The increase in the availability of transthoracic echocardiography allows the diagnosis of not only congenital heart defects, which are the most common congenital defects in children, but also detection of cardiac masses such as thrombi, vegetations or heart tumors. Performing transthoracic echocardiography one should remember about normal anatomical structures in the atria and ventricles. The presence of central catheters and intracardiac leads favors the formation of thrombi in the heart. The vegetations which are characteristic for infective endocarditis mostly occur on the aortic and/or mitral valve. Primary cardiac tumors in children are very rare (approximately 0.2% of the population) and are usually oligosymptomatic. About 90% of them are benign tumors. The most common is the rhabdomyoma, which often coexists with tuberous sclerosis. The second most frequent tumor in children is a fibroma. Less common primary tumors in children are: teratomas, hemangiomas, lipomas, papillary fibroelastomas. In the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses comprehensive assessment and analysis of both imaging results, as well as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and other additional tests are extremely important.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals MACHINE LEARNING IN GLIOMA SEGMENTATION FOR STEREOTACTIC RADIATION THERAPY PLANNING

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Dalechina ◽  
M. G. Belyaev ◽  
A. N. Tyurina ◽  
S. V. Zolotova ◽  
I. N. Pronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Stereotactic Radiation

Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors among adults. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma with very poor prognosis. The median patient survival is about 15 months. Treatment of glioma requires a complex approach combining surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Definition of the tumor border is the important step of radiation therapy treatment planning. The rapid development of the diagnostic methods made it possible to address this challenging task. However, the optimal treatment volume is still a matter of debate due to the complex biological behavior and high invasiveness of the tumor. Furthermore, the subjective interpretation of the visual information by the expert existed. So far, the application of machine learning in image analysis is a promising tool for glioma segmentation in multimodal MRI imaging. This review aims to summarize recent works using machine learning in high — and low — grade glioma segmentation.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROPERTIES AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN PREGNANCIES: META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Uygun-Can ◽  
Bilge Acar-Bolat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis

AbstractWe aimed to summarize reliable medical evidence by the meta-analysis of all published retrospective studies that examined data based on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by clinical symptoms, molecular (RT-PCR) diagnosis and characteristic CT imaging features in pregnant women. MEDLINE PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, Clinical Key, and CINAHL databases were used to select the studies. Then, 384 articles were received, including the studies until 01/MAY/2020. As a result of the full-text evaluation, 12 retrospective articles covering all the data related were selected. A total of 181 pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in the meta-analysis within the scope of these articles. According to the results, the incidence of fever was 38.1% (95% CI: 14.2–65%), and cough was 22% (95% CI: 10.8–35.2%) among all clinical features of pregnant cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. So, fever and cough are the most common symptoms in pregnant cases with SARS-CoV- infection, and 91.8% (95% CI: 76.7–99.9%) of RT-PCR results are positive. Moreover, abnormal CT incidence is 97.9% (95% CI: 94.2–99.9%) positive. No case was death. However, as this virus spreads globally, it should not be overlooked that the incidence will increase in pregnant women and may be in the risky group. RT-PCR and CT can be used together in an accurate and safe diagnosis. In conclusion, these findings will provide important guidance for current studies regarding the clinical features and correct detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, as well as whether it will create emergency tables that will require the use of a viral drug.

From Cancer Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Meninges to Medulloblastoma Cells: Primary Tumors and Metastatic Cancers of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Sheng-Le Ding
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Csf Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: This study aims to explore the diagnostic methods for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) based on different morphological characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells. Methods: Through the case analysis of meningeal carcinoma, medulloblastoma and glioma, combined with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining and other staining methods, the morphological characteristics of CSF cells in different tumors of the central nervous were found. Results: Through CT and CEA staining, it was found that the detection rate of primary tumors except for medulloblastoma was generally low (15%–30%), while that of secondary tumors was relatively higher, reaching up to 30%–75%. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (x ± SD). Intergroup comparison was conducted using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: In addition to the major morphological features of primary and secondary tumors, in the process of diagnosis, physicians should be aware that the pia matter is a very thin layer of connective tissue, its density is close to the surrounding tissues, and it is very difficult for CT and MRI to distinguish between the pia mater and lesions in it. The determination on whether tumor cells can be detected via CSF cytology depends on whether the tumor invades the subarachnoid space and pia mater. This requires a high degree of responsibility in the diagnosis. Furthermore, the previous examination results should be in contrast, suspected meningeal cancer patients should undergo repeated examinations, and more smears should be made in one examination, in order to improve the positive rate.

scholarly journals Psychopathology of Brain Frontal Lobe Tumors: When the Neurosurgery Meets Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Chirchiglia Domenico ◽  
Chirchiglia Pasquale ◽  
Gallelli, Luca
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Associated Functions

Brain tumors occur when abnormal cells form within the brain.There are two main types of tumors: malignant and benign tumors. Then, tumors can be divided into primary that start within the brain, and secondary tumors that have spread from somewhere else, known as brain metastasis tumors. Secondary brain tumors occur in approximately 15 % of cancer patients with about half of metastases coming from lung cancer. Primary brain tumors occur in around 250,000 people a year globally, making up less than 2% of whole body tumors. According to American Brain Tumor Association the most common types of primary tumors are gliomas, representing 74,6 % of all malignant tumors and meningiomas ( 36,6% ) while more affected region is frontal lobe, about 22 % . Particularly, prefrontal cortex ( PFC ), the anterior part of the frontal lobe that is highly developed in humans plays a role in the regulation of personality, emotional, and behavioral functioning, leading to serious cognitive impairments 1. These are the psychological signs of frontal lobe tumors, in addition to other functions such as the expressive language of Broca's area or those relating to voluntary movement, linked to frontal cortical motor areas. It relates to the so-called higher nervous functions, concerning the life of relationship and communication. The PFC physiology explains the psychological mechanisms of its associated functions: connections with the limbic cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and other subcortical areas.The regions of the PFC at the base of the psychophysiological mechanisms involved are basically the dorso-lateral, the ventro-medial, the orbito-frontal establishing contacts primarily with limbic structures, such as the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala.

scholarly journals Metastatic Tumors to the Colon and Rectum: A Multi-Institutional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Mourra ◽  
Anne Jouret-Mourin ◽  
Thierry Lazure ◽  
Virginie Audard ◽  
Laurence Albiges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Colorectal Metastases ◽  
Disease Free Interval ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Colorectal Mucosa ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Disease Free

Context.—Unlike the small bowel, the colorectal mucosa is seldom the site of metastatic disease. Objective.—To determine the incidence of truly colorectal metastases, and subsequent clinicopathologic findings, in a substantial colorectal cancer population collected from 7 European centers. Design.—During the last decade, 10 365 patients were identified as having colorectal malignant tumors, other than systemic diseases. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical symptoms, treatment, the presence of metastases in other sites, disease-free interval, follow-up, and overall survival. All secondary tumors resulting from direct invasion from malignant tumors of the contiguous organs were excluded, as well as those resulting from lymph node metastases or peritoneal seeding. Results.—Only 35 patients were included (10 men) with a median age of 59 years. They presented with obstruction, bleeding, abdominal pain, or perforation. The leading source of metastases was the breast, followed by melanoma. Metastases were synchronous in 3 cases. The mean disease-free interval for the remaining cases was 6.61 years. Surgical resection was performed in 28 cases. Follow-up was available for 26 patients; all had died, with a mean survival time of 10.67 months (range, 1–41 months). Conclusions.—Colorectal metastases are exceptional (0.338%) with the breast as a leading source of metastases; they still represent a late stage of disease and reflect a poor prognosis. Therefore, the pathologist should be alert for the possibility of secondary tumors when studying large bowel biopsies. Any therapy is usually palliative, but our results suggest that prolonged survival after surgery and complementary therapy can be obtained in some patients.

scholarly journals Cardiac Angiosarcoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Monique Esteves Cardoso ◽  
Leonardo Secchin Canale ◽  
Rosana Grandelle Ramos ◽  
Edson da Silva Salvador Junior ◽  
Stephan Lachtermacher
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cardiac Angiosarcoma ◽  
Cardiac Metastases ◽  
The Right ◽  
Primary Cardiac Tumors

Despite cardiac metastases are found in about 20% of cancer deaths, the presence of primary cardiac tumors is rare. Most primary tumors are benign, and malignant tumors comprise about 15%. We report a 21-year-old man with fever, dyspnea, and hemoptysis that was diagnosed with angiosarcoma of the right atrium and pulmonary metastasis. Patient was submitted to surgical tumor resection without adjuvant therapy and died four months after diagnosis.

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