From Cancer Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Meninges to Medulloblastoma Cells: Primary Tumors and Metastatic Cancers of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Sheng-Le Ding
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Csf Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: This study aims to explore the diagnostic methods for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) based on different morphological characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells. Methods: Through the case analysis of meningeal carcinoma, medulloblastoma and glioma, combined with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining and other staining methods, the morphological characteristics of CSF cells in different tumors of the central nervous were found. Results: Through CT and CEA staining, it was found that the detection rate of primary tumors except for medulloblastoma was generally low (15%–30%), while that of secondary tumors was relatively higher, reaching up to 30%–75%. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (x ± SD). Intergroup comparison was conducted using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: In addition to the major morphological features of primary and secondary tumors, in the process of diagnosis, physicians should be aware that the pia matter is a very thin layer of connective tissue, its density is close to the surrounding tissues, and it is very difficult for CT and MRI to distinguish between the pia mater and lesions in it. The determination on whether tumor cells can be detected via CSF cytology depends on whether the tumor invades the subarachnoid space and pia mater. This requires a high degree of responsibility in the diagnosis. Furthermore, the previous examination results should be in contrast, suspected meningeal cancer patients should undergo repeated examinations, and more smears should be made in one examination, in order to improve the positive rate.

Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignancies in the central nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chris Balhuizen ◽  
Gerard Th. A. M. Bots ◽  
Aart Schaberg ◽  
Fré T. Bosman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Cerebral Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Fluid Cytology

✓ The authors present a retrospective analysis of the results of the cytological examinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and tumor-cyst aspirates deriving from 262 patients treated for malignant intracranial primary and secondary tumors, and vertebral and peridural metastastic processes. Positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 15.3% of all cases of primary cerebral malignancies (13.9% of all gliomas) and positive postoperative CSF samples were found in 40% (91% of the medulloblastoma cases). In all cases of single or multiple secondary cerebral tumors, positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 20%.

Radiation-associated Gliomas: A Report of Four Cases and Analysis of Postradiation Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boleslaw H. Liwnicz ◽  
Thomas S. Berger ◽  
Regina G. Liwnicz ◽  
Bernard S. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
White Men ◽  
Anaplastic Ependymoma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Four cases of radiation-associated gliomas are described. All patients were white men, irradiated in childhood for craniopharyngioma, anaplastic ependymoma, retinoblastoma of the orbit, and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. The dose ranged from 1800 to 5900 rads, and the latency period was 5 to 25 years. All primary and secondary tumors were verified histologically, and no evidence of persistence of the primary tumors was found. All secondary tumors arose in the fields of irradiation. Ninety-six cases of radiation-induced tumors of the central nervous system have been reported in the literature to date. Twenty-four were gliomas and occurred mainly in young men.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

scholarly journals Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Petr Kelbich ◽  
Aleš Hejčl ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Tomáš Radovnický ◽  
Inka Matuchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

Chapter 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gredmark-Russ ◽  
Renata Varnaite
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

Takata-Aga reaction in the study of cerebrospinal fluid

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182-1182
Author(s):  
D. K. Bogoroditsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The technique of this reaction, suggested by two Japanese authors, Takata and Aga, in 1926, consists in adding 1 drop of a 10% Na carbonici solution and 0.3 of a freshly prepared mixture of equal parts 0.5% sulfa solution and 0.02% fuchsin (non-acid) solution to 1 cc of liquid. The mixture is shaken well and left in a test tube, and examined now after shaking, after h, after h, and after 24 h. Having tested this reaction in 60 patients, D.K. Bogoroditsky found that it is a very subtle indicator of the state of the central nervous system.

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