scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals Chromosome instability in Alzheimer’s disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Spremo-Potparevic ◽  
L. Zivkovic ◽  
B. Plecas-Solarovic ◽  
V.P. Bajic
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Premature Centromere Division ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Parameters

Alzheimer?s disease (AD), as the most common form of dementia, has for many years attracted the attention of researchers around the world, primarily because of the problems of reliable diagnostic methods that could help in the early detection of this devastating disease. One of the important aspects of genetic research related to AD is the analysis of chromosome instability which includes: aneuploidies of different chromosomes, telomere shortening and the phenomenon of premature centromere division (PCD). The aim of this study was to describe specific biomarkers in different types of cells as potential parameters for the diagnosis of AD in order to promptly recognize pre-symptomatic stages and prevent the development of disease and/or slow down its progression.

scholarly journals PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ORGANS OF A CAT WITH ADENOCARCINOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
I.N. Zalyalov ◽  
◽  
E.N. Bulatova ◽  
I.S. Konstantinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
Oncological Pathology

Oncological diseases of unproductive animals are becoming increasingly common in veterinary practice, especially in large cities. The basis of tumor growth is the unlimited uncontrolled reproduction of cells by the body, which leads to a complex of structural and functional disorders. Despite the significant achievements of modern veterinary medicine in the field of diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors in animals, the issues of histological and cytological diagnosis of the forms of manifestation of this pathology remain problematic. Long-term statistical data show that there is a tendency to increase the incidence of oncological pathology in domestic carnivores, especially in the malignant form.

Nephrocalcinosis: Detection by Ultrasonography

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-973
Author(s):  
URI ALON ◽  
WILLIAM H. BREWER ◽  
JAMES C. M. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs

Abdominal plain radiography has long been regarded as an excellent noninvasive method for the diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis.1 However, to be detected by radiography, the calcium deposition in the kidneys must be quite large. Thus, in the early stages of renal calcification, radiography often fails to detect nephrocalcinosis.2,3 In most cases treatment can arrest the pathologic process and prevent further damage to the kidneys; therefore, early detection is of crucial importance4,5 and diagnostic methods that are more sensitive than abdominal plain radiography are needed. We hearby describe our experience in two children in whom plain abdominal radiographs failed to document nephrocalcinosis. In constrast, ultrasonography clearly demonstrated the nephrocalcinosis, which was subsequently confirmed histologically by percutaneous needle biopsy.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
A. T. ABDRASHITOVA ◽  
Т. N. PANOVA ◽  
O. N. DIAKOVA ◽  
S. G. DZHUVALAKOV ◽  
D. L. TYOPLYI
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Aim. To analyze modern literature dealing with the issues of finding highly informative modern methods of early diagnostics of malignant tumors of thyroid.Materials and methods. The study of recent Russian and foreign literature in the databases RSCI, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed has been carried out.Results.This article represents statistical information on the prevalence of this disease, age and gender peculiarities, modern international cytological classification of thyroid – Thyroid Bethesda Classification. The article shows diagnostic values of ultrasound, elastography, dopplerography, as well as fine needle aspiration biopsy with the subsequent cytological, immunocytochemical study, and molecular-genetic research. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of diagnostics of cancer of thyroid have been analyzed. High sensitivity and specificity of molecular genetic studies, which increases with application of diagnostic panels has been observed.Conclusion. Modern science has many methods for early diagnosis of malignant forms of thyroid disease, but none of them meets the modern requirements of practical health care. It justifies the importance of further search for sensitive, specific and available diagnostic methods of thyroid cancer.

Heart tumors: classification, clinic, characteristics, radiology signs

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
M. Kadyrova ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. G. Grinberg ◽  
E. S. Malyshenko ◽  
V. S. Shirokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Heart Tumors

Primary tumors of the heart are a rare pathology with a frequency of occurrence of 0.0017% to 0.28% according to autopsies, while 75% of them are benign in nature, 25% are malignant. Secondary tumors of the heart occur 20–40 times more often than primary tumors. Due to the rapid development of radiology diagnostic methods, the chances of early detection of heart tumors have improved significantly at present. Recently, large cardiology centers have accumulated a lot of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. However, early detection in primary malignant lesions of the heart is still a problem, since the clinical symptoms appear when tumors reach a large size. Modern methods of treatment of the heart malignant tumors include radical surgery, and in case of impossibility – cytoreductive surgery.We present literature review on the diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis of the heart lesions. The types of cardiac tumors are described; its morphological features, differential diagnostic imaging features and hemodynamic characteristics of the lesions are presented; the diagnostic effectiveness of modern imaging methods is analyzed.

Data Mining Techniques for Diagnosis of Diabetes: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Tushar Deshmukh ◽  
H. S. Fadewar
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Prediction Of Diabetes

This Diabetes is such a common dieses found all over the globe, in which blood glucose or in normal terminology the sugar level in blood is increased. It is the condition of the body in which the insulin which is required for the metabolism of the food is not created or body cannot use the insulin produced properly. Doctors say that diabetes can be controlled if it is detected in its early stages. Data mining is the process in which the data can be used for the prediction based on historic data. The intention here is to analysis how various researchers have used the data mining for better prediction of diabetes so that it could be controlled and possible even cured.

MALIGNANT MELANOMA. EPIDEMIOLOGY, ANALYTICAL INDICATORS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONCOLOGICAL SERVICES (POPULATION-BASED STUDY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Melanoma Epidemiology

Malignant melanoma of the skin (MMS) is less than 2% (1.74%) among all malignant tumors in Russia but this is more than 10,000 (10236-2015) of new cases. It is important to monitor the trend in dynamics of morbidity and mortality from this cause. From 1995 to 2015 a number of MMS primary cases was more than doubled in absolute numbers and “crude” rates. A slightly smaller increase is indicated by standardized indicators - 62.5% for men and 70.2% for women. Annually in Russia 3670 people die from MMS (2015), which is 1.2% of all cancer deaths. In recent years the previously revealed regularities have been largely preserved: lower rates of specific gravity detected in the early stages among people in the elderly and senile and in a smaller proportion in this group who received special treatment. At the same time a change in the detailed structure of the incidence of women has been revealed where currently the leading localization of MMS was not the lower extremities but the back. The index accuracy improved however the official statistics of the distribution of patients by stages of a disease was significantly distorted (weight of the early stages was increased from the real values). The index of one-year lethality and survival was significantly improved.

scholarly journals Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Putative Beneficial Role of Vitamin-D

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5251
Author(s):  
Ming-Yieh Peng ◽  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Jing-Quan Zheng ◽  
Chien-Lin Lu ◽  
Yi-Chou Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Health Crisis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still an ongoing global health crisis. Immediately after the inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, alveolar type II epithelial cells harbor and initiate local innate immunity. These particles can infect circulating macrophages, which then present the coronavirus antigens to T cells. Subsequently, the activation and differentiation of various types of T cells, as well as uncontrollable cytokine release (also known as cytokine storms), result in tissue destruction and amplification of the immune response. Vitamin D enhances the innate immunity required for combating COVID-19 by activating toll-like receptor 2. It also enhances antimicrobial peptide synthesis, such as through the promotion of the expression and secretion of cathelicidin and β-defensin; promotes autophagy through autophagosome formation; and increases the synthesis of lysosomal degradation enzymes within macrophages. Regarding adaptive immunity, vitamin D enhances CD4+ T cells, suppresses T helper 17 cells, and promotes the production of virus-specific antibodies by activating T cell-dependent B cells. Moreover, vitamin D attenuates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4+ T cells through nuclear factor κB signaling, thereby inhibiting the development of a cytokine storm. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells after its spike proteins are bound to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Vitamin D increases the bioavailability and expression of ACE2, which may be responsible for trapping and inactivating the virus. Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) is responsible for tissue destruction, inflammation, and organ failure related to SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D inhibits renin expression and serves as a negative RAS regulator. In conclusion, vitamin D defends the body against SARS-CoV-2 through a novel complex mechanism that operates through interactions between the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, ACE2 expression, and inhibition of the RAS system. Multiple observation studies have shown that serum concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. The evidence gathered thus far, generally meets Hill’s causality criteria in a biological system, although experimental verification is not sufficient. We speculated that adequate vitamin D supplementation may be essential for mitigating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Future studies are warranted to determine the dosage and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation among different populations of individuals with COVID-19.

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

Endobronchial Ultrasound Multimodal Imaging for the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lymph Nodes

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhi ◽  
Junxiang Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fangfang Xie ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Structure Heterogeneity

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) imaging is valuable in diagnosing intrathoracic lymph nodes (LNs), but there has been little analysis of multimodal imaging. This study aimed to comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of single and multimodal combinations of EBUS imaging in differentiating benign and malignant intrathoracic LNs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Subjects from July 2018 to June 2019 were consecutively enrolled in the model group and July 2019 to August 2019 in the validation group. Sonographic features of three EBUS modes were analysed in the model group for the identification of malignant LNs from benign LNs. The validation group was used to verify the diagnostic efficiency of single and multimodal diagnostic methods built in the model group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 373 LNs (215 malignant and 158 benign) from 335 subjects and 138 LNs (79 malignant and 59 benign) from 116 subjects were analysed in the model and validation groups, respectively. For single mode, elastography had the best diagnostic value, followed by grayscale and Doppler. The corresponding accuracies in the validation group were 83.3%, 76.8%, and 71.0%, respectively. Grayscale with elastography had the best diagnostic efficiency of multimodal methods. When at least two of the three features (absence of central hilar structure, heterogeneity, and qualitative elastography score 4–5) were positive, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the validation group were 88.6%, 78.0%, and 84.1%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In both model and validation groups, elastography performed the best in single EBUS modes, as well as grayscale combined with elastography in multimodal imaging. Elastography alone or combined with grayscale are feasible to help predict intrathoracic benign and malignant LNs.

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