scholarly journals Nitrogen management in zero-tillage cum surface seeded wheat at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
KR Dahal ◽  
BB Adhikari ◽  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted at the experiment field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in 1999/2000 to assess the effect of mulch and the timing of nitrogen application on the performance of surface seeded wheat crop under zero-tillage condition. The experiment consisted of eight treatments that included 1/2 dose of N at sowing and 1/2 at crown root initiation (CRI) stage; 1/2 dose of N at 11 days after sowing and 1/2 at CRI; whole dose of N at CRI stage; and 1/2 dose of N at CRI and 1/2 40 days after sowing, with and without mulch using rice straw @ 4 ton/ha. The result showed that mulch was effective in conserving soil moisture, suppressing weeds and enhancing yield and yield attributing parameters. Similarly, application of nitrogen at two splits i.e. 1/2 dose of N at CRI and 1/2 at 40 days after sowing with mulch produced significantly higher grain yield (4547 kg/ha) whereas significantly lower grain yield (2267 kg/ha) was obtained from the treatment of 1/2 dose of N at sowing and 1/2 at CRI without mulch. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7547 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.85-93

scholarly journals Productivity and soil attributes as influenced by resource conservation technologies under rice- wheat system in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sah ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
SK Sah ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
A McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Rice-wheat system provides food, income, and employment to over 83 % of the people and contributes to national food security in Nepal. Sustainability of the system is under threat because of increasing cultivation cost and declining soil fertility. On-farm experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tillage and crop establishment methods, crop residue management, and nitrogen levels that affect soil attributes and productivity of the rice-wheat system during 2010- 2011at Bara, Nepal. The treatment consisted of three tillage and crop establishment methods viz. Conventional tillage (CT), Permanent bed planting (PB), and Zero-tillage (ZT); two residue management levels viz. Residue retention and Residue removal; and three nitrogen levels viz. Zero nitrogen, farmer’s dose (80 and 100 kgha-1 N for rice and wheat, respectively), and abundant nitrogen (120 kgha-1 N for both rice and wheat crop). The experiments were laid out in strip-split plot design with three replications. The research results revealed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in the plots receiving N level as applied by farmers that was similar to abundant nitrogen dose. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher with zero tillage compared to permanent bed planting and conventional tillage. Significantly higher wheat grain yield was also obtained due to abundant nitrogen dose than zero dose nitrogen which was similar to farmers’ dose of N as well. There was no significant difference in grain yield of rice and wheat due to residue retention, although, it improved soil moisture. In wheat crop, zero-till planting and increased nitrogen application conserved soil moisture, enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil temperature. It can be concluded that rice and wheat can be grown successfully with zero tillage and farmer’s nitrogen dose without any yield penalty. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 64-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9007

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under deficit irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Sarkar ◽  
MSU Talukder ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
A Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Initiation Stage

Timing and the extent of water deficit were studied in a field experiment on wheat (cv. Shatabdi) for three consecutive years from 2003-04 through 2005-06 at Jamalpur area. The effects of number and timing of irrigation application on yields were investigated under variable soil moisture condition in the root zone of different treatments. Eight deficit irrigations, including one no stress and one rainfed treatments were selected to subject the crop to various degrees of soil water deficit at different stages of crop growth. Measured amount of irrigation water was applied as per schedule prescribed for a particular treatment. Grain yield (GY), biomass, harvest index (HI), and water productivity (WP) were reasonably affected by deficit irrigation. Other yield contributing parameters like 1000-grain weight, grains/spike and spike, length were also affected by different levels of deficit irrigation. During grain formation stage, water deficit did not affect the grain yield but saved water significantly. Such water deficit treatments also shortened the grain maturation period. Differences in grain and straw yield among the stressed and no stress treatments are comparatively small, and statistically insignificant in some cases. The highest water productivity (2.02 kg/m3) was observed in treatment which was irrigated only once at crown root initiation stage (T2) although the yield was comparatively low. The CRI (crown root initiation) stage was found the most sensitive to water stress. Water stress at vegetative stage also reduced the yield considerably. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19663 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 719-732, December 2013

Effect of LCC-based nitrogen application on growth and yieldof rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties during dry season

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabani Moharana ◽  
J.M. L. Gulati ◽  
S. N. Jena
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Straw Yield

Data from a field experiment on Real Time Nitrogen Management (RTNM) in rice revealed that variety Gobinda produced significantly the highest grain yield of 49.6 q ha-1 associated with long panicle (26.75 cm) bearing significantly the maximum number of filled grains panicle-1 (156.78) producing highest net return (Rs.33214.71), B-C ratio (1.83) and return per rupee invested (0.83). Application of nitrogen based on LCC threshold value 4 produced significantly the highest grain (52.6 q ha-1), straw yield (64.4 q ha-1), number of EBT m-2 (403.71), panicle length (25.43 cm) and 148.94 filled grain panicle-1. Variety x RTNM interaction was significant and variety Naveen and Gobinda produced significantly the highest yield of 55.4 and 58.2 q ha-1 at recommended of nitrogen whereas, Lalat and Hiranmayee responded to LCC threshold value 4 (N4) with grain yield of 50.4 and 52.1 q ha-1, respectively.

Effect of grazed lucerne on the moisture status of wheat-growing soils

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
AD Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
New South ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture

The effects of varying durations of lucerne ley and subsequent wheat cropping on the moisture status of contrasting wheat growing soils are reported from two experiments in northern New South Wales. Lucerne leys of 5 1/2, 3 1/2 and 1 1/2 years on a red brown earth and 3 1/2, 2 1/2, and 1 1/2 years on a black earth were compared with a wheat-cowpea rotation, long fallow and continuous wheat. Lucerne extracted available soil water within eight months of sowing to a depth of 100 cm, with partial extraction of water to 150 cm. Within 18 months available water to a depth of 200 cm had been extracted. Subsequent growth of lucerne was dependent on incident rainfall and water extraction from depths greater than 200 cm. Wheat extracted water from the soil only to a depth of 150 cm, and extracted less water to this depth than did lucerne. Lucerne extracted water beyond the -1 5 bar suction level. On the black earth, soil moisture at 150 cm had not been recharged before time for sowing the third wheat crop, 28 months after lucerne plough-out. On the red brown earth, after a drought enforced long fallow immediately following lucerne plough-out, soil water at 200 cm was recharged within 18 months. Available soil moisture after three to five months fallow following plough-out of the lucerne leys was much less than for a wheat cropping system, with a consequent severe reduction in the grain yield of the following wheat crop. On the black earth grain yield was reduced by 7.7 kg ha-1 for each reduction of 1 mm in available moisture in the first crop after lucerne plough-out. Data indicate that lucerne must be ploughed out before January if a severe reduction in yield of the following wheat crop is to be minimized.

Influence of rates and methods of manganese application on yield and nutrition of wheat in a reclaimed sodic soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Soni ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India during 1992/93 to evaluate the effects of rates and methods of manganese application on the yield and nutrition of wheat on a reclaimed and intensively cropped Mn-deficient sodic soil (pH = 8·7, exchangeable sodium percentage = 18 and DTPA-extractable Mn = 2·7 mg kg-1). There were eight treatments which consisted of a control (no Mn application), three rates of 25, 50 and 100 kg MnSO4. H2O ha-1 each either as a basal or a top-dressing at first irrigation or a foliar spray of 1·0% MnSO4.H2O at crown root initiation (CRI), tillering and jointing stages. Grain and straw yield of wheat increased significantly with increasing rates of Mn application. A foliar spray of Mn produced a significantly higher yield than 25 and 50 kg MnSO4. H2O ha-1 applied either as a basal or a top-dressing but similar to that from 100 kg MnSO4.H2O ha-1. Efficiency of Mn was higher with a foliar spray (82·6 kg grain kg-1 Mn) than with soil application (4·4–6·4 kg grain kg-1 Mn). Application of Mn increased its concentration in the crop but decreased Fe and Cu crop concentrations. Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with the Mn content of the grain (r = 0·72) and straw (r = 0·78). Grain yield was positively correlated with 1000-grain weight (r = 0·90). Recovery of applied Mn ranged from 28·1 to 33·0%.

scholarly journals Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Atif Rasool ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Madad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

Simulating the effects of saline and sodic subsoils on wheat crops growing on Vertosols

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Hochman ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Neal P. Dalgliesh ◽  
Richard Routley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Best Estimates

Soils with high levels of chloride and/or sodium in their subsurface layers are often referred to as having subsoil constraints (SSCs). There is growing evidence that SSCs affect wheat yields by increasing the lower limit of a crop’s available soil water (CLL) and thus reducing the soil’s plant-available water capacity (PAWC). This proposal was tested by simulation of 33 farmers’ paddocks in south-western Queensland and north-western New South Wales. The simulated results accounted for 79% of observed variation in grain yield, with a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 0.50 t/ha. This result was as close as any achieved from sites without SSCs, thus providing strong support for the proposed mechanism that SSCs affect wheat yields by increasing the CLL and thus reducing the soil’s PAWC. In order to reduce the need to measure CLL of every paddock or management zone, two additional approaches to simulating the effects of SSCs were tested. In the first approach the CLL of soils was predicted from the 0.3–0.5 m soil layer, which was taken as the reference CLL of a soil regardless of its level of SSCs, while the CLL values of soil layers below 0.5 m depth were calculated as a function of these soils’ 0.3–0.5 m CLL values as well as of soil depth plus one of the SSC indices EC, Cl, ESP, or Na. The best estimates of subsoil CLL values were obtained when the effects of SSCs were described by an ESP-dependent function. In the second approach, depth-dependent CLL values were also derived from the CLL values of the 0.3–0.5 m soil layer. However, instead of using SSC indices to further modify CLL, the default values of the water-extraction coefficient (kl) of each depth layer were modified as a function of the SSC indices. The strength of this approach was evaluated on the basis of correlation of observed and simulated grain yields. In this approach the best estimates were obtained when the default kl values were multiplied by a Cl-determined function. The kl approach was also evaluated with respect to simulated soil moisture at anthesis and at grain maturity. Results using this approach were highly correlated with soil moisture results obtained from simulations based on the measured CLL values. This research provides strong evidence that the effects of SSCs on wheat yields are accounted for by the effects of these constraints on wheat CLL values. The study also produced two satisfactory methods for simulating the effects of SSCs on CLL and on grain yield. While Cl and ESP proved to be effective indices of SSCs, EC was not effective due to the confounding effect of the presence of gypsum in some of these soils. This study provides the tools necessary for investigating the effects of SSCs on wheat crop yields and natural resource management (NRM) issues such as runoff, recharge, and nutrient loss through simulation studies. It also facilitates investigation of suggested agronomic adaptations to SSCs.

The relationship of grain yield to vegetative growth and post-flowering leaf area in the wheat crop under conditions of limited soil moisture

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
GD Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Relative Differences

Trials were conducted in 1961 and 1962 at Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales to investigate the yield physiology of the wheat crop. Various cultural treatments were applied to a single variety (Heron). This paper covers aspects directly related to grain yield. In the rate of sowing and fertilizer trials relative differences in grain yield were invariably less than relative differences in total dry weight at or before flowering. In some cases increased vegetative growth depressed grain yield. These results appear to be mainly the consequence of increased post-flowering competition for limited soil moisture in denser crops. High soil nitrogen had an additional detrimental effect. When as a result of later sowing flowering was delayed, both vegetative growth and post-flowering plant water status decreased; as a consequence grain yield decreased with successively later sowings. For the 1962 crops, grain yield was closely correlated (r = 0.969**) with leaf area duration after flowering, which in turn was related to leaf area index at flowering and to the rate of senescence of photosynthetic tissue. Increased rates of senescence were usually associated with reduced post-flowering plant water status, as indicated by the relative turgidity of the leaves. These results are discussed in relation to the importance of numerical components of grain yield and to improvement of grain yield in the wheat crop.

scholarly journals Tillage and seeding strategies for wheat optimizing production in harvested rice fields with high soil moisture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Fujian Li ◽  
Tao Le ◽  
Dongyi Xu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
High Soil Moisture

AbstractSuitable tillage and seeding strategies for wheat can be used to combat excessive residues and poor soil conditions in harvested rice fields. This study investigated the effects of different tillage (zero tillage and rotary tillage) and seeding methods on wheat growth, grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization, and economic benefit when the soil moisture was high during the tillage and seeding practices. In 2016–2017, three seeders were tested: SM1-1, SM2, and SM3; in 2017–2018, four seeders were tested: SM1-2, SM2, SM3, and SM4. Although the soil moisture was different between years, zero tillage could be used to reduce the sowing depth, which facilitated early-phase wheat growth and N uptake compared with rotary tillage, resulting in higher grain yield, NUpE, and net return. In 2016–2017 (high wet soil), a small-size seeder (SM1-1) with sowing near the soil surface facilitated higher grain yield, NUpE, and net returns compared with the other seeders; in 2017–2018 (low wet soil), medium-size seeders (SM3 and SM4) were more suitable than small-size seeders (SM1-2 and SM2). In both years, the seeders that performed the best mainly improved the spike numbers while increasing N uptake, especially after anthesis. Zero tillage lowered input costs, but small-size seeders did not reduce costs due to the higher labor costs associated with their low working efficiency. Improving net returns depends largely on increasing yield. In conclusion, zero tillage is recommended for wheat production in harvested rice fields with a high soil moisture content, but the suitable seeding method needs to be confirmed according to the soil moisture content.

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