Evaluating the return on religious capital in the Russian labor market

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1694
Author(s):  
R.M. Mel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Capital ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the impact of religious confession on wages and the likelihood of unemployment in Russia. Objectives. The aim is to test the hypothesis that religious faith and high church attendance are accompanied by an increase in employment earnings. Methods. Using the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey data, I estimate the Mincer's extended equation with variables that characterize the respondent’s religious commitment. To assess the impact of religious identity and the activity rate of attendance at religious services on the likelihood of unemployment and life satisfaction, I use probit models. Results. The estimates demonstrate that the Russian labor market rewards men with moderate and high degree of religious commitment; their wage growth reaches seventeen percent of the level of non-believers with comparable education and work experience. However, faithful Muslim women are employed in the lowest paid areas. Religious faith and regular church attendance have a positive effect on satisfaction with life (significant for Orthodox Christian women). Conclusions. Positive impact of religious capital on income and employment can be attributed to the development of business qualities that are rewarded in the labor market, the mutual support of religious network participants. Therefore, it possible to consider religious capital, along with educational capital and health capital, as a component of human capital and a factor of socio-economic development.

scholarly journals The Lebanese Perception of the Impact of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on the National Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Charif Hamdar ◽  
Rana Najjar ◽  
Kamel Karameh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Default"><em>Over the years, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been very significant to the economic development of most developing and developed countries. It is a major form of business and a major employer with a strong positive impact on the economic growth and labor market in Lebanon. </em></p><p class="Default"><em>This paper researches the impact of SMEs on the Lebanese labor market and Lebanese economy. Furthermore, the importance of SMEs, and the challenges facing the sector and makes recommendations as to how to resolve these challenges.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>The data was collected through a questionnaire, and several literature, publications and reports.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>Based on past researches and studies there is a relation between SMEs and job creation in addition to the vital role they play in a nation’s economy.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>This is a basic study to show the impact and importance of SMEs. Recommendations are made for governments to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit and in collaboration with banks to facilitate access to credit to ensure the growth, development and continuation of SMEs. Furthermore, owners and employees of SMEs should be provided with a skill acquisition program to boost their skills, and to ensure the development of both employees and the business. </em></p>

scholarly journals The impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele ◽  
Nthabiseng Violet Moraka ◽  
Kopano Kalvyn More
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harsh Reality

The recurrent struggle of seeking employment and the saturated labor market is a harsh reality in the lives of many university students. Entrepreneurship is arguably the most effective contributor to employment and economic growth. However, very few entrepreneurship graduates start businesses immediately after graduation. Moreover, while academic institutions invest in developing entrepreneurship curriculum and extending the body of knowledge, little is invested in practical programs. There is, therefore, a need to practically teach entrepreneurship. This research was aimed at establishing the impact of practical entrepreneurship project on future entrepreneurial intentions of students. The research was quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The research found that the practical entrepreneurship project had a positive impact on the future entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The sample for the survey reported in this article included 25 participants across various career fields. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions, experiential learning, practical entrepreneurship project, student business initiative challenge. JEL Classification: L26

scholarly journals How Does Religious Commitment Affect Satisfaction with Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Depression, Anxiety, and Stress as Mediators

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Orhan Koçak
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediation And Moderation

The effect of religiosity on individuals is seen more in stressful situations. Religion strengthens people in coping with the issues given rise by COVID-19 due to its contributions, such as reducing death fear and giving hope. The impact of religious commitment on COVID-19 fear, psychological consequences, and satisfaction with life levels in the COVID-19 period is investigated. To measure this impact of religious commitment, a cross-sectional study was designed with 2810 adults in Turkey. For this purpose, religious commitment, COVID-19 fear, DASS-21, and satisfaction with life scales were used. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to test the formed hypotheses. First, the impact of religious commitment on satisfaction with life with depression, anxiety, and stress was tested. Then, the moderating impact of COVID-19 fear in terms of the effect of religious commitment on satisfaction with life was analyzed. Finally, the role of depression’s mediation and COVID-19 fear’s moderation in terms of the impact of religious commitment on satisfaction with life was found. It was found that satisfaction with life decreased more in those with high COVID-19 fear than those with low COVID-19 fear; additionally, religious commitment increased satisfaction with life by reducing depression.

Do age, work experience and gender affect individuals’ propensity to trust others? An exploratory study in the United Arab Emirates

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 210-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Zeffane
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trust Formation ◽  
Propensity To Trust ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of age, work experience and gender on individuals’ propensity (inclination or readiness) to trust others. Design/methodology/approach The authors gathered literature arguments and developed a basic theoretical model explored through an empirical study. The study uses a sample of 324 retail business owners/operators in the United Arab Emirates. The authors developed and tested three main hypotheses. Findings Age has a significant positive impact on the propensity to trust. Work experience has a similar effect, but to a lesser degree. Females are generally less predisposed to trust. However, the impact of age on trust was significant for both males and females. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on a small sample of individuals in a single country. A larger multi-context study would be beneficial in verifying the above findings. Also, the concept of trust used in this study is general and focuses mainly on general likelihood/aspirations to trust others. Future research could examine the relationship of age to different aspects of trust and in different circumstances. Practical implications The findings of this study have several practical benefits. They draw the attention of human resource management practitioners and policy makers to the importance of age, work experience and gender in shaping trust relationships in both societal and business contexts. Originality/value The impact of age (and aging) work and society in general is a growing concern. Despite the number of studies examining trust and the process of trust formation, the relationships between age, gender and trust have been largely overlooked in previous research. This study attempts to address this gap and provides useful evidence likely to inspire further/future research on this issue.

The Impact of Marital Status on Job Finding: A Field Experiment in the Chinese Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Chinese Labor ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of marital status on job finding in China using the correspondence methodology. Fictitious CVs are sent to job advertisements through an online job board website, focusing on financial and accounting jobs, and the callback rate is measured. We vary the gender and marital status on otherwise identical CVs. The previous literature suggests that being married has a negative impact on the labor market outcomes of females, but a positive impact for males. In contrast, for the Chinese labor market, we do not find a significant effect of marital status on job finding for either gender.

scholarly journals Komitmen Beragama dalam Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Masyarakat Mahasiswa STIT Islamiyah Karya Pembangunan Paron, Ngawi, Jawa Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-89
Author(s):  
Dian Febrianingsih ◽  
Arih Merdekasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract : This study aims to describe and analyze 5 things, 1) factors that influence the religious commitment of students in implementing community-based Islamic education, 2) forms of community-based Islamic education by students, 3) the impact of community-based Islamic education for students, and 4 ) psychological dynamics of religious commitment of STIT Islamiyah student KP Paron Ngawi in implementing community-based Islamic education. To answer the above problem, the researcher uses qualitative method with case study. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, participatory observation and documentation. The next data is analyzed with Miles & Hubberman concept which include data reduction, data exposure and conclusion. The form of community-based Islamic education conducted by the students is education diniyah non-formal path that is TPA and / or boarding. Implementation of TPA and pesantren have a positive impact on personal and social life on the whole subject. On the other hand, there is no negative impact of the activity on students. The dimensions of religious commitment consisting of dimensions of belief, ritual, knowledge, experience and belief; have varying degrees of influence on the subjects. Based on this there is a unique dynamics of religious commitment to each subject in the implementation of community-based Islamic education

scholarly journals "Peer to Peer Employability Coaching and Mentoring; a case study of Bournemouth University in the UK,

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Winter) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Vianna Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Student Experience ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Student Role ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of a peer to peer employability coaching and mentoring initiative within the higher educational context. Whilst peer to peer assisted learning initiatives have been proven to positively impact student learning and the overall Student Experience, such a program with a focus on employability in relation to the mandatory ‘sandwich placement’ component of many UK undergraduate academic programs has not been looked at.   Using a post 92 public institution located in the South West of the UK, a constructivist lens was applied upon a theoretical framework of the works of Kolb and Experiential Learning, Vygotsky and the Zones of Proximal Development, and Whitmore with the GROW Model of Coaching. Volunteer first and final year participants were randomly paired up. Following semi structured interviews with all participants, their feedback was directly used in the session development and guideline notes.   Consisting of four intervention sessions throughout a six month period, the student pairs discussed and explored their ideas and experience with the concept of ‘employability’, particularly linked to the compulsory sandwich placement. Termed as the M-Coach, the final year student role, and the M-Coachee, the first year student role, the engagement was both of a mentoring and coaching perspective. Implementing the GROW Model of Coaching into the sessions   Whilst this project is still in progress, there has been a significant impact observed from both participant groups. The M-Coachees have been the first ones amongst their peers to have a developed social media presence with LinkedIn account, secured summer work experience, and feel more confident about the placement search process. The M-Coaches unanimously felt pride in their ability to coach and mentor their younger peers and gained more perspective from reflecting upon their own personal placement journey which supported their graduate role search.     In conclusion, this project has shown to create a positive impact on the student experience with all completing participants confirming that they would have felt this initiative would have greatly added to their university experience.    

Children of Turkish Immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands: The Impact of Differences in Vocational and Academic Tracking Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1508-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Crul ◽  
Jens Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Much research is being done on Turkish immigrants and their children in Germany and the Netherlands, but almost always from a national perspective. To compare the situation, for example, regarding educational outcomes across the two countries has proved to be very difficult because of different sets, selection criteria, and time periods for statistical data on immigrant populations. However, those data, which are actually available and comparable to at least some degree, already show how strongly the differences in educational attainment and labor market integration of Turkish immigrants depend on structural and systemic differences in the ways that education is organized in Germany and the Netherlands. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The article analyzes available data on young Turkish immigrants and native-born second generations and their educational success in the two countries with the major Turkish populations in Western Europe. It aims to direct the focus away from group background characteristics, which are actually quite similar, to the influence of institutional arrangements and the way that the educational system facilitates (or not) the educational integration of Turkish youth. Research Design The article is based on publicly collected and available data on the Turkish populations in Germany and the Netherlands. This mainly refers to the Dutch SPVA surveys and the German micro-census and Integration Survey. Conclusions/Recommendations The findings show that more than group characteristics, systemic and institutional factors can have a decisive role in promoting or hampering the educational and labor market integration of young immigrants and the native-born second generation. The greater openness of the Dutch school system to provide “long routes” and “second chances” shows its effect in significantly higher shares of Turks in higher education. On the other side, the dual system of vocational training in Germany seems to be better suited for labor market integration, especially because apprenticeships are more practice oriented and do count as work experience for later application procedures. The Dutch system also offers better opportunities for girls than does the German system. Yet, the polarization effect between “high achievement” and “failure” of only partial integration success is greater in the Netherlands, whereas the overall advancement is slower, but also less polarizing, in Germany. In this sense, each country could learn something from its neighbor regarding those aspects of the institutional and systemic setting that apparently fail to do the job well enough.

The impact of academic achievement on starting wages of russian university graduates

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rudakov ◽  
I. Chirikov ◽  
S. Roshchin ◽  
D. Drozhzhina
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Graduate Survey ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of student academic achievements on future wages of Russian university graduates by looking at GPA-earnings relationship for graduates of one Russian selective university, based on cross-sectional graduate survey data. The issue of how student academic achievement, measured by GPA (Grade Point Average) impact future labor market rewards is analyzed with reference to the set of academic, demographic, and labor market factors. Our results indicate that there is no significant impact of GPA on future earnings for male graduates and significant negative impact for female graduates. The effect of GPA on earnings is insignificant for both gender groups if we control for sectoral segregation. The existence of work experience before graduation is the most significant factor that positively affects future wages. Moreover, we observed high returns to current job tenure. We found no evidence that combining study and work negatively affects student academic achievements.

Religious Life on the German Home Front

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Church Attendance ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
The Social ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

This chapter focuses on the social and cultural histories of religious practice and belief on the German home front. Focusing on Catholics in the Rhineland and Westphalia, it explores the impact exerted on the Church’s pastoral structures by wartime legislation and Allied bombing, and analyses the fluctuations of church attendance from 1939 to 1945. The chapter analyses popular religious beliefs through examination of letters and diaries, and considers the emotional and psychological functions of religiosity in wartime. In addition to examining Catholics’ responses to Allied bombing and bereavement, the chapter analyses how the theological leadership provided by the higher clergy was received by laypeople. Moreover, it considers how far the devout perceived their religious faith as distancing themselves from the Nazi regime and German war effort. To do so, the chapter examines wartime religious services such as funerals, and the languages and rituals employed by clergymen in their conduct.

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