An A Useful Model for Rainwater Catchment System Design

Choosing a storage volume size for a rainwater catchment project is difficult because the overall volume needs to be large enough to meet the demand of users but not so high that it is never completely filled, which would waste money and space in the community. This newly developed Excel-based model can simplify choosing appropriate tank sizes for a rainwater catchment project by projecting the water availability in storage at multiple locations over the course of a year. For ease of use, the user can input monthly data or daily data for improved accuracy. This tool also incorporates the ability to include adjustable daily demand, to distribute demand over multiple structures, to account for tank overflow, and to increase demand at other locations if one of them runs out of water. The water level at each location over one year and the local storage volume are shown on a plot, making it easy to determine what storage volume is necessary to provide enough water for the community. This tool was originally developed to determine appropriate storage volumes for a rainwater catchment project in Mkutani, Tanzania and has been adapted for general use.

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Mollusc fisheries and length–weight relationship in Tonle Sap flood pulse system, Cambodia

Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology ◽

10.1051/limn/2018026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peng Bun Ngor ◽

Ratha Sor ◽

Leang Hour Prak ◽

Nam So ◽

Zeb S. Hogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Annual Variation ◽

Flood Pulse ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Water Levels ◽

Relationship Analysis ◽

Weight Relationship ◽

Daily Data ◽

Tonle Sap ◽

Mollusc Species ◽

One Year

Molluscs are important for ecological function, livelihoods and fisheries, but are often forgotten in research and management. Here, we investigated intra-annual variation in the landing and growth patterns of three mollusc species, i.e., Corbicula moreletiana, Pila virescens and Pila ampullacea, using one-year daily data on landing catches and values, recorded in Kampong Chhnang province of Tonle Sap (TS) Lake. Overall, 8330 tonnes with a first sale landing value of US$ 1.4 million for the three species were reported. Also, we found that C. moreletiana was abundant during the dry season with high temperature and less precipitation. By contrast, the two Pila species were abundant from the early rainy to early dry seasons when precipitation and water levels increase. The length–weight relationship analysis indicated that a faster growth in weight of Pila species occurred in the rainy season, and a general negative allometric growth was observed for the three species. This implies that their populations were intensively fished. Our preliminary results suggest that molluscs in the TS Lake (i) are important resources in support of people's livelihoods, (ii) respond differently to intra-annual variation in temperature, precipitation and hydrology and (iii) are being intensively exploited with significant reduction in growth rate. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further comprehensive research describing status of mollusc stocks and their ecology to support long-term management and conservation of this important aquatic fauna. Our study contributes to establishing the first important baseline data and information on key mollusc species for the TS.

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Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed with modified Rayleigh model

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) ◽

10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1823-1831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1823

Author(s):

Suwarno Suwarno ◽

Rohana Rohana

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Rayleigh Distribution ◽

Scale Factor ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Monthly Data ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Wind Characteristics ◽

One Year ◽

The Many

The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.

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Point-Of-Use Drinking Water Treatment in the Developing World: Community Acceptance, Project Monitoring and Revision

International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship ◽

10.24908/ijsle.v6i1.3207 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-32

Author(s):

Temitope Adebimpe Ogunyoku ◽

Daniel M. Nover ◽

Erica R. McKenzie ◽

Geetika Joshi ◽

William E. Fleenor

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Developing World ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Particle Removal ◽

Solar Disinfection ◽

Community Acceptance ◽

Point Of Use ◽

One Year

Abstract - Project design and implementation of water treatment technologies in the developing world often overlooks potential pitfalls because: 1) technical experts focus on technologies without considering cultural acceptability and 2) projects lack monitoring, evaluation, and project revision. Over the past five years, Engineers Without Borders (EWB) at the UC-Davis partnered with the Rural Agency for Sustainable Development (RASD) in Nkokonjeru, Uganda, to implement sustainable point of use (POU) water systems. POU systems (i.e. Filtron clay pot filters, solar disinfection, chlorine treatment, and colloidal silver) were tested and implemented at RASD’s training center in Nkokonjeru. While all of the systems effectively removed pathogens, cultural appropriateness and education were the most important drivers of project acceptance. After a one-year assessment, it was determined that community preference was driven by transparency of treatment method, cost, stigma, and ease of use. Clay pot filters were preferred because of ease of use and physical particle removal capabilities. However, high cost, lack of local production and transportation difficulties dictated that their use was not sustainable. Biosand filters were introduced as an alternative and although originally deemed to be too complicated, they have been accepted by the community and continue to be manufactured by RASD in Nkokonjeru.

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MP52: Effectiveness of an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy clinic for adults with non-purulent cellulitis

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S61-S61

Author(s):

A. Mattice ◽

R. Yip ◽

D. Eagles ◽

H. Rosenberg ◽

K. Suh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Parenteral Antibiotic ◽

Monthly Data ◽

Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Ed Visits ◽

One Year

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) patients with cellulitis that are treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be eligible for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the implementation of an OPAT clinic results in decreased hospitalization and return ED visits for patients treated with IV antibiotics. Methods: We conducted a before-after implementation study involving adults (age >=18 years) that presented to two tertiary care EDs with cellulitis and were treated with IV antibiotics. The intervention was referral to an infectious disease physician within one week of the index ED visit at the newly created OPAT clinic. The primary outcomes were hospital admission and return ED visits within 14 days. Secondary outcomes were treatment failure (admission after 48 hours of OPAT) and adverse events (e.g. vomiting, diarrhea). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis from January to December both pre-intervention (2013) and post-intervention (2015), with 24 monthly data points. The year of clinic implementation (2014) was considered a transition period. A segmented non-linear regression autoregressive error model was used to aggregate the monthly data to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: A total of 1,666 patients met inclusion criteria: 858 pre-intervention (mean age 59 years, 53.1% male) and 808 post-intervention (mean age 62 years, 54.5% male). Hospitalization rates were not significantly higher one year after clinic implementation (p = 0.53) although there was a non-statistically significant gradual increase of 0.8% per month (95%CI -0.3% to 1.9%). One year after introduction of the OPAT clinic, return ED visits were significantly lower (change in intercept -24.4%, 95%CI -34.2% to -14.6%; p < 0.001), followed by an additional drop of 1.4% per month (95%CI -2.1% to -0.6%; p = 0.002). By the end of the study, return visits were 40.7% lower (95%CI 25.6% to 55.9%) than if the intervention had not been introduced. Treatment failure rates were <2% and adverse events were <5% in both groups. Conclusion: Implementation of an OPAT clinic significantly reduced return ED visits for cellulitis, which is critically important given the current ED overcrowding crisis. There was no significant change in hospital admission rates. There were low rates of treatment failures and adverse events. An OPAT clinic should be considered to reduce ED crowding while maintaining safe patient care.

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Water availability alters the relative performance of Salix sericea,Sralix eriocephala, and their F1 hybrids

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b99-021 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 514-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Colin M Orians ◽

Daniel I Bolnick ◽

Bernadette M Roche ◽

Robert S Fritz ◽

Ted Floyd

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Initial Period ◽

High Water ◽

Relative Performance ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Short Term ◽

Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽

Dry Down ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

One Year

Seedlings of Salix eriocephala Michx., Salix sericea Marsh., and their F1 hybrids were tested for their growth under contrasting water conditions. One-year old seedlings were grown in pots and subjected to one of two experiments, a scheduled-watering experiment (watered every 1, 4, 8, or 12 days) or a dry-down experiment (no watering after an initial period without water limitation). In the scheduled-watering experiment, short-term growth of hybrids was suppressed relative to the parents. However, subsequent watering allowed hybrids to recover. By the end of the 48-day experiments, hybrids exhibited heterosis across all treatments. In the dry-down experiment, hybrids again were highly susceptible to the onset of drought conditions. From these results, we hypothesize that temporal and spatial variability in water availability could determine the survivorship of hybrids and the frequency of introgression; high water availability may enhance the relative performance of hybrids, while low water availability may limit hybrids.Key words: Salicaceae, willows, hybridization, water relations, performance, heterosis.

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Understanding the importance of hydraulic head timeseries for calibrating a flow model: application to the real case of the Bacchiglione Basin

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5938 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mara Meggiorin ◽

Giulia Passadore ◽

Andrea Sottani ◽

Andrea Rinaldo

Keyword(s):

Missing Values ◽

Flow Model ◽

Hydraulic Head ◽

Parameters Estimation ◽

Real Case ◽

Time Interval ◽

Specific Storage ◽

Monthly Data ◽

Calibration Process ◽

Daily Data

Hydrogeological timeseries of hydraulic head contain important information for modelling the groundwater resource. Calibrating in transient conditions allows to define both conductivity and specific storage fields plus, in case, other flow boundary conditions (BCs) that fit at best the observations. Moreover, by having at least one year of records, different hydrological conditions are considered and fitted.The major problem encountered by hydrogeologists is that hydrological records often have missing values. Then, different choices on observation sampling time are possible: for example, using daily data with missing values or monthly data that fastens also the model. These choices can alter the calibration process and affect the parameters estimation.This study aims at understanding if and how optimal estimated parameter sets are different and, therefore, if the different choice on the time interval can preclude a proper calibration of the groundwater model. This analysis was performed by calibrating: (i) with all daily data, (ii) with different percentages of missing values on daily data, (iii) with weekly data, (iv) with monthly data and (v) with stationary conditions.The estimated parameter sets of the different models obtained by using part of the data available (to simulate the loss of information) are compared to a base model, which is the best fit achieved by using all available daily observations. The flow model and calibration setup are constant for all models, only timeseries&#8216; observation vary.The analysis is carried out on a real case of study: a flow model is built using the software FEFLOW for an area of the Bacchiglione Basin (Veneto, Italy). This area has been selected in a way to facilitate the calibration process. It is located on the plain close to the Leogra river where the aquifer is unconfined. The domain has both upstream and downstream borders roughly perpendicular to the regional groundwater flow direction and passing by sensors recording continuously the hydraulic head. In this way, the following BCs can be assigned: the Dirichlet BCs with transient values of the corresponding recording sensor for the boarders upstream and downstream and no-flow conditions for the lateral borders. Furthermore, inside the study area, there are sensors monitoring the hydraulic head, i.e. transient observations. Two borderline and four central sensors are recording daily values of hydraulic head. The year 2016 was chosen as calibration period, since no data is missing.The comparison of resulting conductivity and specific storage fields is carried out by visual inspection of fields heterogeneity and statistical distributions. Moreover, models&#8217; uncertainty is quantified with a calibration-constrained Monte-Carlo analysis.The main understanding of this analysis is the anomalous result estimated by the monthly data model respect to other models: both conductivity and specific storage field are different in their heterogeneity and magnitude, reaching unlikely values.This comprehension is important because the choice of monthly data is usually done for data scarcity or model fastening, but the effects on estimated fields are evident and important to consider. The analysis shows how different observations types, meaning daily to monthly data, affect the calibration process.

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PENENTUAN HARGA OPSI DENGAN MODEL BLACK-SCHOLES MENGGUNALKAN METODE BEDA HINGGA FORWARD TIME CENTRAL SPACE

Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) ◽

10.14710/jfma.v1i1.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Werry Febrianti

Keyword(s):

Finite Difference ◽

Finite Difference Method ◽

Difference Method ◽

Option Price ◽

Call Option ◽

Put Option ◽

Daily Data ◽

Black Scholes ◽

One Year ◽

The Right

Option can be defined as a contract between two sides/parties said party one and party two. Party one has the right to buy or sell of stock to party two. Party two can invest by observe the put option price or call option price on a time period in the option contract. Black-Scholes option solution using finite difference method based on forward time central space (FTCS) can be used as the reference for party two in the investment determining. Option price determining by using Black-Scholes was applied on Samsung stock (SSNLF) by using finite difference method FTCS. Daily data of Samsung stock in one year was processed to obtain the volatility of the stock. Then, the call option and put option are calculated by using FTCS method after discretization on the Black-Scholes model. The value of call option was obtained as $1.457695030014260 and the put option value was obtained as $1.476925604670225.

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SIMPLE BAYESIAN FORECAST COMBINATION

Annals of Financial Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010495220500165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 2050016

Author(s):

PHILIP HANS FRANSES

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Diffusion Models ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Forecast Combination ◽

Bayesian Forecast ◽

Daily Data ◽

Combined Forecasts

In this paper, it is proposed to combine the forecasts using a simple Bayesian forecast combination algorithm. The algorithm is applied to forecasts from three non-nested diffusion models for S shaped processes like virus diffusion. An illustration to daily data on first-wave cumulative Covid-19 cases in the Netherlands shows the ease of use of the algorithm and the accuracy of the newly combined forecasts.

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EVALUASI KINERJA EMBUNG SONG BOLONG SELOPAMIORO IMOGIRI, BANTUL

CivETech ◽

10.47200/civetech.v15i2.720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Muchamad Arif Budiyanto ◽

Agung Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Storage System ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Water Storage ◽

Goal Function ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Land Area ◽

Optimization Analysis ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

One Year

Small dam is a water storage system, which is usually used by residents in areas with limited water resources. Construction of small dam Song Bolong as one of the water storage is expected to be used to increase agricultural products in the area of small dam Song Bolong. This study intends to determine the optimization of the use of small dam Song Bolong in order to know the area of land that can be rised by the water availability of small dam Song Bolong. This study uses the software that is in Ms. Excel as a tool in optimization analysis. The optimization Model used is monthly optimization on MT I, MT II and MT III. The goal function is the maximum yield of the small dam Song Bolong to meet the need for irrigation water. While obstacle functions include the magnitude of available discharge, the volume of the reservoir and the available land area. Based on the results of the optimization, the water potential in small dam Song Bolong provides maximum planting intensity with rice planting pattern system (Mt I) – Palawija (Mt II) – Palawija (Mt III), at the beginning of January period 1 planting, which shows the planting intensity occurs by 168% for one year. At MT I The planting intensity is 140%. At MT II The planting intensity is 20%. As for MT III the planting intensity is 8%.

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Variability and Change in Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior Across Multiple Time Scales

10.31234/osf.io/cqntp ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lysanne te Brinke ◽

Suzanne van de Groep ◽

Renske van der Cruijsen ◽

Eveline Crone

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Time Scales ◽

Perspective Taking ◽

Prosocial Behaviors ◽

Multiple Time Scales ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Daily Data ◽

Affective Processes ◽

One Year

We examined variability and change in adolescents’ prosocial behaviors directed to peers and friends across four time scales: two-years, one-year, two-monthly, and daily. Data from three longitudinal datasets with a total of 569 adolescents (55.7% girl, Mage = 15.23, SD = 3.90) were included. The overall time-related stability of prosocial behavior across time scales was moderate to excellent. Variability did not differ between early (age 10-15) and late (age 16-21) adolescence. Late adolescents reported higher mean levels and larger two-year increases. Finally, results indicated that prosocial behaviors measured over longer periods (i.e., two-years and one-year) are positively associated with reflective processes (perspective taking), whereas prosocial behaviors measured over shorter periods (i.e., two-monthly) are positively associated with affective processes (empathy).

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